Large Industrial City Research Articles

Monitoring and risk assessment of arsenic species and metals in the Taehwa River in Ulsan, the largest industrial city in South Korea

Toxic metals, As, and As species were monitored at 18 stations along the Taehwa River in Ulsan. The concentrations of Ni (98.4 μg/L) at stations near industrial areas were relatively high and exceeded the WHO's drinking water guidelines (70 μg/L) and the US EPA's national recommended water quality criteria (52 μg/L). Principal component analysis and cluster analysis revealed that Ni and Cu were more strongly influenced by industrial activity than other elements in the Taehwa River estuary. Analysis of the hazard quotient (HQ) and cancer risk (CR) indicated that As was of the greatest non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic concern. Notably, the HQ and CR of AsIII at suburban stations exceeded 1 and 10−4, respectively, representing a significant health risk. These results indicate that As speciation testing is crucial for the development of effective management plans based on health risks because the toxicity and mobility of As depend on its chemical form.

Comparative Assessment of the Quality of Aerosol Filters for the Analysis of Ambient Air Pollution

Introduction. Atmospheric aerosols contain many carcinogenic and toxic substances, a significant part of which is represented by heavy metals. Traditionally, metal analysis is preceded by air sampling on AFA-HA-20 filters; yet, the lack of regulations on permitted background levels of trace elements in the filter material may limit reliability of measurements. Selection of filters with similar technological parameters can be a way to improve analytical accuracy. Objective: To determine contamination of different types of filters and to establish its effect on the results of spectral analysis of airborne metal concentrations in a large industrial city. Materials and methods: We analyzed unexposed AFA-HA-20 filters and Merck Millipore MF filters (n = 30 each) for the content of 13 heavy metals identified as priority pollutants within the Federal Clean Air Project. To assess the effect of filter contamination on the analytical error, air sampling was performed by exposing Merck Millipore MF filters at mobile monitoring stations in the city of Lipetsk. The filters were then analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with prior microwave mineralization. Results: Our findings confirm the repeatedly obtained data on metal contents in null AFA-HA-20 filters and indicate significantly lower levels of contamination of unexposed Millipore MF filters made of mixed cellulose ethers. Conclusions: The risk of obtaining false positive and false negative results depends on the level and variability of the content of a particular trace metal in the filter. The AFA-HA-20 type of filters traditionally used for ambient air sampling may itself confound measurement result.

Socialist Industrialization as a Factor of Urban Development and a Difficult Legacy in Košice, Slovakia

The postwar decades were significant for urban development in Central and Eastern Europe since many cities grew rapidly and were industrialized. The Slovak city of Košice illustrates how industrial entities’ localization catalyzes urban development. The development in the years after 1945 changed the city character from middle size provincial town into a large industrial city. Later, the post-socialist transformation redirected this trend and left postindustrial areas within the city structure. From a path dependency perspective, the first phases of socialist and post-socialist periods show similar dynamics as a time of significant changes that set the guidelines for city development.

Steelmaking Slag - A Complex Material for the Production of Small-Size Materials Using Hyper-Press Technology

The solution to the problem of large industrial cities with a developed metallurgical industry is the creation of environmentally friendly conditions for the life of the population through the disposal of industrial waste. The studies carried out have shown that the developed technology makes it possible to widely use steel-making slags and carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere in the production of small-piece wall stones with high operational properties. It is shown that only slag is required to obtain wall material without the use of a hydraulic binder.

Impact of meteorological conditions at multiple scales on ozone concentration in the Yangtze River Delta.

