Large White Breed Research Articles

Enzyme with phytase activity in compound feed for young pigs on fattening

One of the decisive factors for achieving high productivity of animals is the rational organization of feeding. At the same time the priority task of domestic pig breeding is to reduce expenditures by increasing the digestibility of feed nutrients and improving their digestibility. The inclusion of enzyme drugs in the compound feed is one of the most important conditions necessary in solving this problem. In the body of animals, they are necessary to increase the digestibility of feed nutrients. The purpose of the research was to study the eff ect of the enzyme drug Feedbest P5000 GT as part of compound feeds on the growth and development of young pigs on fattening, as well as the determination of expenditure of feed. In order to achieve this purpose, a scientifi c and economic experiment was carried out. The studies were conducted on young pigs of Large White breed aged from 60 to 210 days. Four groups of pigs of 12 heads in each were formed according to the principle of analog groups. Pigs of all groups were in the same conditions of feeding and housing. In order to identify the eff ect of the tested enzyme drug on the growth and development of experimental animals, they weighed and took measurements every 30 days of rearing, taking into account the consumption of compound feed and their residue for the next day. It has been established that the use of the enzyme drug Feedbest P5000 GT as part of compound feeds for young pigs on fattening contributes to the growth, development and reduction of expenditures of feed per unit of production of young pigs. The best indicators were obtained in the 2nd experimental group, where the tested enzyme drug in the amount of 90 g/t of compound feed was additionally added to the compound feed.

Productive qualities of young pigs of the Large White breed of diverse genealogical lines and interbreed differentiation according to some integrated indicators

The purpose of the work was to investigate the fattening and meat qualities in young pigs of the Large White breed of diverse genealogical lines and interbreed differentiation according to some integrated indicators and to calculate the economic efficiency of the experimental results. The fattening and meat qualities in young pigs were evaluated by the quantitative characteristics such as average daily live weight gain during the control fattening period (g), the age of reaching 100 kg live weight (days), thickness of lard at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae (mm), length of the chilled carcass (cm), length of the bacon half of the chilled half-carcass (cm). Comprehensive evaluation of the animals in the experimental groups was carried out according to the Tyler and Wangen indices. Biometric processing of research results was conducted according to the methods of V. P. Kovalenko et al. (2010). The research was performed in agricultural formations of the Dnipropetrovsk region, the Jazz meat processing plant, and the animal husbandry laboratory of the Institute of Grain Crops NAAS of Ukraine. It was established that in terms of fattening and meat qualities, the young pigs of the genealogical lines Tafftus C61203 UA 8819345 and Azuro UA 8800557 of the Large White breed correspond to the elite class. Young pigs of the genealogical line Tafftus C61203 UA 8819345 outperform peers of the Azuro line UA 8800557 by 3.25% in the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg, in fat thickness at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae by 5.74%, in chilled carcass length by 0.93%. Animals of the Azuro UA 8800557 line are characterized by a longer length of the chilled carcass and the length of the bacon half of the chilled carcass. The number of significant correlations between the fattening and meat qualities of the Large White breed young pigs, the CI selection index, and the Tyler index is 80%. The maximum increase in additional production was obtained from young pigs of the genealogical line Tafftus C61203 UA 8819345 (+2.52%), then I experimental group according to the Tyler index (+3.98%) and the selection index CI (+4.30%). The criteria for selecting highly productive animals due to the CI breeding index are 57.69–78.57 points, and the Tyler index is 214.89–242.85 points. The economic efficiency of the use of young pigs from the specified groups provides additional production at the level of +3.98–4.30%.

