Large Pore Size Research Articles

Design a novel mixed-ligand Ni-MOF/MWCNT nanocomposite to enhance the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered considerable interest for supercapacitors as electrode materials. Although MOFs possess large pore sizes and high specific surface areas, most MOFs face major challenges due to their inferior stability and low electronic conductivity. In this study, we synthesized Ni-MOF/MWCNT nanocomposite using a mixed-ligand approach through hydrothermal method to provide more redox reaction sites, facilitate ion diffusion, increase the stability, and electronic conductivity of the electrode. Benzoic acid (BA) has partially replaced Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (BTC). BTC has been used to shape Ni-MOF nanosheets into flower-like microspheres, which can reduce the electron/ion diffusion path. The introduction of BA and combination of MWCNT and Ni-MOF result in high electric conductivity. Furthermore, the combination of two organic ligands, and the synergistic effect of MWCNTs and Ni-based MOFs lead to excellent electrochemical performance. The prepared Ni-MOF/MWCNT nanocomposite shows an outstanding capacitance of 900 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and excellent cycling stability with 82 % capacity etention over 1000 cycles. This study presents an innovative strategy for enhancing energy storage performance.

Tailored edible 3D porous scaffolds constructed by Pickering emulgel templating for cell-cultured fish meat

Cell-cultured fish meat have emerged as an innovative approach to resolving the issues in response to consumer demand. Food-grade scaffolds, which not only serve as the “comfortable home” for stem cells but also endow the final product with meat-like texture, play a vital role in the construction of cell-cultured fish meat. In this study, pea protein, an abundant and inexpensive plant protein, is used to construct edible three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds, which exhibit desirable stem cell proliferation and differentiation performance. Our findings demonstrate that it is feasible to apply the Pickering emulgel templating combined with double-crosslinking to the preparation of cell-cultured fish meat scaffolds. The pore structure of 3D porous scaffolds can be altered by varying the emulsification parameters on demand. The Pickering emulgels with large droplet size (around 40 μm) are conducive to the formation of 3D porous scaffolds with large enough pore size for the growth of stem cells. The now available result help to explore the plant protein-derived scaffolds, provide insights into the development of Pickering emulgel-based 3D porous scaffolds and illuminate the relationship between the structural characteristics of scaffolds and the biological functions of stem cells.

Dynamic Change Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Pore Gas and Water in Tight Reservoir of Yan’an Gas Field in Ordos Basin

Tight sandstone gas has become an important field of natural gas development in China. The tight sandstone gas resources of Yan’an gas field in Ordos Basin have made great progress. However, due to the complex gas–water relationship, its exploration and development have been seriously restricted. The occurrence state of water molecules in tight reservoirs, the dynamic change characteristics of gas–water two-phase seepage and its main controlling factors are still unclear. In this paper, the water-occurrence state, gas–water two-phase fluid distribution and dynamic change characteristics of different types of tight reservoir rock samples in Yan’an gas field were studied by means of water vapor isothermal adsorption experiment and nuclear magnetic resonance methane flooding experiment, and the main controlling factors were discussed. The results show that water molecules in different types of tight reservoirs mainly occur in clay minerals and their main participation is in the formation of fractured and parallel plate pores. The adsorption characteristics of water molecules conform to the Dent model; that is, the adsorption is divided into single-layer adsorption, multi-layer adsorption and capillary condensation. In mudstone, limestone and fine sandstone, water mainly occurs in small-sized pores with a diameter of 0.001 μm–0.1 μm. The dynamic change characteristics of gas and water are not obvious and no longer change under 7 MPa displacement pressure, and the gas saturation is low. The gas–water dynamic change characteristics of conglomerate and medium-coarse sandstone are obvious and no longer change under 9 MPa displacement pressure. The gas saturation is high, and the water molecules mainly exist in large-sized pores with a diameter of 0.1 μm–10 μm. The development of organic matter in tight reservoir mudstone is not conducive to the occurrence of water molecules. Clay minerals are the main reason for the high water saturation of different types of tight reservoir rocks. Tight rock reservoirs with large pore size and low clay mineral content are more conducive to natural gas migration and occurrence, which is conducive to tight sandstone gas accumulation.

