Large Losses Research Articles

Extremely rare complication in high-risk newborn on long-term parenteral nutrition and large stool losses through ileostomy.

To analyse postnatal characteristics, clinical and laboratory findings, results of investigations in the newborn (25 gestational weeks; Apgar score: 6/9 points; born per caesarean section; birth weight: 600 g; birth length: 31 cm; head circumference: 21 cm) from the first high-risk pregnancy with acquired form of acrodermatitis enteropathica. After summarizing the clinical picture with laboratory findings, we analysed the components of parenteral nutrition with regard to the deficiency of trace elements and vitamins. The zinc depletion dominated. The diagnosis is clinical, based on the presence of atypical clinical picture together with alow serum zinc concentration. Standard preparations with elementary elements do not sufficiently cover the daily needs of children, other possibilities of supplementation in intravenous form are not available. It is necessary to supplement zinc in premature children, in children with high losses of zinc (with diarrhoea, in patients with astoma, in patients with severe skin disease) (Fig. 4, Ref. 15).

Automatic wild bird repellent system that is based on deep-learning-based wild bird detection and integrated with a laser rotation mechanism

Wild bird repulsion is critical in agriculture because it helps avoid agricultural food losses and mitigates the risk of avian influenza. Wild birds transmit avian influenza in poultry farms and thus cause large economic losses. In this study, we developed an automatic wild bird repellent system that is based on deep-learning-based wild bird detection and integrated with a laser rotation mechanism. When a wild bird appears at a farm, the proposed system detects the bird’s position in an image captured by its detection unit and then uses a laser beam to repel the bird. The wild bird detection model of the proposed system was optimized for detecting small pixel targets, and trained through a deep learning method by using wild bird images captured at different farms. Various wild bird repulsion experiments were conducted using the proposed system at an outdoor duck farm in Yunlin, Taiwan. The statistical test results of our experimental data indicated that the proposed automatic wild bird repellent system effectively reduced the number of wild birds in the farm. The experimental results indicated that the developed system effectively repelled wild birds, with a high repulsion rate of 40.3% each day.

Variable and Large Losses of Diagnostic Biomarkers After Simulated Cosmic Radiation Exposure in Clay- and Carbonate-Rich Mars Analog Samples.

Mars has been exposed to ionizing radiation for several billion years, and as part of the search for life on the Red Planet, it is crucial to understand the impact of radiation on biosignature preservation. Several NASA and ESA missions are looking for evidence of ancient life in samples collected at depths shallow enough that they have been impacted by galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). In this study, we exposed a diverse set of Mars analog samples to 0.9 Megagray (MGy) of gamma radiation to mimic 15 million years of exposure on the Martian surface. We measured no significant impact of GCRs on the total organic carbon (TOC) and bulk stable C isotopes in samples with initial TOC concentration > 0.1 wt. %; however, diagnostic molecular biosignatures presented a wide range of degradation that didn't correlate to factors like mineralogy, TOC, water content, and surface area. Exposure dating suggests that the surface of Gale crater has been irradiated at more than five times our dose, yet using this relatively low dose and "best-case scenario" geologically recalcitrant biomarkers, large and variable losses were nevertheless evident. Our results empasize the importance of selecting sampling sites at depth or recently exposed at the Martian surface.

Synergistically biomimetic platform that enables droplets to be self-propelled

Droplet transport still faces numerous challenges, such as a limited transport distance, large volume loss, and liquid contamination. Inspired by the principle of ‘synergistic biomimetics’, we propose a design for a platform that enables droplets to be self-propelled. The orchid leaf-like three-dimensional driving structure provides driving forces for the liquid droplets, whereas the lotus leaf-like superhydrophobic surface prevents liquid adhesion, and the bamboo-like nodes enable long-distance transport. During droplet transport, no external energy input is required, no fluid adhesion or residue is induced, and no contamination or mass loss of the fluid is caused. We explore the influence of various types and parameters of wedge structures on droplet transportation, the deceleration of droplet speed at nodal points, and the distribution of internal pressure. The results indicate that the transport platform exhibits insensitivity to pH value and temperature. It allows droplets to be transported with varying curvatures in a spatial environment, making it applicable in tasks like target collection, as well as load, fused, anti-gravity, and long-distance transport. The maximum droplet transport speed reached (58 ± 5) mm·s−1, whereas the transport distance extended to (136 ± 4) mm. The developed platform holds significant application prospects in the fields of biomedicine and chemistry, such as high-throughput screening of drugs, genomic bioanalysis, microfluidic chip technology for drug delivery, and analysis of biological samples.

