Large Processing Research Articles

Historical Gulfs, Strategic Bridges: A Pragmatic-Symbolic Analysis of the GSOMIA Between Japan and South Korea

Abstract In 2016, Japan and South Korea signed the General Security of Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA)—the first military agreement between the two countries. The agreement called for the sharing of military intelligence concerning North Korea and its missile and nuclear programs. Despite numerous similarities between Japan and South Korea and their shared concerns, the process of signing the GSOMIA was strewn with controversies and setbacks that continue to haunt it long after the signing. This paper aims to understand the interplay between the pragmatic considerations and the symbolic meanings that affected the dynamics surrounding the GSOMIA. The analysis relies on a theoretical framework we offer by linking constructivism with collective memory theory. This approach, we argue, best explains why historical disputes have become extremely influential in Japan-South Korea relations, particularly during the GSOMIA process. It is also argued that, in such a context, the main advantage of the GSOMIA is its limited scope. The agreement is potentially a trust-building mechanism. By partially setting historical differences aside, both countries can build a stronger foundation for regional stability. This, in turn, can serve as a trust-building exercise within a larger process that could help them find an acceptable solution to their difficult shared past.

Dual-Language Sentiment Analysis: A Comprehensive Evaluating SVM, Logistic Regression, XGBoost, and Decision Tree Using TF-IDF On Arabic and English Dataset

Sentiment analysis (SA) is a growing area of study that straddles a number of disciplines, including machine learning, data mining, and natural language processing. It is focused on the automatic extraction of viewpoints presented in a certain text. Many studies have been conducted in the area of sentiment analysis because to its broad uses, particularly on texts in English, whereas other languages like Arabic have gotten less attention. The Arabic language presents several difficulties, such as its rich morphology and the difficulty of tracing words back to their original roots. Arabic comments have been analyzed and categorized into good and negative attitudes using a framework. With the aim of evaluating any tweet, opinion, purpose, or reputation, such as a university, company, mobile, and others, the research analyzes the comments made by users of the social networking site Twitter. It does this by using classification technology and machine learning, which are among the fundamental tasks of the data mining process used in the larger process, which is to explore knowledge . This search helps the user to access the evaluation of other users through their tweets and comments on the social networking site for an opinion immediately and automatically, and then the process of uploading and evaluating the opinions using appropriate algorithms for this purpose as(Decision Tree classifier DTC , XGboost, Logistic Regression LR, Support Vector Machine SVM )with Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency TF_IDF

The Transitivity of Jungkook Song Lyrics “Hate You”

A song is a series of poems that have a certain meaning. Through a song, listeners can feel different emotions. In a song, songwriters usually include their feelings into the lyrics, so that listeners can understand the meaning of the song. However, it is not uncommon for people to just listen to a song without understanding the meaning of the song. Therefore, this research discusses the transitivity system type process in Jungkook's song lyrics. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The purpose of this research is to find out the most dominating type of transitivity process in the song "Hate You" by Jungkook BTS. The data used in this research are Jungkook's song lyrics. Based on the study results, 31 transitivity processes were identified in the lyrics of the song "Hate You" by Jungkook. The most widely used transitivity in Jungkook's song lyrics is the mental process consisting of affective, cognitive, and perceptive. They were followed by the material process as the second largest process with 8 data points. Then, in the third position, is the existential process with five data points. Furthermore, the behavioral process occupies the 4th position with 2 data points. And finally, there is one verbal process data. This shows that the theme raised in a song will affect the purpose of its transitivity.

Introduction: participatory knowledge co-production

ABSTRACT This special Forum presents three articles that demonstrate efforts at participatory knowledge co-production. The three experiences were successful in the modest sense that they provided meaningful agency for participants and their knowledge roles, though in different ways. All three articles comment on the participatory turn that emphasizes an increasing role in public participation in scientific and policy data knowledge production and acknowledge that participation can have diverse meanings, contingent on the interests of the groups involved. This can mean a performative participation with coercive means to achieve particular goals with the participants or the groups that they represent; alternatively, participation can mean liberatory approaches that are designed to remove oppressive structures from disenfranchised populations and shift power to them. The cases here add nuance to critiques of power. Two cases demonstrate how participants are molded to conform to institutional power structures, though at least some participants find that shift (and recognition of their contribution) legitimizing and desirable. While each considers the relevance of participation for democracy, they highlight differences in values related to democracy, as regards whether participation is the endpoint value in democracy, or else whether democracy is a larger process towards redistributing power towards achieving equity and justice.