Multifunctional CoCe/silica and CoMnCe/silica spinel ferrite nanocomposite: in vitro and in vivo evaluation for cancer therapy

Multifunctional magnetic spinel ferrite based on CoCe and CoMnCe/silica nanocomposites (NCs) were developed for targeted cancer therapeutics. The formation of spinel ferrite and co-existence of spinel ferrite/silica/chemo-drug, surface/pore size distribution, morphological features and magnetic properties were investigated using different characterization techniques. XRD pattern confirmed the pure phase of CoCe and CoMnCe spinel ferrite with estimated crystal size of 27.9 nm. After silica coating and pegylation, the crystal size of CoCe and CoMnCe increases to 36.3 nm and 76.2 nm. Nitrogen adsorption isotherm confirm an effective embedment of both spinel ferrites into silica with large surface area (653 m2/g and 718 m2/g) and uniform pore size distributions (6.1 nm and 6.9 nm). FT-IR spectra confirm the magnetic spinel ferrite/silica interactions (977, 1705 and 3410 cm−1), cisplatin functionalization (1645 cm−1) and PEG (1275–2900 cm−1). Coating SFNPswith Si and/or Cp and/or PEG, tunes the magnetic characteristics of the NCs system. For both CoCe and CoMnCe SFNPs, saturation magnetization (Ms) of 14.96 and 10.91 emu/g, residual magnetization (Mr) of 4.40 and 2.42 emu/g, Hc (coercivity) of 1072.1 and 719.3 Oe gradually diminish upon Si, respectively. The chemical state of CoMnCe SFNPs, CoCe SFNPs, their silica and active cisplatin NCs (Pt0 and Pt2+) were investigated using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The anti-cancer efficacy of pegylated nanoformulations were tested in in vitro cells (HeLa, HCT-116 and HEK-293) and Hemolysis assay. The toxicity of different nanoformulations administered in different concentrations (20–2000 mg/kg) in in vivo was estimated based on LD50 value.

Advancing Plastic Recycling: A Review on the Synthesis and Applications of Hierarchical Zeolites in Waste Plastic Hydrocracking

The extensive use of plastics has led to a significant environmental threat due to the generation of waste plastic, which has shown significant challenges during recycling. The catalytic hydrocracking route, however, is viewed as a key strategy to manage this fossil-fuel-derived waste into plastic-derived fuels with lower carbon emissions. Despite numerous efforts to identify an effective bi-functional catalyst, especially metal-loaded zeolites, the high-performing zeolite for hydrocracking plastics has yet to be synthesized. This is due to the microporous nature of zeolite, which results in the diffusional limitations of bulkier polymer molecules entering the structure and reducing the overall cracking of plastic and catalyst cycle time. These constraints can be overcome by developing hierarchical zeolites that feature shorter diffusion paths and larger pore sizes, facilitating the movement of bulky polymer molecules. However, if the hierarchical modification process of zeolites is not controlled, it can lead to the synthesis of hierarchical zeolites with compromised functionality or structural integrity, resulting in reduced conversion for the hydrocracking of plastics. Therefore, we provide an overview of various methods for synthesizing hierarchical zeolites, emphasizing significant advancements over the past two decades in developing innovative strategies to introduce additional pore systems. However, the objective of this review is to study the various synthesis approaches based on their effectiveness while developing a clear link between the optimized preparation methods and the structure-activity relationship of the resulting hierarchical zeolites used for the hydrocracking of plastics.

Impact of Rare Sugar D-Allulose on Hardening of Starch Gels during Refrigerated Storage.

The rare sugar D-allulose (Alu), with ca. 10% calories of sucrose (Suc), is a promising alternative sugar that can be used to improve the quality of starch gels in storage. The effects of Alu (compared to Suc) on the hardening and microstructural and molecular order of amylopectin-rich (glutinous rice (GR) and corn amylopectin (CAP)) and amylose-rich (corn (C)) starch gels were investigated. Alu and Suc both suppressed hardening in C gels, while Alu but not Suc was effective in GR and CAP gels. SEM results showed that Alu-containing GR and CAP maintained a relatively large pore size compared to Suc-containing gels. The deconvolution of FTIR spectra revealed that Alu-containing GR and CAP gels had lower ratios of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and higher ratios of loose hydrogen bonds than Suc-containing gels. For amylose-rich C gels, on the other hand, such tendencies were not observed. The influence of Alu on amylopectin-rich gels could be because Alu reduced the ratio of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which might be involved in amylopectin recrystallization, and increased that of loose hydrogen bonds. The results suggest that Alu is more effective than Suc in inhibiting the hardening of amylopectin-rich starch gels during refrigerated storage.