Carrier gradient core-double shell structure with heterojunction transition layer for significantly enhancing dielectric properties

In this work, to prohibit the undesirable large dielectric loss and electric-field distortion of the conductive fillers/polymer with a high dielectric constant, TiO2 (TO) and Al2O3 (AO) shells were successively coated on the surface of amorphous carbon (C) to prepare the C@TO@AO core-double shell nanoparticles. This novel design of gradually varying the multilayer hierarchical interface achieved the gradient reduction of carrier concentration from the C core to the TO and AO layers. And the introduction of the multilayer hierarchical interface was advantageous to the enhancement of interface polarization. Moreover, the excellent integrated dielectric properties could be effectively achieved by adjusting the layer thickness and crystal structure of the TO layer. It was worth noting that the TO transition layer with anatase and rutile heterojunctions (HTO) had a significant enhancement in the dielectric constant of the composites induced by the strength of interfacial polarization and built-in electric field inside the HTO layer. Furthermore, the simulated electric field distribution inside the composites was further investigated to reveal the mechanism of enhanced dielectric properties. This work exerts important guiding significance for the reasonable structure design and the elaborate regulation of the shell micro-structures to improve the dielectric properties of composites.

Changing climatic controls on the greenhouse gas balance of thermokarst bogs during succession after permafrost thaw.

Permafrost thaw in northern peatlands causes collapse of permafrost peat plateaus and thermokarst bog development, with potential impacts on atmospheric greenhouse gas exchange. Here, we measured methane and carbon dioxide fluxes over 3 years (including winters) using static chambers along two permafrost thaw transects in northwestern Canada, spanning young (~30 years since thaw), intermediate and mature thermokarst bogs (~200 years since thaw). Young bogs were wetter, warmer and had more hydrophilic vegetation than mature bogs. Methane emissions increased with wetness and soil temperature (40 cm depth) and modelled annual estimates were greatest in the young bog during the warmest year and lowest in the mature bog during the coolest year (21 and 7 g C-CH4 m-2 year-1, respectively). The dominant control on net ecosystem exchange (NEE) in the mature bog (between +20 and -54 g C-CO2 m-2 year-1) was soil temperature (5 cm), causing net CO2 loss due to higher ecosystem respiration (ER) in warmer years. In contrast, wetness controlled NEE in the young and intermediate bogs (between +55 and -95 g C-CO2 m-2 year-1), where years with periodic inundation at the beginning of the growing season caused greater reduction in gross primary productivity than in ER leading to CO2 loss. Winter fluxes (November-April) represented 16% of annual ER and 38% of annual CH4 emissions. Our study found NEE of thermokarst bogs to be close to neutral and rules out large CO2 losses under current conditions. However, high CH4 emissions after thaw caused a positive net radiative forcing effect. While wet conditions favouring high CH4 emissions only persist for the initial young bog period, we showed that continued climate warming with increased ER, and thus, CO2 losses from the mature bog can cause net positive radiative forcing which would last for centuries after permafrost thaw.