STUDY OF LOGICAL OPERATIONS IN VECTORS OF A CIRCUIT OF HYPERCUBE

Parallel structure and switching circuit have become a fundamental theme in the concern of Artificial Intelligence and interconnection network and also it is revealed to be critical when researching in high performance. This Study helps to the process of breaking down larger process into normal form and independent secondary module, which helps to perform operations with various properties such as atomicity, consistency; isolation and switching features. They also help for manage and tune processing during faults in architecture, the results of which are combined upon completion as part of an overall algorithm. In this paper firstly we select the independent small module of hypercube then represent into data structure and apply logical operations into vectors

BIOETHICS AND BUDDHISM: THE HEART OF BUDDHIST ETHICS

The principle of applying thoughts and concepts in the real world to address biomedical problems is shared by both bioethics and Buddhism. Because philosophy is like a therapy that relieves human suffering, the Buddha stressed the usefulness of Buddhist ethical teachings. As a result, the Buddha avoided speculative metaphysics and placed an emphasis on practical ethics, which includes the eightfold way to end suffering in humans. Philosophical thought, which includes ethical thinking, is particularly intended to improve human existence by integrating its philosophical ideas into everyday activities. The formation of a Buddhist ethics that is truly universal and shamelessly normative is a larger process that needs to occur, and it is my hope that this book will just be a small part of it. Such an ethics is necessary in the world, both practically and philosophically. Theoretically, Buddhist ethics require application to a wide range of problems as well as a concise but universal explanation. More topics of public relevance exist than he has even able to touch on briefly in this book. These need to be discussed in much greater detail from a Buddhist perspective. The implementation of Buddhist principles in daily life is rather sporadic. Although there are some Buddhists who take ethics very seriously, they frequently only do so in regard to their own practice. This method promotes the idea that Buddhist ethics is primarily on personal purity, despite the fact that Buddhism's core values are in total opposition to such a focus. Buddhism should be tackling these issues if it is interested in the universal human problems.

Sociology and the Vagrant: Beggars, Welfare and Tradition in Writing about the New Citizen in 1950s India

Exploring the work of M.S. Gore and the Delhi School of Social Work on Delhi’s ‘Beggar Problem’, which was published in 1959, this article shows how the ostensibly ‘secular’ solutions to the phenomenon were premised on a series of assumptions about caste-oriented mores and traditions of religious gifting, suggesting normative categories of citizenship based around these forms of identity. The article explores, in depth, the sociological approaches of Gore’s (and others’) study of beggary and argues that the emergent social policy on vagrancy connected to emergent concepts of social citizenship and rights to welfare. In the body of the reformable beggar receiving indiscriminate religious charity lay one of the core symbols of India’s drive towards a modern citizenry. This position on the sociology of beggars was also the product of two larger processes at work in mid twentieth century social sciences: firstly, the development of interdisciplinary approaches by anthropologists and sociologists as they came to terms with new research challenges in democratic India, and secondly, the move to consider new forms of direct social policy applications for research, via government sponsorship. Using Gore’s study, the article looks in detail at researchers’ concerns with labour productivity, religious charity and the possible secular forms of beggar rehabilitation. But ultimately, the School of Social Work’s study, in its apparent critique of draconian colonial controls, did not overturn the continued application of Indian anti-beggary laws in subsequent decades. This article argues that this was a product too of its configuration of social welfare as an outcome of longer-term societal change rather than state policy.