Tropospheric ozone is known to have adverse effects on human health. Ozone pollution events are often associated with specific atmospheric circulation conditions. Therefore, studying the relationship between atmospheric circulation and ozone is particularly important for early warning and forecasting of ozone pollution events. Focusing on the Yangtze River Delta region, particularly in four important large industrial cities (Xuzhou, Nanjing, Shanghai, and Hangzhou) in the Yangtze River Delta, the T-mode objective classification method was applied to classify the weather circulation that mainly affects the Yangtze River Delta region into nine types. Local wind fields for the four industrial cities were classified according to their propensity for ventilation, stagnation, and recirculation based on the Allwine and Whiteman method. Based on the analysis of large-scale atmospheric circulation, we concluded that certain circulation patterns correspond to excessive ozone concentrations, while other circulation patterns correspond to good air quality. Moreover, ozone pollution was not closely related to local regional transmission. The importance of high temperatures in potentiating ozone pollution was also identified in the study area, whereas the effect of relative humidity was negligible. Finally, the importance of the different scale atmospheric motions was analyzed by studying two specific ozone pollution events in Xuzhou area (March, 2019) and Nanjing area (July-August, 2017). This analysis was complemented by HYSPLIT model's outputs to simulate the pollutant diffusion path. Regarding the first episode, ozone concentration is often closely related to the slowly approaching thermal high-pressure system. In the second episode, local transmission had little effect on the generation and spread of ozone pollution. Furthermore, and comparing the circulation conditions with local meteorological factors, it was found that the increase in ozone concentration was often accompanied by higher temperature, and the response to humidity was not clear.

Обґрунтування регіональної програми моніторингу за якістю атмосферного повітря у Дніпропетровській області

The air quality monitoring system in industrial cities is one of the systems for responding to risk factors in the public health system. The purpose of the study is, on the basis of a hygienic assessment of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks from exposure to specific pollutants in the cities of Dnipro, Kamenskoye, Kryvyi Rih, to substantiate a program for regional monitoring of atmospheric air quality. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, the results of air quality studies in the largest industrial cities of the Dnipropetrovsk region – Dnipro, Kryvyi Rih and Kamenskoe for the period 2005-2019 were analyzed in terms of phenol, formaldehyde, benzene, xylene and toluene, and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to public health were calculated in these cities. Results and discussion. According to the results of the study, individual carcinogenic risks in all three cities in terms of formaldehyde are medium, and in terms of benzene are high. The population carcinogenic risk ranges from 200-269 additional cases of cancer from exposure to formaldehyde and 3727-4426 additional cases of cancer from chronic inhalation exposure to benzene. The calculation of non-carcinogenic risks identified the priority specific air pollutants in the cities under study, as well as the main target organs. So the main systems that are influenced by the action of the studied chemicals are the central nervous system, the general development of the body and the blood system. Based on the risk assessment, it was established that it is necessary to include the Kamenskoye metro station for regional monitoring. It is necessary to include all pollutants from List A to the minimum list of investigated chemicals, and for the city of Dnipro and Kamenskoye it is additionally necessary to carry out studies of phenol, formaldehyde and toluene and in the city of Kryvyi Rih – formaldehyde and toluene. The mechanism of data processing and interaction between the subjects of monitoring has been substantiated for the timely identification of risks and the development of necessary preventive measures for risk management. Conclusion. It was found that carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks in industrial cities of the Dnipropetrovsk region are not acceptable. The existing monitoring system does not fully comply with the current requirements. The minimum program of the regional air quality monitoring system in the Dnipropetrovsk region has been scientifically substantiated

The Commercialization of Genetic Research: A Pilot Study

With the development of molecular genetics, the field of personalized medicine based on genetic data has been growing at a phenomenal pace. Genetic tests can identify health risks, ancestry, and genealogy, as well as the prediction of drug responses. However, very limited research exists about the marketing practices of companies, which promote and sell DNA ancestry and health-related genetic tests directly to the public.Aim. To evaluate the awareness and attitude about genetic testing in the population of a large industrial city in Russia (on the example of Irkutsk).Materials and methods. A total of 305 respondents – 265 of them were students of higher educational institutions of Irkutsk. The study was conducted on condition of anonymity. The questionnaire was available on the Internet on the basis of the Google Forms service. All basic concepts were explained to the participants during the survey.Results. 94.1 % are interested in conducting genetic testing on a commercial basis. Of the total number of survey participants, 72.8 % expressed a desire to undergo the analysis “Hereditary predisposition to diseases”, 61 % – “Monogenic diseases”, 52.1 % – “Ethno”. In addition, out of the total number of respondents surveyed, 36.7 % want to undergo genetic testing for research: features of metabolism and food intolerance “Diet”, 22 % – susceptibility to injuries and speed of recovery of physical form “Sport”, 18 % – to hereditarily determined susceptibility to drugs “Pharmacy”. It follows from the answers that the greatest interest among the surveyed people is the determination of predisposition to cardiovascular diseases – 72.5 %, to Alzheimer’s disease – 48.3 % and diabetes mellitus – 40.3 %.Conclusion. The results obtained indicate an interest in the study of predisposition to cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. There is a high need to analyze the assessment of the clinical usefulness of genetic research, to assess the impact of research results on human behavior and the system of regulation of genetic testing in healthcare in general.