Techno-economic comparison of organic fluid between single- and dual-flash for geothermal power generation enhancement

The geothermal energy has become a research focus due to its unique advantages as the renewable energy source. Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is one of the important technologies for geothermal power generation, but ORC has a large irreversible loss and a low overall efficiency. The organic Rankine single-stage flash cycle (ORSFC) and organic Rankine dual-stage flash cycle (ORDFC) are proposed in this paper, and the corresponding mathematical models are established. The influence of operating parameters on techno-economic performance of three power generation systems is studied. Additionally, the comparison of the techno-economic performance of three power generation systems is conducted. The results show that the lower condensation temperature and pinch point temperature difference of heat exchangers improve the power generation performance. The evaporation temperature and flash temperature can be regarded as equivalent temperatures. Compared with the ORC system, the average increase in net output power of ORSFC and ORDFC systems is 22.87 % and 31.71 %, respectively, while the economic performance decreased by 0.98 % and 6.48 %, respectively. Therefore, it is recommended to use ORSFC as the incomplete evaporation power generation system. The R245fa is the optimal choice for ORC system, while the R601 and R601a are more suitable for ORSFC and ORDFC systems.

Method of estimating break size in piping loop systems

The approach for determining the break size of recirculation loops in a multiple-loop power plant in the event of a loss of coolant accident (LOCA) is presented in this study. In this study, the MAAP5 simulation program was used. An approach to measuring the size of a crack or break in the cooling system is the temperature difference between the recirculation loops. This method does not require any additional facilities; it compares the temperatures of the cooling loops to determine which one has a rupture. The best data source was the loop monitoring system, which sends temperature data for analysis to the main control room. A real operating power reactor training simulator and the FSAR are applied to evaluate MAAP5, the methodology's engine. The results of the MAAP5 simulation code were consistent with those of the power plant simulator. Therefore, MAAP5 could produce enough analytical data to create the relationship diagram between temperature difference and break size.The study hypothesized that there exists a maximum value of temperature difference corresponding to each break size and suggested that applying the absolute maximum temperature difference can aid in identifying the break size. This approach proposes an assistive method for determining the size of a fracture or break in the recirculation system by leveraging the temperature difference between each loop.This approach eliminates the need for additional facilities, as temperature data from the recirculation loops can be transmitted to the main control room. After the reactor scram, operators can monitor the maximum temperature differences at the inlet to estimate the break size. Although the fitting curve used to preliminary estimate the Large Break Loss of Coolant Accident break size may overestimate the break size, it still provides valuable insights. This novel tool offers a rapid and comprehensive method for detecting LOCA events in the recirculation loops.

Temperature dependence of the friction and wear behavior of pure tungsten

In this work, the friction and wear characteristics of rolled pure tungsten were investigated by using atomic force microscope (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) characterization techniques. A ductile to brittle transition (DBT) related frictional wear behaviors have been discovered. The results indicated that the coefficient of friction maintains an almost constant value of 0.45 at low temperatures (≤ 400 °C), whereas it consistently decreases at 600 °C due to the generation of a surface oxide. The wear rate varies with temperatures and reaches a maximum at 200 °C due to the transition of the tungsten matrix from brittleness to pseudoplasticity, which leads to severe adhesive wear and large mass loss. In addition, the evolution of sub-grains underneath the friction layer and Vickers microhardness were evaluated as well. This work provides insight into understanding the relationship between temperatures, microstructure and the frictional properties of tungsten materials, and thus provides guidance for improving frictional wear behaviors in tungsten materials.