Between Global History and Microhistory: Rethinking Histories of “Small Spaces” and Cities

AbstractHow can historians of “small spaces” and cities focus on local events and issues and at the same time carry on conversations with peers in a disciplinary mode marked by the spatial expansiveness of global history, on one hand, and a focus on objects and individuals of microhistory on the other? At stake here are key questions connected with the intellectual value of place-based knowledge and detailed single-site historical case studies. I argue that as long as we are caught between the positivist idea that causal regularity and time-place independence of explanatory mechanisms are the hallmark of theory, and the postmodernist resistance to generalizations, histories of cities and other small spaces will suffer from “defanged empiricism.” This problem is particularly debilitating for non-global histories of small spaces and cities of the global South, which often “do not travel well.” Is there a way out? I argue that a critical engagement with the stratified ontologies of critical realism— in particular, a version that I call “soft critical realism”—and Charles Tilly’s “deep order” can enable historians of small spaces and cities to re-situate their research at the heart and center of social theory, and simultaneously strike a better balance between attention to local details, the narrative form, and engagement with larger processes, concepts, and theories. Finally, I concretize the discussion by offering the example of how my own research on late colonial and early postcolonial Calcutta has benefitted from this approach.

Social Evolution: Theoretical Aspects and General Outlines

The present article is devoted to social evolution both as a part of macroevolution and as a specific process that have led humanity to outstanding successes and heights (while creating in the meantime serious crises and major problems). The article examines important theoretical aspects of social evolution within the framework of a more general approach, which we call evolutionary studies. The authors give a definition of social evolution, examine its most important mechanisms, compare it with biological evolution, introduce the concept of social aromorphosis, and analyse the concept of unilinear and multilinear evolution. We show that only by considering the evolution as multilinear one can identify the major trends and patterns of social evolution and evolution in general. The authors view social evolution both as changes in a relatively local and not so long-term perspective and as a larger process that we call social macroevolution. In our understanding, social macroevolution is a special dimension of social evolution that encompasses a series of the most important and milestone transformations that have led to the emergence and development of the World System (and, accordingly, a theory that focuses on their analysis). The genesis of the World System and a number of its further changes are the key elements of the social macro-evolutionary process. Moreover, the emergence of the World System was not only the most important result of the entire previous course of social evolution, but also became, in a certain sense, the threshold beyond which it is absolutely necessary to distinguish social macroevolution as a special supra-social part of social evolution (i.e., the part that no longer relates to the level of only individual society). The main trends of macroevolution, such as the irreversibility of evolution, its particular direction, variability, are expressed both in the systemic features and in the transformations of the World System. The article was prepared as a part of the research work of the state task of the RANEPA.

GPR19 Coordinates Multiple Molecular Aspects of Stress Responses Associated with the Aging Process.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a significant role in controlling biological paradigms such as aging and aging-related disease. We have previously identified receptor signaling systems that are specifically associated with controlling molecular pathologies associated with the aging process. Here, we have identified a pseudo-orphan GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor 19 (GPR19), that is sensitive to many molecular aspects of the aging process. Through an in-depth molecular investigation process that involved proteomic, molecular biological, and advanced informatic experimentation, this study found that the functionality of GPR19 is specifically linked to sensory, protective, and remedial signaling systems associated with aging-related pathology. This study suggests that the activity of this receptor may play a role in mitigating the effects of aging-related pathology by promoting protective and remedial signaling systems. GPR19 expression variation demonstrates variability in the molecular activity in this larger process. At low expression levels in HEK293 cells, GPR19 expression regulates signaling paradigms linked with stress responses and metabolic responses to these. At higher expression levels, GPR19 expression co-regulates systems involved in sensing and repairing DNA damage, while at the highest levels of GPR19 expression, a functional link to processes of cellular senescence is seen. In this manner, GPR19 may function as a coordinator of aging-associated metabolic dysfunction, stress response, DNA integrity management, and eventual senescence.