The influence of feeding level on the growth of pigs depending on their genotype

The growth and development of pigs is determined by their genotype and environmental conditions (primarily the level of feeding), however, the number of works aimed at studying the complex influence of genetic and non-genetic factors in their interaction is currently insufficient. The purpose of our work was to estimate the effect of the MC4R genotype, feeding level and interaction of these factors on growth and backfat thickness of crossbred pigs and to investigate the possibility of correcting the melanocortin-4-receptor gene polymorphism effect by adjusting the ration. Studies were conducted on 50 gilts obtained by crossing sows of the large white breed with landrace boars. Experimental pigs at the "Maxi 2010" farm were weighed at birth, then at the age of 28 days (at weaning) and at the age of 4, 6, 8 months. Fat thickness was measured at the age of 4, 6, 8 months. Genetic studies were conducted in a certified laboratory of Institute of Pig Breeding and Agroindustrial Production. Analysis of 50 blood samples revealed that this group of pigs had a sufficient level of polymorphism for research (Polymorphism Information Content was equil 0.35). The frequency of genotype distribution at the MC4R / SNP c.1426 G>A locus was 0.06 (AA) : 0.58 (GA) : 0.36 (GG). The type of feeding significantly influenced the live weight at the age of 4 months and the average daily gains of experimental pigs over the period of 28–120 days. Starting at the age of 6 months a significant effect of the interaction of organized factors (feeding + genotype) was recorded. At the age of 6 months, a significant influence of both the genotype and the level of feeding on the backfat thickness was established. Animals with the GG genotype receiving a restricted feed ration had significantly lower backfat thickness. At the age of 8 months, the difference in backfat thickness between the group with the GG genotype (restricted feed ration) and the AG genotype (high level feeding) reached a value of 12.9% (2.0 mm). Animals with the AG genotype had the lowest performance and the greatest fat thickness under feed limitation, which is important for raising young pigs for subsequent reproduction. Therefore, when selecting pigs to be used for further reproduction, the desired genotype is GG. In the future, it will be desirable to repeat the study on a larger number of pigs, so that the experiment involves a sufficient number of animals with the MC4R AA genotype for statistical processing.

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of the Native Pulawska and Three Commercial Pig Breeds Based on Microsatellite Markers.

Swine DNA profiling is highly important for animal identification and parentage verification and also increasingly important for meat traceability. This work aimed to analyze the genetic structure and genetic diversity in selected Polish pig breeds. The study used a set of 14 microsatellite (STR) markers recommended by ISAG for parentage verification in the native Puławska pig (PUL, n = 85) and three commercial pig breeds: Polish Large White (PLW, n = 74), Polish Landrace (PL, n = 85) and foreign breed Duroc (DUR, n = 84). Genetic differentiation among breeds accounted for 18% of the total genetic variability (AMOVA). Bayesian structure analysis (STRUCTURE) indicated that the four distinct genetic clusters obtained corresponded to the four breeds studied. The genetic Reynolds distances (Ɵw) showed a close relationship between PL and PLW breeds and the most distant for DUR and PUL pigs. The genetic differentiation values (FST) were lower between PL and PLW and higher between PUL and DUR. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) supported the classification of the populations into four clusters.

Entrepreneurship potential of pork production under intensive system of management

A study was conducted on profitable rearing of Large White Yorkshire breed of pigs for the purpose of meat, in Puducherry, a union territory in Southern India with predominately hot and humid climate. A total of four pigs were reared for a period of 90 days in the pig sty unit of the Livestock Farm Complex, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, (RIVER) Puducherry. During the study period, the average body weight gain was 40 kg. The live weights of the four pigs were (i) 50.4 kg (ii) 53 kg (iii) 44 kg (iv) 55 kg. The cumulative feed conversion ratio recorded was 3.165. An average dressing percentage of 71.44% was obtained from the slaughter of the pigs. The data obtained in the current study may be useful as reference values for the scientific pork production as potential entrepreneurship opportunity, as this is the first study of its kind in Large White Yorkshire pig.

Correction of micro biocenosis and physiological processes in piglets under intensive breeding technology

The authors presented the results of a study of the feed additive’s effect on the gastrointestinal tract’s microflora, hematological, biochemical, and production indicators of piglets of the technological group 0-1 month of the Large White breed, Landrace, and Duroc. For the experiment, the authors formed two groups of animals - experimental and control. Piglets of the experimental group were fed with Bimulak Pre feed additive from the 2nd to the 15th day of life. Animals of the experimental group were on the usual diet and did not receive the feed additive. As a result of studies, a positive effect of feed additive Bimulak Pre on enterobiocenosis of the gastrointestinal tract of piglets, hematological and biochemical parameters of blood, and production performance. After the application, the feed additive helps increase the amount of beneficial microflora (bifidobacteria and lactobacilli) while reducing lactose-negative variants of Escherichia coli, staphylococci, and yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida in the intestine. Using the analysis of hematological and biochemical parameters, the authors found that the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin slightly increased in the experimental group of piglets. In addition, the total number of incremental cytes decreases, the total protein content increases, and the glucose level decrease compared to the check. The use of the additive with the essential diet leads to a reduction in the mortality of piglets, increased preservation of young stock, and an increase in average daily live weight gain and average weight at weaning.