An Integrated Numerical Study of CO2 Storage in Carbonate Gas Reservoirs with Chemical Interaction between CO2, Brine, and Carbonate Rock Matrix

In light of the burgeoning interest in mitigating anthropogenic CO2 emissions, carbonate reservoirs have emerged as promising sequestration sites due to their substantial storage potentials. However, the complexity of CO2 storage in carbonate reservoirs exceeds that in conventional sandstone reservoirs, predominantly due to the rapid interactions occurring between the injected CO2, brine, and carbonate rock matrix. In this study, a numerical model integrated with the chemical CO2–brine–rock matrix interaction was developed to analyze the carbonate rock dissolution process and the physical property variations of different carbonate gas reservoirs during the CO2 injection and sequestration process. More specifically, a total of twenty scenarios were simulated to examine the effects of lithology, pore size, pore–throat structures, and CO2 injection rate on carbonate rock matrix dissolution and reservoir property variation. Calcite is significantly easier and quicker to react with CO2-solvated brine than dolomite; as a result, limestones exhibit an expedited rock dissolution and pore volume increase, along with a slower pressure buildup in comparison to dolomites. Also, the carbonate reservoir with a smaller pore size has a higher rock dissolution rate than one with a larger pore size. Furthermore, the simulation results show injected CO2 can modify the pore-dominant carbonate reservoir to a more pronounced extent than the fracture-dominant carbonate reservoir. Lastly, the carbonate rock dissolution is more obvious at a lower CO2 injection rate. The insights derived from this research aid evaluations related to CO2 injectivity, storage capacity, and reservoir integrity, thereby paving the way for environmentally and structurally sound carbon sequestration strategies.

In‐situ construction of Bi2O2CO3/MIL‐101(Cr) nanosheet catalyst for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic dye molecules from water

For nearly a century, the excessive discharge of organic contaminants has gradually polluted water and endangered people's health, and photocatalysis has been prominently employed to remove persistent recalcitrant organic. Here, MIL‐101(Cr) was firstly employed to introduce thin‐layered Bi2O2CO3 for the formation of Bi2O2CO3/MIL‐101(Cr) nanosheet composite, by a simple and low‐temperature in‐situ growth approach. The phase, morphology, optical, and surface characteristics of the fabricated composite were characterized through XRD, FTIR, SEM‐EDS, N2 adsorption–desorption, UV–Vis DRS, PL, TG, and XPS techniques, and the ability in the photocatalytic breakdown of rhodamine B (RhB) molecule under visible light was also studied. The results of characterization analysis and optical analysis exhibited that Bi2O2CO3/MIL‐101(Cr) has large pore size, good visible light response‐ability, and the heterojunction created by intercalating Bi2O2CO3 on MIL‐101(Cr). Photocatalytic studies revealed that Bi2O2CO3/MIL‐101(Cr) had superior RhB degradation activity than pure MIL‐101(Cr) and Bi2O2CO3, which achieved 97.1% with visible light irradiation for 20 mg/l RhB. Meanwhile, the Bi2O2CO3/MIL‐101(Cr) composite displayed good recyclability after three cycles as revealed by XRD and FTIR analysis proving their excellent stability. This study provides feasible insight into developing novel and efficient MIL‐101‐based heterojunction catalysts for environmental remediation in the future.

Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Transition Metal Dichalcogenides by Direct Organic–Inorganic Co‐Assembly

AbstractEndowing transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with mesoporous structure can greatly enhance their porosity, accessible specific surface area, and exposed active sites, leading to better performances in applications based on interfacial reactions. Current methods including hard‐template (nanocasting) method or thermal‐assisted conversion (TAC) still suffer from drawbacks such as cumbersome and environmentally unfriendly process, humidity sensitivity, or ill‐defined mesostructures. Herein, the study reports a facile synthesis of ordered mesoporous TMDs/carbon composites by direct organic–inorganic co‐assembly in dual solvent (DMF/H2O). The amphiphilic block copolymer polyethylene oxide‐b‐polystyrene (PEO‐b‐PS) is used as the organic template, and (NH4)2MoS4 or (NH4)2WS4 as the inorganic precursor. After solvent evaporation‐induced aggregation assembly and thermal treatments, it results in highly ordered mesoporous MoS2, WS2, and MoS2/WS2 with highly crystalline framework, high specific surface area (44‐91 m2 g−1) and large pore sizes (15–21 nm). Semiconductor gas sensors based on mesoporous TMDs exhibit extraordinary sensing performances toward NO2 at room temperature, including high sensitivity and ultrahigh selectivity, benefiting from its abundant adsorption sites for gas molecules, fast diffusion rate in well‐connected mesopores, and rich edge active sites. This work paves a facile way to develop novel ordered mesoporous TMDs‐based semiconductor materials for various applications.