A Case of Concurrent Molybdenosis, Secondary Copper, Cobalt and Selenium Deficiency in a Small Sheep Herd in Northern Germany.

Simple SummaryMineral deficiencies are very widespread among small ruminant herds throughout the world and play a big role in small ruminant herd health management. This paper describes the occurrence of a primary molybdenosis causing secondary copper deficiency, combined with ovine white liver disease (cobalt deficiency) and white muscle disease (selenium deficiency) in a group of pastured ram lambs in Northern Germany. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first proven report of multiple trace element deficiencies in sheep in Germany for decades.To the author’s knowledge this paper describes the first proven report of a combined primary molybdenosis, secondary copper (Cu) deficiency, Ovine White Liver Disease—Cobalt (Co) deficiency, and selenium (Se) deficiency in a small pedigree herd of White Horned Heath sheep in Germany (8 ewes, 2 rams, 3 yearling ewes, 17 lambs) for decades. Clinical signs associated with these mineral deficiencies in a group of pastured ram lambs included emaciation, conjunctivitis, anaemia, growth retardation, discolouration of the wool and photodermatitis. Morbidities and mortalities arose in 4–6-month-old lambs despite intensive veterinary treatment in the summer of 2014 and 2015 (n = 13, 23% died). Se (3/5), Cu (4/7), and Co (3/3) deficiencies in combination with elevated values for Molybdenum (Mo, 2/2) were found. Hamburg is a large industrial city and an input of heavy metals from surrounding industries and coal-fired power stations in combination with a sandy, non-fertilised soil and monoculture grass species might offer a potential explanation for the severity of mineral deficiencies observed in this herd.

ASSESSMENT OF CARCINO¬GENIC RISK TO PUBLIC HEALTH FROM AIR POLLUTION WITH FORMALDEHYDE IN THE CITY OF ZAPORIZHZHYA

The city of Zaporizhzhya is one of the most technologically advanced cities in Ukraine with significant scientific, technical and production potential. The city's industry is based on the metallurgical complex, which has a great influence on the state of the atmospheric air. This problem is of particular relevance in the Zavodskoy and Voznesenovsky districts of the city with a significant concentration of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises, which certainly emphasizes the relevance of solving issues of protecting the health of the population living in these areas.
 The article examines the assessment of the carcinogenic risk to the health of the population of the Zavodskoy and Voznesenovsky districts from the impact of formaldehyde emissions.
 The composition of emissions from stationary sources of industrial enterprises contains a variety of chemical compounds, of which the most common are suspended matter (aerosols, dust), carbon monoxide (II), nitrogen oxide (IV), formaldehyde and others. Their ingress into the human body leads to a deterioration in health, damage to organs and systems, the occurrence of chronic diseases.
 The results of calculations of the individual and population carcinogenic risk to the health of the population in Zavodskoy and Voznesenovsky districts under acute and chronic exposure indicate an average level of risk (10-4<ICR<10-3), that is, acceptable for professional groups and unacceptable for the general population, typical for most large industrial cities. The emergence of such a risk requires the development and implementation of planned health measures.
 Comparing the average individual carcinogenic and population levels of risk to public health in the two study areas with acute and chronic exposure, it can be noted that the level of carcinogenic risk in Voznesenovsky district is higher than in Zavodskoy.