Historical aspects of pig breeding in Siberia (review)

Historical descriptions of extinct Siberian pig breeds or those on the verge of extinction are presented for a better understanding of the breeding process in the domestic pig breeding and hybridization system, which determines the improvement of productive and breed characters. An overview of pig breeds in Siberia is given in terms of the history of their breeding, the breeding and genetic methods used and the achievements obtained. The absence of living representatives of extinct breeds does not allow to study more deeply their physiological, morphological features, the potential of productivity at a high level of feeding both in conditions of modern industrial complexes and using modern genetic breeding methods. Literature sources used for the review describe in sufficient detail breeds and types, and give data on productivity under the conditions of the then-existing system of housing and feeding. Aspects of the formation, development and the current state of pig breeding, as well as the existing problems in the industry are highlighted. The following breeds are described: Siberian Northern, Kemerovo, Early Maturing Meat (EM-1), Novosibirsk Large White Breed, Achinsk Large White Breed, Kemerovo Factory Meat Pigs (KM-1), Chelyabinsk Breed, Altai Meat Breed. Methodological approaches and breeding achievements in the breeding of new breeds and breed types in Siberia are shown. The important practical significance of breeding and genetic methods in the system of industrial production in modern conditions is noted. The issue of the possibility of using the genetic potential of domestic pig breeds under conditions of import substitution on the basis of advanced technological and methodological approaches of scientists and practitioners in the conditions of Siberia was considered.

Growth and development of piglets depending on their live weight at birth

Relevance. The main task in organizing the feeding of suckling piglets is habituation early to feed and supplements, as well as the prevention of diarrhea and anemia. Up to 2 months of age is the most important period in the life of a piglet. The need of piglets for nutrients up to 3 weeks of age is usually met by sow milk, but from the first days of life they need additional nutrients, which must be given in the form of supplements.Methods. Experimental studies were conducted on pigs of Large white breed. For scientific research, 5 sows were selected at their 2nd and 3rd farrowing with 10–12 piglets, covered with one hog-producer (Miron-149, age 42 months, live weight 317 kg. The zoohygenic parameters of the indoor microclimate were maintained. Pigs of all groups were in the same conditions of feeding and maintenance, and they were fed compound feed in accordance with the developed recipes.Results. As a result of the research, it was revealed that with an increase in the age of sows increase their prolificacy, milk yield and nest weight on the 30th day and at 2 months of age. By milk yield the difference between sows of the first and fifth farrowing was 5.3 kg (P < 0.001), by nest weight at the age of 2 months — 16.6 kg (P < 0.001). The livability of piglets after the first and second farrowing was 89%, the third — 90%, the fourth and fifth farrowing — 96 and 95%. In all studied periods of development piglets with a larger live weight at birth were distinguished by a high absolute increase in live weight.

The influence of some paratypical factors on the reproductive qualities of sows

Relevance. The live weight of pigs is closely related to the process of growth and development of their organism. It varies depending on the growth rate of animals, is determined by genetic factors and environmental conditions. The aim of the article is to study the influence of live weight and age on the productive qualities of sows.Methods. On the basis of FGUP "Kolos" of the Tsivilsky district of the Chuvash Republic, 50 sows of a Large white breed were evaluated according to a set of characteristics: exterior, development, live weight, productivity. To identify the rating of the sow, the instructions for pig bonitization were used. The pigs were fed according to the rations in accordance with the feeding standards.Results. According to the milk content, the difference between the first and fifth farrowing is 5.3 kg, according to the weight of the nest in 2 months — 16.6 kg. The mortality in the first and second farrowing was 11%, in the third — 10%, and in the fourth and fifth farrowing the livability was 96 and 95%. With an increase in prolificacy the milk yield and nest weight increase in 2 months, the difference between multiple births with 9 and 12 pigletsby the milk yield was 4.3 kg, by nest weight in 2 months — 25.1 kg. With an increase in the live weight of sowsincrease prolificacy , milk production, and nest weight in 30 days and in 2 months. The difference in prolificacy between the first and third groups was 1.8 heads, in milk production — 6.3 kg, in nest weight at 30 days — 9.31 kg, and at 2 months — 23.95 kg. In our studies, the cost of one newborn piglet of sows on 3rd, 4th, 5th farrowings and with a live weight of over 180 kg was 10–18% lower than of a piglet received from sows on 1st, 2nd farrowings and weighing up to 180 kg.