Fast and facile sonochemical fabrication of covalent organic frameworks in water for the adsorption of flavonoids: Adsorption behaviors and mechanisms

Solvothermal synthesis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) typically requires high temperatures exceeding 120 °C, large amounts of toxic organic reagents, and reaction durations spanning 3–7 days. In contrast, a new COF (TFPPy-AD) was rapidly synthesized by the sonochemical method at room temperature within just 60 min, eliminating the need for toxic reagents. The characterization of the material showed that TFPPy-AD was successfully synthesized with notable features such as a large pore size, high crystallinity, and good thermal stability. Subsequent adsorption experiments highlighted the material's exceptional adsorption capacity and selectivity for flavonoids. The adsorption mechanism of flavonoids onto TFPPy-AD likely involves a combination of sieve interactions, hydrogen bonding interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and π-π interactions. This sonochemically synthesized COF exhibits promising attributes including high adsorption capacity, selectivity, and rapid adsorption rate for flavonoids, suggesting potential applications in the separation and purification of flavonoids in natural medicines.

Raw material design, sintering temperature optimization and development mechanism investigation of self-foaming porous bricks with high solid waste addition

In recent years, the contradiction between the huge production of municipal sludge and industrial residue and the shortage of landfill space has driven the exploration of novel effective methods to valorize these solid wastes. In this research, blast furnace slag (BFS), municipal sewage sludge (MSS) and kaolin are combined innovatively as precursor materials to manufacture self-foaming porous bricks, and the sintering behavior of bricks under different BFS doses and sintering temperatures is deeply studied to reveal the development mechanism. The results indicate that the formation of Fe2O3-hematite during sintering leads to a reddish-brown appearance of the bricks, while the generation of CaAl2Si2O8-anorthite with lower melting points helps to enhance the vitrification process. Besides, the increase in BFS dose or sintering temperature has significant impacts on the evolution of the brick physicochemical properties. This occurs because changing the dose of BFS or sintering temperature can obviously regulate the internal morphological characteristics of bricks, such as particle consolidation, pore size and structural compactness. Among them, large-sized pores are considered as the weak areas of mechanical strength, which is also the responsibility for the worst compressive strength of bricks sintered at 1300 °C. Finally, under the optimal sintering conditions of 15 % BFS dose and 1250 °C sintering temperature, the compressive strength, water absorption, apparent porosity, bulk density and linear shrinkage of the resulting brick are 65 MPa, 0.45 %, 2.50 %, 2.34 g/cm3 and 19.56 %, respectively. Overall results demonstrate that using recycled sludge and waste slag in brick manufacturing can produce products with desired performance, providing preferable solutions for solid waste valorization and sustainable brick production.

Evaluation of microplastic particle transmission in a microfiltration process using fluorescence measurements: Effect of pore size and flux

Microplastic (MP) pollution in the aquatic environment is widespread, with a significant fraction of these particles originating from municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents. Whereas membrane filtration processes are touted as an effective MP removal strategy, the rejection of irregularly-shaped plastic particles, similar to those found in WWTPs, is poorly understood. Here, we characterize the filtration of irregularly-shaped MP particles (∼10 μm) through Durapore® microfiltration membranes (0.45 and 5 μm pore sizes). These particles were produced via ball-milling/sieving processes from a fluorescent polyethylene feedstock, enabling particle concentrations to be quantified using a standard fluorometric plate reader. Permeate samples from the 0.45 μm membrane exhibited low fluorescent intensities relative to feed samples, implying minimal MP transmission. Conversely, appreciable MP transmission through the 5 μm membrane was noted, with sizable MPs (∼2–7 μm) found in the permeate. This transmission was exacerbated at higher fluxes which emphasizes how operating conditions can govern MP retention. Post-filtration analyses demonstrated that particle capture occurred largely at the feed-membrane interface, where greater MP intrusion into the membrane was seen at the larger pore size. These results reaffirm the importance of choosing an appropriate membrane/membrane pore size and operating conditions to maximize MP retention in WWTPs.