Mediated Social Support for Distress Reduction: AI Chatbots vs. Human

The emerging uptake of AI chatbots for social support entails systematic comparisons between human and non-human entities as sources of support. In a between-subject experimental study, a human and two types of ostensible chatbots (using a wizard of oz design) had supportive conversations with college students who were experiencing stressful situations during the pandemic. We found that when compared with a less ideal chatbot (i.e., low-contingent chatbot), (1) the human support provider was perceived with more warmth, which directly reduced emotional distress among participants; (2) the ideal chatbot (i.e., high-contingent chatbot) was perceived to be more competent, which activated participants' cognitive reappraisal of their stressful situations and subsequently reduced emotional distress. The human provider and the ideal chatbot did not differ in users' perceived competence or warmth, although the human provider was more effective at activating participants' cognitive reappraisal. This study integrates human communication theories into human-computer interaction work and contributes by positioning and theorizing user perceptions of chatbots in a larger process from support sources with varying communication competence to users' cognitive and emotional responses, and ultimately to the stress outcome. Theoretical and design implications are discussed.

Ten Lessons for Effective Place-Based Climate Adaptation Planning Workshops

Community efforts to consider climate change within local planning processes are increasingly common. Place-based climate adaptation workshops are commonly employed tools within these larger processes. The research, to date, on these phenomena has yielded mixed results, and the empirical evidence regarding what makes these workshops more or less effective has been mostly based on small samples in disparate contexts. In an effort to seek consensus regarding what factors lead to effective workshop outcomes, including participant learning and the motivation to take action; improved adaptation planning processes and implementation; and the development or strengthening of positive relationships between the participants, twenty-two experienced climate adaptation workshop facilitators participated in a Delphi study involving iterative surveys followed by focus groups. In this short report, we present a synthesis of consensus-based recommendations resulting from the Delphi study for enhancing place-based climate adaptation workshop outcomes. These recommendations address recruitment; fitting the local context; adequately preparing the participants; clarifying the objectives; facilitation strategies; promoting local leadership, efficacy and accountability; and providing post-workshop support. We discuss the role of these strategies in developing feelings of collective efficacy, local leadership and accountability through social learning.

Long-term monitoring of Mount St. Helens micrometeorology.

The 1980 volcanic eruption of Mount St. Helens had profound impacts on the geology, hydrology, and ecology of its surrounding landscapes. Consequently, the event provided a unique opportunity to study ecological change over time in relation to abiotic factors. To better assess the role localized environmental conditions play in these larger processes, we have monitored micrometeorological conditions across six disturbance zones on Mount St. Helens created by the eruption. We deployed 823 environmental sensors at 191 sites from 1997 to 2022 to measure the temperature and relative humidity of aquatic (temperature only) and terrestrial habitats in these areas, collecting over 4.2 million measurements in total. Measurements were typically recorded every 30 min from late spring through mid-fall, with the exception being Spirit Lake, where temperatures have been measured hourly on a year-round basis since 2002. These data have been used to address two broad research questions: (1) how small-scale environmental conditions influence patterns of survivorship and/or establishment on Mount St. Helens post-eruption for a range of organisms, including plants, small mammals, birds, amphibians, arthropods, fish, and other aquatic biota, and (2) to quantify and compare these environmental conditions across different disturbance zones, which vary in disturbance type, intensity, and history of post-eruption secondary disturbances. Due to the repeatability of these measurements over many years, these data lend themselves to exploring the relationship between forest succession and microclimate, especially with respect to forest-dwelling organisms whose spread and demography are sensitive to temperature and relative humidity. In addition, this dataset could be used to investigate additional questions related to early succession, disturbance ecology, climate change, or volcano ecology. This dataset is available in the R data package MSHMicroMetR, which also includes an R Shiny data visualization and exploration tool. There is no copyright on the data; please cite this data paper Ecology when using these data.

Introduction: the Formation of Religious Minorities in Muslim Africa

Abstract Minorities are not defined by mere numbers but must be considered as emergent formations within their wider surroundings. As such, minorities are defined by the relations to their majorities, especially by the differences to, but also by their exchanges with them, which have an impact on their lives and communal identities. Minorities emerge in larger processes and narratives by which their surrounding societies render themselves into imagined communities and thereby partake in the remaking of the wider social fabric. Focusing on religious minorities in Muslim Africa, this introduction to the special issue provides a framework for how to understand how various minorities form and how their minority status impacts how they live their religion, see themselves as members of society, and make claims towards the state. The introduction moreover reviews the scholarly work done on the different religious minorities found within Muslim Africa and presents the essays included in the special issue. Considering the resulting social dynamics and their surrounding debates, we move beyond an understanding of Muslim Africa as coined solely by its Sunni Muslim majority.