SWINE`S RAITING BY EVALUATION AND SELECTION INDEXES

An increase in the productivity of animals is associated with a general improvement of the population, which largely depends on the accuracy of the genotype assessment. The most accurate estimates can be obtained with the help of modern indices: evaluation and selection. At the same time, it is important to calculate the weight coefficients of the traits included in the selection index structure, separately for each herd (breed). Evaluation by indices allows selecting the best animals in the herd for further use. According to the results of the evaluation of the reproductive qualities of sows in crossbreeding using evaluation and selection indices, the superiority of large white breed sows covered with boars of the landrace breed was established, and the lowest among pigs of the combinations ♀P×♂D and ♀D×♂P. At the stage of studying the growth dynamics of pigs, we studied the patterns of individual development of animals in ontogenesis according to criteria that would characterize growth indicators and allow us to determine the type of their formation. Animals of the ♀D×♂P group outperformed their counterparts and other experimental groups. Animals of the ♀P×♂D and ♀D×♂P groups had the highest index of growth uniformity. At the same time, the control group and the combination ♀VB×♂L were inferior to them. The superiority of pigs in terms of growth intensity of the ♀D×♂P group shows the high energy of the formation of animals, they reached slaughter conditions faster under the same conditions of keeping and feeding compared to other groups. Animals of the combination ♀P×♂D were characterized by the most uniform growth at this stage. During the fattening period, the superiority of the offspring of the combination ♀D×♂P in terms of the index of fattening qualities was preserved. In order to select highly productive individuals, for further use in crossbreeding, we calculated selection indices for evaluating gilts by reproductive capacity, for evaluating the fattening and fattening and meat qualities of the offspring. Keywords: selection index, evaluation index, selection, crossbreeding, Landrace, Duroc, Pietren, Large White breed, pigs.

ACTIVITY OF SERUM ENZYMES OF YOUNG PIGS OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES BY MELANOCORTIN RECEPTOR GENE (MC4R) AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH FATTENING AND MEAT QUALITIES

The article is devoted to studying the activity of serum enzymes, fattening, and meat qualities of young pigs of different genotypes by the melanocortin receptor gene MC4R, calculating the level of correlation between traits, and economic efficiency of research results. The experimental part of the research was carried out in the agricultural formations of the Dnipropetrovsk region, the Research Center for Biosafety and Environmental Control of Agricultural Resources of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, the Genetics Laboratory of the Institute of Pig Breeding and Agricultural Production of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine and the Laboratory of Animal Husbandry of the State Institution “Institute of Grain Crops of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences”. The work was carried out by the research program of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine No. 30, ” Innovative Technologies of Breeding, Industrial and Organic Production of Pig Products,” task “To develop a local system of selection and hybridization of pigs using modern genetic methods (DNA markers)”. Laboratory studies and the results of control fattening indicate that the biochemical parameters of blood serum (activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase) of young pigs of large white breed of the controlled population correspond to the physiological norm of clinically healthy animals, and according to the leading indicators of fattening and meat qualities (age of reaching body weight of 100 kg, days; fat thickness at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae, mm; length of chilled carcass, cm) belongs to class I and class elite. Analysis of the data of control fattening and slaughter shows that young pigs of the second experimental group (MC4RAG) are superior to their peers of I (MC4RAA) in terms of average daily weight gain, age of body weight100 кг, fat thickness at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae and length of chilled carcass by an average of 4.58%. Several significant associations between interior parameters (aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, units/l; alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, unit/l), fattening and meat qualities of young pigs of the controlled population is 28.57 %. This indicates the possibility of using interior indicators for early prediction of fattening and meat qualities of young pigs. The maximum increase in additional production was obtained from young pigs of the second experimental group (MC4RAG) – +3.24 %, and its cost, which was obtained from the sale of one head of young pigs of the specified genotype is equal to +261.56 UAH or +6.62 USD.

PROTEIN METABOLISM INDICATORS AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH FATTENING AND MEAT QUALITIES OF YOUNG PIGS OF DIFFERENT INTENSITY OF FORMATION IN EARLY ONTOGENESIS

The article presents the results of the study of biochemical indicators of blood serum and their relationship with the fattening and meat qualities of young pigs of the large white breed, as well as the calculation of the level of correlations between the signs and the economic efficiency of their use in the conditions of the industrial complex. Studies show that the biochemical indicators of blood serum of young pigs of the large white breed correspond to the physiological norm of clinically healthy animals, namely: the total protein content is 83.46 g/l, the urea content is 5.15 mmol/l, the urea nitrogen content is 10.14 mg %; the coefficient of variation of the specified quantitative features of the interior ranges from 4.85 to 14.99 %. By the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg, the animals of the total sample (N=42) exceed the minimum requirements of the elite class by 6.57, the thickness of lard at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae - 28.62, the length of the chilled carcass - 3.72 %. Taking into account the intrabreed differentiation of animals according to the "intensity of formation" index, it was established that the young pigs of the II experimental group (∆t=0.715-1.011) prevailed over the peers of the same age I (∆t=1.076-1.356) in terms of average daily live weight gain, the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg and fat thickness at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae by an average of 3.61%. There was no significant difference between the groups in the thickness of lard at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae, the length of the chilled carcass, the largest (front) and smallest (back) width of the bacon half of the carcass. The number of reliable connections between biochemical indicators of blood serum, fattening and meat qualities of young pigs of the controlled population is 33.33 %. The criterion for selecting highly productive animals of the main herd according to the absolute indicators of the fattening and meat qualities of their offspring is their compliance with the elite class, and according to the "intensity of formation" index - 0.715-1.011 points. Keywords: young pigs, breed, fattening and meat qualities, index, variability, correlation, cost of additional products.