Visualization experimental study on evaporation heat transfer characteristics of an open evaporator with a tower-like porous wick

Temperature overshoot often occurs in loop heat pipe, which is caused by the large bubble in the compensation chamber. But it is still uncertain whether this large bubble grew from parasitic bubbles inside porous wick. A multi-layer tower-like porous wick is designed to understand the growth and expansion of parasitic bubbles. The parasitic bubbles are induced to occur inside porous wick by inserting a copper pillar on the evaporator wall, and the multi-layer porous wick is used to eliminate parasitic bubbles. The pumping stagnation occurs under certain heat loads, but temperature overshoot of the evaporator wall no longer occurs in the open evaporator with the tower-like porous wick, which guides the design of evaporator to avoid temperature overshoot. It is found that a lot of small bubbles only appears on the lower surface of porous wick immersed in liquid in the evaporator, while not appears on the upper surface. Three groups of repeated experiments are carried out sequentially and the performance of the evaporation heat transfer gradually deteriorates, which is speculated to be caused by a gap between porous wick and the copper pillar, larger pore size next to copper pillar, or poor wetting caused by copper pillar oxidation. Two different types of the evaporator overheating are discovered, including the overall retreat of the evaporating interface and dry-out region expanded from the internal of porous wick to the external. At high heat load, the evaporating interface expands along the copper pillar, causing an increase in the heat transfer coefficient of the evaporator. The research results indicate that in order to better utilize porous wick for evaporation heat transfer, it is necessary to reliably adhere porous wick to the heating surface and avoid the formation of the large bubble in the compensation chamber.

The buckwheat-derived hard carbon as an anode material for sodium-ion energy storage system

Biomass-derived hard carbon (HC) has attracted much attention as a promising electrode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its unique properties such as high porosity, large surface area and adjustable pore size distribution. This work presents the results of electrochemical studies of HC derived from buckwheat seeds. The HCs were preoxidized at 300 °C and synthesized using a pyrolysis method in the range 600–1400 °C. It was found that the electrochemical characteristics of the HC anodes are strongly dependent on the morphology and structure. Furthermore, the positive effect of preoxidation on the porosity of HC was confirmed. Although all buckwheat-derived HC-based anodes showed stable cyclability over 100 cycles with CE of approximately 97–98 %, the preoxidized HCs pyrolyzed at 1400 °C achieved the highest reversible capacity of 330.23 mAh g−1 with excellent stability. Additional study using “single particle” measurement of HC1400 and HCox1400 showed that the preoxidation may significantly contribute to the improvement of the mass transfer.

Fabrication of Hydrophobic PET Track-Etched Membranes using 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-Heptafluorobutyl Methacrylate for Water Desalination by Membrane Distillation

The world is currently facing a drinking water problem. Human activity, climate change and pollution of existing water bodies are exacerbating the problem. The scientists around the world are currently trying to purify water using effective and inexpensive methods. One such method is membrane distillation. Membrane distillation is a versatile thermally driven membrane separation process. This method of water purification has the potential to remove salts and other non-volatile components. The work is concerned with the desalination of salt solutions by membrane distillation using ion-track membranes based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET). PET ion-track membranes (PET TMs) were modified by photoinitiated graft polymerization of 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutyl methacrylate (HFBMA) to make them hydrophobic. Optimal polymerization conditions (monomer concentration, reaction time) were determined, which led to an increase of water CA from 51 to 105°. The obtained membranes were used to purify the solution from NaCl. The effect of salt concentration as well as membrane properties on performance and degree of purification was studied. The results show that large pore size PET TMs modified with HFBMA has the potential to desalinate water in an efficient manner.

Surface Modification of Polyethylene Terephthalate Track-Etched Membranes by 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-Dodecafluoroheptyl Acrylate for Application in Water Desalination by Direct Contact Membrane Distillation.

In this work, the surfaces of poly (ethylene terephthalate) track-etched membranes (PET TeMs) with pore sizes of 670-1310 nm were hydrophobized with 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-dodecafluoroheptyl acrylate (DFHA) by photoinitiated graft polymerization. Attenuated total reflection FTIR spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), and contact angle measurements were used to identify and characterize the TeMs. The optimal parameters for graft polymerization were determined as follows: polymerization time of 60 min, monomer concentration of 30%, and distance from the UV source of 7 cm. The water contact angle of the modified membranes reached 97°, which is 51° for pristine membranes. The modified membranes were tested for water desalination using direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) method. The effects of membrane pore size, the degree of grafting, and salt concentration on the performance of membrane distillation process were investigated. According to the results obtained, it has been concluded that large pore size hydrophobic TeMs modified by using DFHA could be used for desalinating water.