To the question of the reasons for the activation of the epidemic process of Мeasles at the stage of elimination of infection and the forecast of the situation in the near and long term

Introduction. Measles infection in recent years has become particularly relevant in connection with the registration of outbreaks of this disease in various territoriesof the Russian Federation and abroad.The aim of the study is to characterize the epidemic process of measles in a large industrial city in the near and long term with the use of modern mathematical modeling technologies for making new management decisions on infection control at the elimination stage.Materials and methods. The research materials were data from statistical reports of measles incidence in Yekaterinburg from 1950 to 2019 (70 years of follow-up), medical documentation of measles cases, population vaccination data (form No. 6 for 2000—2018 and outpatient maps of children under two years of age vaccinated against measles), results of screening for measles IgG ofmedical organizations, data of planned serological monitoringof population immunity to measles in «indicator» groups in the period from 2013 to 2017 and the results of mathematical modeling of measles incidence in different scenarios of its prevention.Results. Under the influence of vaccination, the epidemic process of measles in Yekaterinburg — a city with a population of 1.5million inhabitants-has undergone significant changes. During the observation period, the incidence decreased to sporadic levels, there was no indigenous measles, drifts from endemic areas had no consequences, the epidemic process was under control. However, outbreaks of 72 cases in 2016 and 90 cases in 2019 have changed our view of measles as a eradicated infection.Of the factors that led to the spread of infection in the foci, the most significant were the presence of measles-susceptible children and adults, including those previously vaccinated, mainly in the periods remote from vaccination and revaccination, defects in the clinical diagnosis of measlesin the first and subsequent cases, and violations in the organization and conduct of anti-epidemic measures. Conclusion. Based on the data of mathematical modeling of the epidemic process of measles with different combinations of its determinants, for the elimination of infection, it is necessary to ensure vaccination against measles at the age of 1 year and 6 years in 95—97.5%. In vulnerable groups for infection to discuss the introduction of routine revaccination among people up to 50 years of age with an interval of 10 years.

Structural-dynamic analysis of indicators for survival and life expectancy in the population of industrial city

An assessment of sustainability of urban socio-ecological system development may be carried out based on the analysis of indicators from the mortality and life expectancy tables that are widely used as the systemic indicators for the levels of territorial socio-economic development and the quality of life and health of the population. Aim. The aim of the study was to perform the structural-dynamic analysis and assessment of survival rates and life expectancy in the population of Angarsk, a large industrial city in the Irkutsk region, for the post-Soviet period. Material and Methods. The short tables of population mortality rates for the period of 1990–2019 were calculated based on official data from the Federal State Statistic Service. The epidemiological analysis of survival rates, life expectancy, and its component composition was carried out according to the method of C. Chandra Sekar. Results. The population aged under 29 years had the highest survival rates in 2016–2019 and the lowest survival rates in the first half of the 1990s. Older working age cohorts demonstrated the highest survival rates in 1990–1991 and the lowest survival rates in 2003–2004. Cohorts of retirement-age men showed the highest survival rates in the mid-2010s whereas female cohorts had the highest rates mostly in 2018–2019; the lowest survival rates were observed in 1994–1996. The life expectancy rates decreased in men of almost all age groups in 1995; the most significant decreases were observed in the groups of 30–54 year-old men and 40–54, 60–69, and 85–89 year-old women. The second pronounced decrease in the life expectancy rates occurred in 2005: the rates significantly decreased (by 6.8 years) in the cohorts of men aged 20–44 and 50–54 years. The most pronounced decreases in life expectancy of women were observed in age groups of 15–34, 40–44, 50–54, and 85–89 year-olds in 2001. Conclusion . In the 1990s and during the first half of the 2000s, the systemic socio-economic crisis caused pronounced decreases in the rates of survival and life expectancy in various age groups of the population of Angarsk. The dynamics of studied demographic indicators in 2010–2019 was characterized by a steady linear growth. Further changes in the indicators will depend on the extent of impact of unfolding COVID-19 pandemic on the population and pandemic-triggered crisis-related phenomena in the socio-economic sphere.