BEST LINEAR UNBIASED PREDICTION INDEX: SELECTION CRITERIA AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE USE OF SOWS OF DIFFERENT BREEDING VALUE

Purpose. To study indexes of own productivity of repair pigs and reproductive qualities of sows of different intrabreed differentiation according to the BLUP index, as well as to determine criteria for selecting highly productive animals for further use in the controlled population. Methods. Zootechnical, statistical, purebred breeding. The object of the study were repair pigs and sows of the Large White breed. The breeding value of animals of the specified production group was determined by the BLUP index, evaluation of young pigs according to their own productivity indexes, sows - according to reproductive qualities, was carried out taking into account the following characteristics: age of reaching live weight of 100 kg, days; fat thickness at the level of the 6th-7th thoracic vertebra, mm; the thickness of the fat in the middle point of the back between the withers and the sacrum, mm; thickness of lard on sacrum, mm; body length, cm; multifertility, head; milk yield, kg, number of piglets at the time of weaning, head; weight of the nest at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days, kg, preservation, %. Comprehensive evaluation of sows was carried out according to the index of M. D. Berezovskyi (cited by Vashchenko, 2019), the alignment of the sow's litter according to the live weight of piglets at the time of their birth - according to the method of V. I. Khalak (2012). Biometric processing of the research results was carried out according to generally accepted methods (V. P. Kovalenko et al, 2010). Results. Based on the results of the research, it was determined that repair pigs of the Large White breed, based on their own productivity (age of reaching 100 kg live weight, days; lard thickness at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae, mm) belong to the elite class. The maximum indexes of multifertility (12.8+0.21 head), milk yield (62.8+1.46 kg), the number of piglets at the time of weaning (10.9+0.20 head) and litter weight at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days (85.6+1.54 kg) are characterized by sows of the I experimental group (BLUP index = 109.78-123.14); the index of M. D. Berezovskyi is 41.86+0.593 points. The coefficient of variation (Сv, %) of the reproductive qualities of sows of the Large White breed of different breeding value, evaluated according to the BLUP index (maternal line) ranges from 4.79 to 18.59 %. Conclusions. Coefficient of pairwise correlation (r) between indexes of reproductive qualities, BLUP index (maternal line) and index of M. D. Berezovskyi varies from -0.292 (tr=3.72) to + 0.978 (tr=262.05); the relationship between the specified mathematical models and the signs of own productivity is weak and unreliable (r= -0.050 - +0.007). The use of sows of high breeding value (BLUP index = 109.78-123.14) provides additional production at the level o f+13.20 %, and its value is +431.77 UAH./head/farrowing. Key words: sow, breed, own productivity, reproductive qualities, BLUP index, breeding value, variability, correlation.

REPRODUCTIVE FEATURES AND ELEMENTS OF THE BEHAVIOUR OF SOWS DURING OF DIFFERENT HOUSING AND SEASONS OF THE YEAR

In pig farming, farrowing structures are used to reduce crushing ofpiglets. The movement of the sow in such structures is usually limited, which reduces the probability and frequency of dangerous changes in posture that lead to the death of piglets. Such structural elements of the farrowing limit the movement of the sow while standing, sitting, lying down and turning on its side. Limited mobility and behavioral manifestations of sows cause a decrease in the level of well-being. Machine-based farrowing systems are designed to address these welfare issues by providing more space, allowing sows to turn around and interact more with their piglets. In this regard, the aim of the conducted experiment was to study the influence of housing conditions and seasons of the year in the farrowing shop of sows on their reproductive parameters and elements of behavioural in the conditions of a commercial pig farm. Materials and methods. For the scientific and economic experiment, two groups of sows of the Large White breed were formed in the amount of 10 heads each. The sows of the first control group were housed in a room with a partially regulated microclimate in machines on a solid concrete floor, with the division of the machine into: a compartment for the sow and feeding and resting piglets with the use of variable straw bedding for the non-fixed maintenance of the sow, the size is 2.0Ч2.3 m. The sows of the second experimental group were housed in a room with a regulated microclimate in machines on a partially slotted floor above concrete baths without the use of litter, with a fixed retention of the sow in the machine during the entire suckling period, the size of the machine is 1.8Ч2.4 m. Results. As a result of the experiment, it was determined that that the introduction into production of a new type of farrowing machine made it possible to improve the survival of piglets by 21.9 %, to increase their average daily gain during the suckling period by 11.1 % and the weight of the litter of piglets before weaning by 17.9 %. Elements of the behavioural of suckling sows and suckling piglets depend on the season and structural features of the premises and machines for farrowing. In modern machines, sows rest more (by 6.8-19.0 %) and move less (by 27.5-32.4 %). While piglets show by 6.3 % more mobile activity in machines of the new design in winter and by 5.5 % less in summer. Conclusion. On the basis of the conducted experiment, it was established that the design of the farrowing system of sows significantly affects their behavioral elements and reproductive parameters, ensuring social interaction between sows and piglets, which is confirmed by the reliability of the obtained research results. Key words: machines, period of the year, productive traits, suckling piglets, suckling sows, farrowing system, welfare.