Comparative study of the parasite load in two breeds of sheep in Mexico

Gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) produce great economic losses in livestock systems in Mexico, causing deficiencies in productive systems, mainly in food production; Gastrointestinal parasitosis constitutes a mechanism of loss, due to the high degrees of infestation experienced by these ruminants, which mainly causes anemia, liver and kidney damage, weight loss and large reproductive losses such as very prolonged postpartum anestrus. The prevalence of parasites in sheep is estimated between 63.4% to 90.2% prevalence, in a population of 8.9 million sheep in Mexico, distributed in different zoogeographic zones of the country. Based on the above, the objective of this study was to establish the foundations for the development of a breed or breeds of sheep resistant to gastrointestinal parasites (PGI). To achieve this objective, 183 sheep of the Criolla and Dorper breeds were randomly selected. These were under a grazing system and in addition, phenotypic characteristics were determined such as: body condition, FAMACHA, hematocrit (%). Fecal samples were taken from each animal and analyzed using sedimentation, flotation and direct coproparasitological tests, and the parasite load, eggs per gram of feces (HPG), was determined using the Mac Master chamber method (modified) by animal. To detect the damage caused by the different degrees of parasite infestation, tests were carried out on the metabolomics-metabolic profile of each animal depending on the type of parasite and total parasite load. The data obtained showed that the most prevalent GIP were: Strongyloides papillosus (38.15%), Trichostrongylus spp (32.91%), Haemonchus contortus (21.25%), Trichuris ovis (7.69), Oesophagostomun spp (2 .56%), Ascaris spp (1.56). and Fasciola hepatica (1.32%), this last parasite is not considered a gastrointestinal parasite, according to many authors, however, the laboratory does consider it. The values ​​of metabolites detected through the metabolic profile showed that the higher the parasite load-EGF, these metabolites fluctuated at low levels compared to clinically healthy animals (CHA) such as: glucose, PT, albumin, creatinine, while bilirubin tends to increase, the greater the parasite load-HPG, but this will also depend on the type of parasites that each animal presents; while the alkaline phosphatase enzyme tends to decrease when the EGF is higher. Hematocrit (%) values ​​decreased with respect to high parasite loads, mainly due to Haemochus contortus and Fasciola hepatica. In conclusion: GIP parasites play a significant role in the productive and reproductive development of these breeds of small ruminants, therefore, to produce sheep resistant to GIP it is necessary to detect which parasites are the most prevalent and which ones affect the metabolic activity of each animal or groups of sheep depending on their breed and diet, mainly, and that Creole sheep are more resistant to high GIP loads, they tend to lose weight, but not their reproductive capacity, finally their immune system has to control these loads of GPI, becoming animals with a high degree of resilience in relation to the Dorper breed.

A SAR Ship Detection Method Based on Adversarial Training.

SAR (synthetic aperture radar) ship detection is a hot topic due to the breadth of its application. However, limited by the volume of the SAR image, the generalization ability of the detector is low, which makes it difficult to adapt to new scenes. Although many data augmentation methods-for example, clipping, pasting, and mixing-are used, the accuracy is improved little. In order to solve this problem, the adversarial training is used for data generation in this paper. Perturbation is added to the SAR image to generate new samples for training, and it can make the detector learn more abundant features and promote the robustness of the detector. By separating batch normalization between clean samples and disturbed images, the performance degradation on clean samples is avoided. By simultaneously perturbing and selecting large losses of classification and location, it can keep the detector adaptable to more confrontational samples. The optimization efficiency and results are improved through K-step average perturbation and one-step gradient descent. The experiments on different detectors show that the proposed method achieves 8%, 10%, and 17% AP (Average Precision) improvement on the SSDD, SAR-Ship-Dataset, and AIR-SARShip, compared to the traditional data augmentation methods.

Strategi Relokasi Inovatif: Solusi Pemerintah Kota Untuk Pedagang Kaki Lima Pasar Sentral Makassar Pasca Kebakaran

The Makassar City Central Market resulted in large losses for street street vendorsa fire occursforcing city governments to formulate effective relocation strategies. This research aims to evaluate innovative relocation strategies implemented as a solution to restore the economic conditions of street vendors after the fire. Through a participatory approach, the city government involves traders in the planning and implementation of relocation, ensuring that their needs and aspirations are met. Meringue with approach consultation and public participation, by providing brother strategic areas, adequate facilities, and den empowerment approach training and business assistance to help traders adapt to the new environment. Building partnerships by strengthening available support, while regular monitoring and evaluation ensures program sustainability. The research results show that this strategy has succeeded in restoring and redeveloping the street vendor economic sector, creating a more stable and sustainable market environment. These findings emphasize the importance of a comprehensive and collaborative approach in dealing with crises, and provide practical guidance for local governments in dealing with similar situations in the future.