Local Monitoring of Saprotrophic Bacterial Complexes of Urban Soils in Syktyvkar in 2019 and 2020

sAbundance and diversity of cultivated bacteria in saprotrophic soil complexes were monitored for two years on the territory of one of the large industrial cities of the European North of Russia, Syktyvkar. The analysis was carried out before and after quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The city of Syktyvkar is characterized by a high population and intensive anthropogenic pressure. According to the total indicators of the current state of the environmental components, it should belong to the tense category, by environmental standards. Studies were conducted in 2019–2020. Topsoils (0–10 cm) of urbanozems and horizon A in the park area in the urban space, as well as zonal undisturbed podzolic soil, were analyzed. Comparison of the two-year monitoring results demonstrated a marked increase in the number and diversity of saprotrophic bacterial complexes in 2020 in both urban and control soils (topsoil, 0–10 cm). Due to a sharp and prolonged decrease in the anthropogenic impact on the environment during quarantine measures, content of the bacteria of the families Enterobacteriaceae including sanitary-indicative (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis) and opportunistic and allergenic (Enterobacter agglomerans, Citrobacter europaeus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Serratia marcescens, etc.) in the urbanozems decreased. This can be considered as a manifestation of the soil’s ability to “self-remediate” during a decrease in anthropogenic impact on the environment.

Self-restoration of woody plants in the conditions of the Botanical Garden of Dnipro National University

It is impossible to overestimate the importance of parks in large industrial cities. The problem of preservation of local flora together with cultivation of introduced species is more actual. The species composition of seed self-restoration of woody plants in the forest park and park parts of the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University was analyzed in order to determine the ratio of introduced and autochthonous species and whether the introduced species pose a threat to aboriginal flora. Quantitative and qualitative state of seed self-restoration determined. As a result of the research it was established that in the forest-park and park zones of the Botanical Garden artificial stands are capable of forming a sufficient number of viable undergrowth of autochthonous and introduced species, among which mainly aboriginal species dominate. The ratio of indigenous species to introduced ones in different parts of the park and forest park is 57–76 % and 24–43 %, respectively. There is no special competition between indigenous and introduced species. Each species of woody species has adapted well to the conditions of the ecotope and to the conditions of its place of growth. Bioecological features of wood species in the plantations are not an obstacle to the development of the internal space of the ecotope, but 43 % of self-regenerating woody plants in trial area 1 are introduced species, so further observation is needed.

СТРУКТУРА И ДИНАМИКА БЮДЖЕТА ГОРОДА ЧЕЛЯБИНСКА В 1950–1980-е гг.

In the history of Soviet urban finance of the second half of the 20th century, the example of Chelyabinsk shows two periods of the most intensive growth of budget revenues in large industrial cities. These are the second half of the 1950s, when the city budget of Chelyabinsk grew by 136 % over five years, and the period of perestroika — 123 % over the same five years. In other time, the growth was much less rapid and sometimes even gave way to temporary declines. The structure of urban income has undergone a significant evolution from mainly local sources of income in the early 1950s to almost complete dependence on deductions from higher budgets by the end of the 1980s. The system of local taxes and fees has been constantly stagnating during the period under review, since the possibility of replenishing the city budget with deductions from all-Union taxes made the city authorities not interested in its intensification. This, in turn, led to the fact that the city budget was mainly used to finance public expenditures, such as the maintenance of health and education systems. That is why the city authorities were significantly limited in terms of spending budget funds for the actual city needs. And these needs in the form of a catastrophically increasing cost of maintaining the city’s housing and communal services steadily grew and became the largest item of expenditure in the city budget. This approach to budget policy and local finance made Soviet urban settlements subsidized, and even if real budget deficits were not often reached, dependence on external sources of income became one of the most important factors that hindered urban development.