Beyond bans: A political economy of used vehicle dependency in Africa

African countries serve as used vehicle dumping sites for advanced capitalist countries, undermining global and local goals to move toward safe and low-emissions transport. Africa’s used vehicle dependency is commonly explained in terms of push-pull factors linked to demand for new cars and stringent environmental policies in wealthier countries that make available used vehicles for export, the limited purchasing power for less-polluting new safer vehicles, and weak regulation of vehicle emissions in Africa, all of which sustain used vehicle import on the continent. Drawing on the Ghanaian case, we present an enhanced explanation that brings in the role of historical underinvestment in public transport and larger processes that channel public resources toward car-oriented transport and land use, marginalizing other modes of transport used by the majority. Using historically informed political economy analyses and drawing on interviews and grey literature including media and institutional sources, this paper makes two contributions. First, it advances used vehicle research by moving beyond the push-pull approach to incorporate the historical institutional drivers of used vehicle and automobile consumption generally in Africa. Second, it provides insight into why used vehicle import bans on their own are unlikely to lead to sustained environmental and public health benefits and instead recommends more holistic policies for shifting toward cleaner, safer and affordable public transport in Africa. Transport and land-use planning reforms and investment prioritizing public transit including minibus recapitalization programs, as well as mixed land use and transit-oriented development can help reduce used vehicle dependency and the harms it brings.

Reshaping the Role of CO2 in Propane Dehydrogenation: From Waste Gas to Platform Chemical

The valorization of CO2 appeals to the chemical industry due to the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and the ability to offer more renewable products. Propylene production is the second largest process in the chemical industry, and it strongly depends on fossil fuel feedstocks. Coupling CO2 reduction with propane dehydrogenation boosts conversion and produces CO, a valuable platform chemical currently synthesized by fossil-methane reforming. In this work, (i) we demonstrate the environmental benefits of coupling CO2 with a life-cycle assessment under industrial conditions, potentially reducing emissions by 3 tCO2-eq per ton of propylene produced. (ii) We screen supported catalytic materials─both known and novel─with a focus on propane and CO2 reaction mechanisms under industrial reaction conditions of 400–700 °C and pressures of 1–6 barg (redox: V, Galinstan, In, Mo, Mn, Bi, Sb, Ta; nonredox: Cr, Ga, co, Al, Zn, Au, Zr, Ag, W, La, Cu; and some alloy combinations). We evaluate each material under the kinetic regime, and we quantify reaction, side reaction, and deactivation kinetics (coking, cracking, and dry-reforming), as well as the regeneration ability. We then classify them based on their dominant mechanisms (direct CO2 assistance or indirect with H2 via reverse water gas shift) and identify each catalyst’s strengths and weaknesses. Finally, (iii) we correlate our database of experimental results of 22 active metals/metal oxides with the Tamman temperature and density functional theory (DFT)-based oxygen vacancy formation energies. We discovered that oxygen mobility plays a crucial role in the kinetics of reoxidation with CO2 and the overall balance of active sites related to dehydrogenation and reoxidation.

Liquidity: Water and Investment in Mandate Palestine

In this article, I illustrate two ways in which Zionist settlers appropriated water in Mandate Palestine. The first way was through the imposition of a new kind of property regime, one that measured and defined water rights in terms of volume. This differed from customary Palestinian practice, which distributed water in time-based shares. I argue that volume-based measures made water more easily bought and sold and, by extension, more like a commodity. The second method of appropriation I detail is the granting of concessions to generate hydroelectricity to the Palestine Electric Corporation. These concessions gave the company control over three of Palestine’s major rivers, which it then turned into an object of investment for foreign shareholders. As a result, water use cannot be understood separately from electricity during the Mandate. While these two processes might appear unrelated, I argue that they were both legalized methods of exclusion that, when taken together, reveal a larger process of gradual, albeit incomplete, dispossession of water resources. While Zionist settler colonialism legitimated itself by claiming to efficiently use natural resources, such as water, in actuality, it sustained itself by imposing exclusive property rights.