Повышение мясных качеств свиней после дегельминтизации против аскаридоза на фоне применения глицирризиновой кислоты

The present paper describes the use of glycyrrhizic acid contained in licorice roots on the quality of pork produced. Modern research methods are used in the work, such as ion exchange chromatography, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, as well as drying of an average sample of muscle and pressing method. The production part of the experiments was carried out on twenty-one piglets of a large white breed, weighing 14 kilograms. By analogy, piglets are divided into 3 groups. By the method of coprology, ascariasis was detected in piglets of two months of age. After which, all piglets were dewormed with a drug – fenbendazole. The control group had a diet without additional additives. Glycyrrhizic acid was included in the diet of pigs of 2 experimental groups. Studies on live weight gain were carried out for 6 months. Upon reaching 100 kg, pigs of all the studied groups were slaughtered. The inclusion of glycyrrhizic acid in the diet of piglets served as a beneficial effect on the biochemical processes in the piglets' body, as evidenced by the data obtained.

INFLUENCE OF MICROCLIMATE PARAMETERS ON THE REPRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF SOWS OF THE LARGE WHITE BREED AND THE GROWTH INTENSITY OF SUCKLING PIGLETS IN THE WINTER AND SPRING SEASONS

Goal. To study the influence of the main parameters of the microclimate, namely: temperature, relative humidity and air movement speed, on the reproductive qualities of sows of the Large White breed and the intensity of growth of suckling piglets in the winter and spring periods of the year. Methods. Analytical: the reproductive qualities, zootechnical, physical and biometric analyses. The results. According to the results of the studies of the obtained microclimate parameters in the room for housing pigs, an analysis of the reproductive qualities of sows during winter and spring farrowing was carried out, where no significant difference in terms of indexes was found. It was determined that air temperature had a dominant influence on growth intensity and productivity of suckling piglets. The best indexs was obtained in the II - experimental group, in which the increase in the temperature in the piglets' den by 1.3 and 1.2 єС contributed to the growth of the average monthly absolute and average daily gains in live weight of piglets by 0.11 kg and 3.8 g in the winter season (5.96 kg and 205.52 g) and by 0.14 kg and 4.83 g (6.11 kg and 210.69 g) in the spring, compared to the analogues of the control group (5.85 kg; 201.72 g) and 5.97 kg; 205.86 g). According to the calculations of the evaluation indexes of the reproductive capacity of sows I and P in the periods of farrowing and lactation, an insignificant advantage of these indexes was noted in the II - research group, in winter, by 0.45 (I = 37.49) and 3.83points (Р = 105,26) compared to the control (I = 37.04; Р = 101.43), in the spring, by 0.38 (I = 37.81) and 3.92 points (Р= 105.44) compared to the control group ( I = 37.43; P = 101.52). The relative humidity and speed of air movement in the winter season between the groups rangedfrom 53.5 to 56.3 % andfrom 0.24 to 0.31 m/s and, accordingly, in the spring season - 47.3-51.6 % and 0.19-0.26 m/s. Conclusions. Temperature, relative humidity and speed of air movement did not significantly affect the reproductive qualities of sows in the winter and spring periods of the year. However, better microclimatic conditions for housing suckling piglets clearly provided better indexes of their growth intensity. Key words: pigs, microclimate, fertility, evaluation indexes, live weight, absolute gain, average daily gain, relative gain, preservation.