Efficiency and safety of heavy metals in animal nutrition

The current ecological situation in large industrial cities is characterized by a negative impact on all elements of ecosystems, among which heavy metals are priority. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of manganese load on the body of laboratory animals. The study was performed on female rats of mature age (3 months) weighing 200±10 g (n=18). The study evaluated the oral administration of manganese sulfate for 28 days using the behavioral and cognitive functions of laboratory animals using tests “Open field”, “Light-dark transition test” and the installation “Water maze test”. In animals, there was a decrease in interest in examining holes, an increase in acts of defecation and grooming, and a manifestation of passive fear in the new environment. The results of the “Water maze test” showed violations of spatial memory and the learning process in animals receiving manganese sulfate. It can be concluded that the salt of manganese sulfate has a negative effect on the central nervous system of animals.

DETERMINATION OF BACKGROUND NOISE WHEN DESIGNING SANITARY PROTECTION ZONES AND AIRPORT ZONES

When hygienic standards for regulating noise factor in the environment are developed in accordance with the existing regulatory-methodical base, it is necessary to take into account all possible sources of noise that are located in close proximity to an object that produces adverse effects (noise exposure). Noise produced by such sources is taken into account as background one. It is especially important to take background noise into account when designing zones with specific purpose for their use (specific zones) and in a case when noise is a priority exposure factor (in particular it is true for sanitary protection zones (SPZ) and zones near airports and airfields (airport zones or AZ) or when examining project data. The present work generalizes methodical approaches to taking background noise into account and also dwells on a procedure for combining calculated and instrumental data via energy summation. It contains results obtained via testing this combined methodical approach on a large industrial enterprise located in a large industrial city. As per acoustic calculation results noise levels varied from 29.7 dBA to 44.4 dBA within boundaries of an established sanitary protection zone. Instrumental measurements performed in a zone influenced by the examined enterprise at two control points located in the closest residential area showed noise levels varying from 40-43 dBA (at night) to 48-50 dBA (during a day). Having compared calculated and field data, we obtained discrepancies for the control points that varied from 1.0 dBA to 27.0 dBA and it allowed obtaining summated (aggregated) noise level varying from 40.4 to 51.0 dBA accordingly at the control points within the SPZ. Our experience and methodical approaches to calculating and assessing background noise exposure will allow meeting legal requirements on taking side sources of noise exposure into account as background noise within specific zones and passing sanitary-epidemiologic examinations with satisfactory results.

Green Infrastructure of Post-USSR Cities for Prevention of Noise Pollution

The green infrastructure provides many different benefits for the environment and for human well-being. One of these benefits – protecting from noise pollution. The study of the deterioration of the ecological situation in cities is associated not only with the study of natural but also with physical environmental factors of natural and artificial origin. Increasingly, physical factors are defined as risk factors for the urban population and belong to the group of anthropogenic factors. Increased urbanization, mechanization of processes and the development of the transport network are intensifying influences for citizens. Territorial organization of the urban landscape in post-USSR cities, is quite complex and has signs of spontaneous formation, without protective function of green infrastructure from noise pollution. The aim of this research is to measure noise levels in Moskovsky district in Kharkiv, Ukraine. Kharkiv is a large industrial city and noise pollution is a considerable factor of influence on the environment. Based on these tasks, we have analyzed noise pollution in Moskovsky district in Kharkiv. Were identified 80 experimental points. Noise measurement was performed using an instrument “Digital Sound Level Meter”. Was made the noise maps for working day and weekend in the mornings and in the evenings. For mapping was used QGIS instrument interpolation. The normal level of noise for this district is 60-70 according to the Ukrainian normative document. The WHO recommends the level of noise less than 20-30 decibels. According to this also was analyzed the change in the noise level in the zones of green spaces and was studied the objects of green infrastructure witch reduce noise in the cities.