Landscape Changes of Rural Protected Landscape Areas in Czechia: From Arable Land to Permanent Grassland – From Old to New Unification?

Abstract The Czech rural landscape is a subject of research because it is affected by both intensification and extensification of land cover. This landscape was influenced in recent decades by political and socio-economic changes; we studied how these changes were reflected in the land cover development in protected areas. We selected ten Protected landscape areas (PLAs) with a significant share of open agricultural landscape and focused on land cover changes from the 1950s till the present with four milestones (1950s, 1990, 2004-2006, 2016-2019). Based on vectorised land cover data, analyses of land cover changes, land cover flows and landscape structure were performed. More than one third of the studied area had changed. Forests dominated and enlarged its extent (from 39 % to 47 %); land cover flow (LCF) from arable land to permanent grassland was the largest process during study period (17% of study area) and it expanded after 1990. Other major LCF is forest spreading on permanent grassland (5 %) and arable land (3 %). Trends of landscape metrics describing landscape structure are ambiguous and differ between PLAs. In total, Shannon’s diversity index (SDI), Shannon’s evenness index (SEI), and Mean Patch Size (MPS) increased and Number of Patches (NumP) decreased. SDI and SEI show improvement through time; however increasing anthropogenic areas are considered as factor contributing to this positive trend, despite the negative role of these categories in ecological stability. MPS and NumP show ongoing homogenization and unification of the landscape; however it differs between PLAs, with some having more favourable conditions and trends towards higher landscape heterogeneity. To conclude, homogenous landscape structure remains present in Czech rural PLAs; however, there has been a huge shift to more extensive agricultural land cover, which is similar to some European protected areas.

Stay at Work After a Period of Disability Due to an Occupational Injury: A Complex Process Marked by Social Exchanges.

Purpose Rooted in a social exchange lens, this study aimed to explore the interactions between the factors influencing stay at work after a period of disability due to an occupational injury. Methods Based on a descriptive interpretative research design, interviews with 15 participants (i.e., representatives of workers, workplaces, insurers, and the health care system) were conducted to gather their perspectives about stay at work. Qualitative data was analyzed through thematic analysis. Results Ten different factors interacting together and influencing stay at work were identified. These factors prevail either during stay at work or previously. They are either related to the person (personal resources, occupation outside of work), environment (accommodations, support, access to rehabilitation services) or interaction between the person and her/his environment (perceptions, leeway, communication and information), whether it concerns the workplace, health services or insurance. Conclusions This study contributes to the advancement of knowledge concerning two main themes: (1) the importance of considering social exchanges as factors of success, and (2) the importance of considering the stay at work within a larger process.

Gradual Goals of Energy Transformation and Upgrading in China’s Power Industry Considering Production Profiles

As the largest processing sector of primary energy, the transformation and upgrading of the power sector is undoubtedly an effective way to alleviate the situation of energy and environment. This article studies the gradual goals of the transformation and upgrading of China’s power industry, where the conditions of technical judgment, specific profile, and moderate agenda are incorporated. The empirical analysis of China’s provincial power sectors based on the constructed models came to the following results. First, it is of great importance to consider the profile of each region’s power sector in setting energy-saving and emission reduction targets. The analysis of variance demonstrates significant differences in the reference points of inputs and outputs under the 1% confidence level. Second, regardless of the specific quantity, the strongly consistent trends of the short- and long-term targets demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the gradual goals. Finally, realizing the potential of energy-saving and emission reduction needs a gradual pathway instead of accomplishing in one stroke. The targets of this study, which are attainable for the power sector and still represent a best practice, could serve as transitional benchmarks in power supply and emission reduction. To further achieve carbon neutrality, the management strategy to coordinate power supply and renewable energy accommodation needs to be transformed.