The Impact Of Credit Risk On The Financial Performance Of Banks In Indonesia Listed On The Indonesian Stock Exchange For The Period 2018 - 2022

Banking activities collect funds from customers and distribute credit to customers in the form of loans that are added with interest for the bank's opinion. Lending activities provided by banks have risks that must be mitigated to avoid large losses and adversely affect the bank's financial performance. This study used panel data regression method with sample of 35 Indonesian Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with the period 2018 - 2022. Referring to the main research, bank financial performance is measured by return on assets and net interest margin, while bank risk is measured by the variables non-performing loans, capital adequacy ratio, loan loss provision ratio, and cost per loan ratio, this study also added new control variables, such as bank size and leverage. The results of this study found that there is an impact between NPL with ROA, LLPR with ROA, CAR with NIM, and CPLR with NIM. While there is no impact of CAR with ROA, CPLR with ROA, NPL with NIM, and LLPR with NIM.

Polarization rotator with large bandwidth and low insert loss based on lemon core photonic crystal fiber

Polarization rotator with large bandwidth and low insert loss based on lemon core photonic crystal fiber

Robust Self-expression Learning with Adaptive Noise Perception

Self-expression learning methods often obtain a coefficient matrix to measure the similarity between pairs of samples. However, directly using the raw data to represent each sample under the self-expression framework may not be ideal, as noise points are inevitably involved in the process of representing clean samples. To address this issue, this work proposes a novel self-expression model called robust Self-Expression learning with adaptive Noise Perception (SENP). SENP decomposes each sample into a clean part and a noisy part, and samples with large self-expression losses can be recognized as the noise points. A reliable coefficient matrix can then be learned by using only the clean points to reconstruct the clean part of each sample. By simultaneously detecting the noisy part of each sample and noise points, and adaptively mitigating their negative impacts, the representative ability of the generated coefficient matrix is improved. Moreover, inspired by the solution of non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), an effective algorithm is formed to optimize SENP. Extensive experiments on well-known benchmark datasets demonstrate the superiority of SENP compared to several state-of-the-art methods.

A new side of deglobalization: Why did US multinational corporations deconsolidate their subsidiaries from Venezuela?

This study explored the deconsolidation of Venezuelan subsidiaries by 15 U.S. Multinational Corporations (MNCs) during the severe economic and political crisis of 2015. We used a probit model and decision tree classifier to examine how foreign exchange losses and the industry sector influenced this decision. We found that consumer goods MNCs and those with large losses were more likely to be deconsolidated. Deconsolidation may be a common response in other troubled emerging markets, especially in a deglobalized world. We contend that deconsolidation improves stakeholder quality and the transparency of financial reporting. In addition, an MNC’s subsidiary deconsolidation is the middle ground between doing nothing and divesting. This study fills a gap in the academic literature on deconsolidation that has been largely overlooked in the past. This raises new questions and challenges for scholars seeking to promote financial reporting transparency in a changing global environment.

NRC’s methodology to estimate fuel dispersal during a large break loss of coolant accident

Recent experimental findings indicate that under certain transient conditions, high-burnup fuel operating at sufficiently high power can fragment and escape from burst fuel cladding, as discussed in the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s Research Information Letter (RIL) 2021–13. The escaped fuel fragments could subsequently be distributed throughout a reactor coolant system (RCS), potentially challenging core coolability during a loss of coolant accident (LOCA). Consequently, the NRC has developed a methodology to estimate the mass of fuel that could be dispersed during a large-break LOCA. The methodology involves several NRC-sponsored computer codes, including SCALE/Polaris for lattice physics, PARCS/PATHS for full-core neutronics, TRACE for core and RCS thermal hydraulics, and FAST for steady-state and transient fuel performance calculations. Output from FAST is combined with the models in RIL 2021–13 to estimate fuel dispersal to the coolant.NRC staff have exercised this methodology using a prospective Westinghouse four loop core design with high burnup and extended enrichment that was obtained from the Department of Energy’s NEAMS program. Results demonstrate that the NRC methodology can be exercised to provide fuel dispersal estimates that can subsequently be used to study the potential consequences of FFRD. However, this exercise has also identified several areas for improvements to both the codes and to the modeling approaches used here, including the pin power reconstruction methods in PARCS, the modeling approach used to connect the Cartesian and cylindrical vessel components in TRACE, transient fission gas release and fuel rod upper plenum models in FAST, and tighter coupling between FAST and TRACE.