Muslim Immigration to France in the 20th Century: Causes, Cycles, Problems

The article devoted to the problem of Muslim immigration in France in the 20th century. The focus is on the causes of Muslim immigration, its cycles, specificity and consequences for modern French society. Based on a comparison of various statistical data, it stated that Muslim immigration is an integral part of three large waves of immigration flows that took place from the end of the 19th to the end of the 20th centuries. The article notes the correlation of the number of Muslim immigrants in France with the global numbers of immigrant arrivals to the country. However, if in the first two waves their number depended on the economic needs of the French economy (Muslims came to earn money), then during the third wave other factors came into play — the creation of stable communities, family reunification, going on stage second and third generations of immigrants, social problems of their arrangement and adaptation to French legal norms and customs. The article notes the specificity of the geographical concentration of the Muslim population, which takes place either near large industrial centers and cities (which makes it easier to find work and social protection), or in places of proximity to their native countries (southern France). Special attention paid to the problem of the evolution of state policy in the admission and integration of immigrants, when various methods tired from assimilation, the adoption of quotas to the policy of flexible regulation of immigration and expulsion of illegal immigrants from the country. The article analyzes the position of the Muslim community in France, the role of Muslim associations in its life, the impact on the socio-cultural life of the French. It can stated that Islam has become the second religion in France, which determines its position — a stable presence in socio-economic life (employment, the spread of the social protection system to immigrants), political (the right to vote, the possibility of creating associations, manifestations), religious (the possibility of worship), cultural (the formation of a specific immigrant subculture).

Risk analysis of migrant workers in the host community of a large industrial city

Risk analysis of migrant workers in the host community of a large industrial city

PROFESSOR ROMAN ROMANOVYCH VYRZHYKIVSKY. To the 130th anniversary of the birthday

Among geologists of the 20—30 years of the twentieth century. the leading place in Ukraine was occupied by the repressed in 1937, professor Roman Romanovych Vyrzhykivsky (1891—1937). At the Kiev University of St. Vladimir, he was a very capable student of N.I. Andrusov and the famous petrographer and mineralogist, professor, later academician V.I. Luchitsky. In the history of geological science, R.R. Vyrzhykivsky entered as a researcher of the Black Sea region, and the south-west of the European part of the USSR (Ukraine, Moldova), as well as a talented organizer of geological work, a brilliant surveyor geologist, tectonist and an outstanding hydrogeologist. The scientist was the head of geological survey work in Transnistria and prepared for printing the first geological map of 10 versts scale — «Transnistria» (Dniester region). Later, this map became the basis for prospecting and exploration of mineral deposits in Transnistria. In the studied region, he first discovered numerous deposits of phosphorites, cement raw materials, kaolin, flint, building sands, sandstones, tripoli, lithographic stone and underground drinking water. At the same time, the young scientist described for the first time a unique ridge of reef limestones of Middle Sarmatian age, which he traced in the meridional direction from the lower reaches of the river Kamenka along its left bank to the north, in Podillia. In the Shargorod region of Transnistria (Dniester region), the scientist found Paleogene marine deposits, and he identified the Podolsk stage in the Miocene layers of Podolia. In a number of scientific works of Roman Romanovich, data are presented in the field of fault-block tectonics and neotectonic movements of Transnistria and the Black Sea region. R.R. Vyrzhykivsky also considered the issue of modern transgressions of the Black Sea in the most complete way. This work of the scientist was one of the first evidence of the manifestation of the latest tectonic movements in the region of the Northern Black Sea region and the Black Sea. R.R. Vyrzhykivsky rightfully belongs to the galaxy of the greatest scientists—hydrogeologists of Ukraine and Moldova. In particular, he laid the foundations for the hydrogeological zoning of the territory of Moldova for the first time. Within Moldova, he identified the Middle Sarmatian, Cretaceous and Silurian water-saturated horizons. Merits of R.R. Vyrzhykivsky in the field of hydrogeological problems of Ukraine can hardly be overestimated. He made a huge practical contribution to the water supply of large industrial cities and agglomerations of the country. In 1932 R.R. Vyrzhykivsky published the monograph «Hydrogeology» in Ukrainian, which played a huge role in the training of national hydrogeologists. In it, he for the first time presented the results of the hydrogeological zoning of the territory of Ukraine. It is important that the hydrogeological zoning scheme, with minor changes, is still being used by the hydrogeologists of our country.