Template-sacrificing synthesis of hollow Co@C nanorods for excellent microwave absorption

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely used as microwave absorption (MA) materials owing to their varied structures and large specific surface area. However, it is still challenging to endow MOF derivatives with a rational structure to achieve outstanding microwave absorption. In this work, the hollow Co@C nanorods (HCCN) with lots of winding carbon nanotubes on the surface are obtained based on a template-sacrificing method which employs ZnO nanorods as templates and ZIF67 nanoparticles as ornaments. The HCCNs possess large pore size and specific surface area, efficiently improving the impedance matching. The 1D structure, abundant heterointerfaces and defects trigger strong conduction loss, interfacial and dipole polarization, respectively. Therefore, HCCNs exhibits excellent MA properties: the strong reflection loss of −66.8 dB at the thickness of 2.1 mm and the effective absorption bandwidth of 5.68 GHz at 2.5 mm. Radar cross section (RCS) simulation results have confirmed the practicality of HCCNs. This study proposes an inspiration for the structural designing of MOF materials and derivatives to realize amazing MA performance.

Efficient Self-Condensation of Cyclohexanone into Biojet Fuel Precursors over Sulfonic Acid-Modified Silicas: Insights on the Effect of Pore Size and Structure.

Mesoporous silica materials with different pore structures and sizes have been used for supporting aryl sulfonic acid catalytic sites via a postsynthetic grafting approach. The synthesized materials have been evaluated in the solventless acid-catalyzed self-condensation of cyclohexanone (CHO) to obtain the corresponding C12 adducts. These compounds display great potential as oxygenated fuel precursors as they can be transformed into jet fuel range alkanes in a subsequent hydrodeoxygenation process. In this work, the synthesized catalysts have displayed high selectivity values toward monocondensed compounds (>95%), thus limiting the formation of undesired heavier condensation products, together with CHO conversion values in the range 20-40% after 2 h of reaction at 100 °C. The structural and textural properties of the supports play an important role in the catalytic performance. Moreover, the activity per acid center is correlated with the textural properties of the supports, indicating that a lower surface density of the anchored aryl sulfonic groups affords an improvement in their specific activity. Finally, the benefit of using supports with large pore sizes and open structures, which limit the fouling of the catalysts by organic deposits, is demonstrated in a stability and reusability test.

Nano ZIF-67/PBA derived core-shell sulfides or phosphides for enhanced electrochemical performance of supercapacitors

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess large specific surface area, high porosity, and adjustable pore size, exhibiting a broad prospect in the field of supercapacitors. However, the poor stability and conductivity of MOFs limited their application in energy storage. The structure of MOF composites and their derivatives are beneficial for storing electric charge and boosting the diffusion of electrolyte ions. In this study, we prepared heterostructured ZIF-67/Prussian blue analogues (PBA) derived sulfides and phosphides using the hydrothermal and solid-phase phosphating method, respectively. The ZIF-67/PBA composites with an average particle size of approximately 1100 nm, retained the rhombic dodecahedral shape of ZIF-67. Compared with MOF-derived phosphides, MOF-derived sulfides more completely retained the rhombic dodecahedron morphology of ZIF-67/PBA and demonstrated good electrochemical performance, especially ZPS-3. The unique core-shell nanostructure provides more active sites and suitable ion transport paths for reversible oxidation-reduction reactions. In three-electrode system, the ZPS-3 electrode exhibited a specific capacity of 603.9 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, superior rate performance, and excellent cycle stability. This study established a new synthesis paradigm for the development of MOF derivatives as a potential class of electrode materials for supercapacitors.

Effect of strut microstructure on multiscale radiation properties of porous foams

Porous materials, widely used in engineering due to their excellent physical properties, have significant engineering and academic research value in their mechanism of radiation heat transfer. Micro-cellular foams are composed of a large number of struts and walls with micro-scale radiation effect, making it difficult to analyze the influence of strut micro-structure on radiation properties. In this study, the radiation parameters of the curved triangular prism-shaped struts are calculated using the finite element electromagnetic method, and the influence of the strut micro-structure parameters and the macroscopic parameters of the foam on the radiation characteristics is analyzed. The results demonstrate that the radiation properties of the equal-volume cylinder model, compared to the double-layer cylinder model, are closer to those of the curved triangular prism struts. The incidence angle has a negligible impact on the radiation parameter deviation of the struts. It is difficult to ignore the radiation parameter deviation of concave-curved triangular prism-shaped struts. The macroscale radiation properties of the foam are significantly influenced by the microscale radiation properties of the struts in the situation of low porosity, large pore size, and high strut volume ratio.