Generating Composite Material Maps from Numerical Simulation of Hailstone Impact

Over the lifetime of a wind turbine, the blades receive significant erosion to the leading edge caused by precipitation, leading to large losses in aerodynamic performance and therefore power output. It is therefore prudent to study the mechanics of the erosion process in order to predict and mitigate these losses. Whilst leading edge erosion due to raindrop impact has received much research attention in recent years, very little research has focussed the role of hailstone impact in erosion in wind turbine blades. This paper aims to use a computational simulation model to investigate and characterise the physics of the impact of a hailstone on a flat plate of composite glass fibre material typical of those used in the construction of wind turbine blades. This was achieved by modelling the ice projectile using a Single-Particle Hydrodynamic approach in the software package LS-DYNA. This simulation was used to determine how the impact response in the target plate was affected by various parameters of the impact scenario. Simulations were run using diameters of hailstone between 5 and 20 mm, impact speeds between 80 and 120 ms−1, and at angles of incidence between 90 and 0 degrees. The paper presents these observations in the form of “maps” of the material response at each angle of incidence. It was observed that whilst at low velocities, the material response varies linearly with diameter and velocity and at higher velocities, more complicated behaviour arises due to the interaction between the initial stress wave and the remainder of the impacting projectile.

Intrinsic Elastomer with Remarkable Dielectric Constant via Elastification of Relaxor Ferroelectric Polymer.

High-dielectric-constant elastomers always play a critical role in the development of wearable electronics for actuation, energy storage, and sensing; therefore, there is an urgent need for effective strategies to enhance dielectric constants. The present methods mainly involve adding inorganic or conductive fillers to the polymer elastomers, however, the addition of fillers causes a series of problems, such as large dielectric loss, increased modulus, and deteriorating interface conditions. Here, the elastification of relaxor ferroelectric polymers is investigated through slight cross-linking, aiming to obtain intrinsic elastomers with high-dielectric constants. By cross-linking of the relaxor ferroelectric polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-ter-trifluoroethylene-ter-chlorofluoroethylene) with a long soft chain cross-linker, a relaxor ferroelectric elastomer with an enhanced dielectric constant is obtained, twice that of the pristine relaxor ferroelectric polymer and surpassing all reported intrinsic elastomers. This elastomer maintains its high-dielectric constant over a wide temperature range and exhibits robust mechanical fatigue resistance, chemical stability, and thermal stability. Moreover, the ferroelectricity of the elastomer remains stable under strains up to 80%. This study offers a simple and effective way to enhance the dielectric constant of intrinsic elastomers, thus facilitating advancements in soft robots, biosensors, and wearable electronics.

Fear and perceived risk of cyber fraud victimization among Chinese University students

AbstractCyber fraud has surfaced as a serious social problem in China, resulting in billions of Chinese yuan worth of financial losses in recent years. The high prevalence and large quantity financial losses from cyber fraud have sparked widespread public concerns about online safety. Based on survey data from over 1000 university students in China, this study explores the prevalence of fear and perceived risk of cyber fraud and its correlates among university students. The results showed that although only 10% of the respondents believed they would likely experience cyber fraud victimization in the next 12 months, approximately 50% reported feeling fearful of cyber fraud in the past 3 months. The logistic regression results show that both fear and perceived risk are influenced by different domains of risk factors, with higher self-control and deviant online behaviors explaining greater odds of fear. In contrast, the perceived risk of crime is linked to vicarious victimization experiences, perceived crime seriousness, and satisfaction with the police. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.