ACCUMULATION OF 137Cs, Pb, Cd, Сu IN THE MUSCLE TISSUE AND LIVER OF PIGS GETTING DIFFERENT RATIONS

Experimental studies on young pigs of the large white breed were conducted on the territory of the physiological yard of the Polissia Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences (III zone of radioactive contamination due to the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant). To conduct the experiment, 2 groups of experimental animals were formed: Group I (control) was fed with grain mixture № 1 with narrow-leaved lupine (alkaloid-free) and sunflower cake; II group (experimental) received grain mixture № 2 with genetically modified soy. Experimental pigs were kept in one room according to the accepted technology in group cages equipped with a wooden floor. The mode of feeding and drinking, parameters of the microclimate in both groups were the same. According to the results of tests conducted at the Ukrainian Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, it was established that soybeans contain genetically modified deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), have the target sequence of the 35S+FMV promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus and the NOS terminator (nopaline synthase) of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The specific activity of 137Cs in the longest back muscle of pigs varied by group within 3.7-10.3 Bq/kg and did not exceed permissible levels (DR-2006 = 200 Bq/kg). When used as part of the GM soybean grain mixture, the concentration of radiocesium in the muscle tissue of animals of the II (experimental) group relative to the control decreased by 6.6 Bq/kg, or by 64.1% with a statistically significant difference (Р> 0.95). Moreover, the accumulation rate of 137Cs in the longest back muscle of piglets was 0.46-0.95 and was 2.1 times higher in young pigs that received grain mixture No. 1 without GM soybeans, compared to the use of grain mixture No. 2. The concentration of Pb in the slaughter products of experimental animals was significantly lower than the MPC, while the level of contamination of the longest back muscle of pigs Cd exceeded the regulatory requirements by 1.40-1.44 times. The introduction of 60% (by mass) of corn gain and 10% of GM soybeans into the grain mixture instead of the same amount of wheat grain, lupine and sunflower cake for fattening young pigs in the III zone of radioactive pollution contributes to a smaller accumulation of heavy metals in meat: Pb – by 17.5%, Cd – by 2.8%, Cu – by 4.2%. Therefore, the transition coefficients of Pb and Cd into the muscle tissue of animals of the II (experimental) group relative to the analogues of the I (control) group increased by 1.24% and 3.02% respectively, and Cu decreased by 0.23%.

Hygienic justification of use absorbent Polyphan-K when growing piglets

The introduction of intensive livestock production technologies involves a significant concentration of livestock in a limited area, which contributes to the spread of conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microflora and, as a result, the occurrence of diseases of farm animals. Therefore, it is necessary to develop highly efficient disinfection means to ensure a stable veterinary well -being of livestock, the efficiency of which should be investigated at the stage of development and selection of substances, since a significant number of currently now proposed disinfectants are toxic, immunosuppressive and have a distant impact on the body. The search for new, more effective and harmless disinfectants, especially complex disinfectants, has been and remains a topical problem of modern veterinary medicine. The materials of this article highlights the issues of substantiating the use of polyfhan absorbent in the process of growing pigs of large white breed of different sexual groups. For the first time, the normalizing effect of polyfhan absorbent on the microclimate indoors for growing pigs, their natural resistance, the intensity of body weight gain and the development of piglets and the development of erythropoiesis and metabolic processes in tissues, which have a positive effect on the conservation and intensity At a certain optimal dose of use- 50 g/m² of area, once a day for 7 days of the postnatal period. The use of the polyfan-K absorbent at a dose of 20-100 g/m² does not cause any side effects, but instead the conservation of pigs increases to 95-98 %, and weight gain increases by 18.8 %.The positive effect of the absorbent of Polyfan-K in production conditions on natural resistance of piglets gives reason to recommend its use in the process of growing pigs. The material of the presented studies is presented in «Recommendations for the use of the absorbent of Polyfan-K for growing pigs». Key words: pig farming, piglets, hygienic justification, conditions of keeping, disinfectant, natural resistance, metabolic processes, preservation, growth intensity.

Comparative assessment of reproductive capacity of boar-sires depending on the breed and season

The article highlights the results of the reproductive capacity of different breeds of boar sires in the farms of eastern, southern, and central regions of Ukraine in dynamics over three years are given. It represented the influence of the year's season on sperm quality by estimating the ejaculate volume, concentration, and motility of sperm of boars-sires of the different breeds and their hybrids. Data were also calculated on the culling of ejaculates of boar sires of various breeds for the years 2019–2021 in the dynamics. In a comparative aspect, the indicators were analyzed by the following genotypes: Large White, Ukrainian Meat, Landrace, Duroc, Yorkshire, and synthetic line Makster. The reproductive capacity of boars was within the limits of the indicators for the elite and first classes. However, specific differences were observed between boars of different breeds, which were constant and took place during the three studied years. The difference in the concentration of sperm in the ejaculates of the Ukrainian Meat breed gradually decreased starting from 2019 and was the smallest in 2021. The highest ejaculate volume was found in boars of the Ukrainian meat breed (310.9 ± 113.2 cm3), and the sperm concentration was the highest in boar sires of the Large White breed (215.7 ± 83.5 million/cm3). On the other side, hybrids of the Large White breed had low indicators compared to other groups of animals (Large White × Yorkshire – 184.2 ± 68.5 million/cm3, Large White × Makster – 189.0 ± 59.7 million/cm3). Sperm motility did not undergo significant breed differences: the average annual indicator of motility was 7.6 ± 0.09 points, and it was the highest in the winter period (8.6 ± 0.11 points), however, for the established variances; the dilution was used 1.65–3.58 times and a high percentage of unusable sperm (15.4–29.4 % of the total amount) was established in a large number of samples. According to the results of the annual analysis of the sperm production of boars, a high degree of culling of ejaculates was established for various reasons (high level of sperm agglutination (52.3–74.0 %), low concentration of germ cells (14.5–29.8 %), presence of foreign impurities (5,8–12.4 %). The highest percentage of culling was in summer (20.3 %). Thus, the obtained results showed the breed and seasonal characteristics of the reproductive capacity of breeding boars.

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PIGS WITH DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF SLC11A1 AND FUT1 DNA MARKER

The article highlights the results of research of the growth and development characteristics of pigs with different genotypes of DNA markers of resistance to infectious diseases.
 The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of genes polymorphisms related to disease resistance on the growth and development of pigs and to assess the feasibility of using these markers in selection with the Large White breed. In order to achieve the goal, a number of tasks were solved: typing of SLC11A1 (NRAMP1) and FUT1 genes of the breeding herd of pigs of the inbred type UVB-3 (factory type "Bagachansky"); based on the results of typing, sub-experimental groups were formed and the growth and development of pigs of different genotypes were studied; an assessment of the influence of the specified DNA markers on absolute and relative growth, intensity of formation, tension and uniformity of growth of the experimental stock was carried out; the prospects of selection work based on the investigated DNA markers are determined.
 Material and methods. The research was carried out on purebred Large White pigs of the farm type "Bagachansky" of the farm "Plehiv-Agro" of the Poltava region. Genetic studies were carried out at the Institute of Pig Breeding and Agro-Industrial Production of the National Academy of Sciences. DNA typing was performed by the PCR-RFLP method. The live weight of experimental animals was determined monthly starting from weaning at 28 days until reaching the age of six months. Based on the results of weighing, average daily gain, absolute and relative growth, as well as indices of formation intensity, tension and uniformity of growth were calculated. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the Genalex 6 and Microsoft Excel 2019 programs.
 Results and conclusions. It was established that experimental pigs have a sufficiently high level of polymorphism for genetic markers SLC11A1/HinfI 334 C > T and FUT1 SNP g. 307 G > A to carry out an associative analysis. The Polymorphism Information Content index of according to these markers was equal to 0.350 and 0.320 units, respectively, which testifies to the value of the farm type "Bagachanskyi" for preserving the genetic diversity of pigs. It was established that the TT genotype of the DNA marker SLC11A1/HinfI 334 (associated with increased general resistance to infectious diseases) has a positive effect on the intensity of growth of pigs, as evidenced by higher growth after rearing and a 4.86% higher live weight at the age of 6 months (p < 0.05). The AA genotype of the DNA marker FUT1 g.307 G > A (associated with resistance to colibacteriosis) had a positive effect on the uniformity of growth of pigs, at the same time, the growth intensity of the influence of this marker was not detected, which indicates the feasibility of carrying out selection work on this gene to create a line pigs resistant to colibacteriosis. However, among animals with different FUT1 g.307 G > A genotypes, homozygotes with the G allele (susceptible to colibacteriosis) had the highest formation intensity, the difference was 12.19%. Probably, after weaning, piglets susceptible to the disease reduced growth rates after inoculation with opportunistic microorganisms, and after the completion of the infectious process, compensatory growth occurred. This assumption is consistent with the decrease in relative gains in piglets with genotype GG and AG in the period of 28–60 days and the increase in relative gains in these two groups in the period of 2–3 months. Whereas, in the group of piglets with the FUT1 AA genotype, the relative growth constantly decreased with age.
 Genotypes associated with better resistance to infectious diseases SLC11A1/HinfI 334 TT and FUT1 AA are characterized by lower intensity of formation and better uniformity of growth, which positively affected the fattening productivity and can be used in selection work. No negative impact of genotypes associated with increased resistance to infectious diseases (and in some cases a positive impact was established) on the growth and development of experimental pigs was found. Marker-associated selection based on the studied genes will contribute to the creation of new structural elements of a Large White breed of pigs with increased growth intensity and improved resistance to infectious diseases.