INFLUENCE OF MICROCLIMATE PARAMETERS ON THE REPRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF SOWS OF THE LARGE WHITE BREED AND THE GROWTH INTENSITY OF SUCKLING PIGLETS IN THE WINTER AND SPRING SEASONS

Abstract

Goal. To study the influence of the main parameters of the microclimate, namely: temperature, relative humidity and air movement speed, on the reproductive qualities of sows of the Large White breed and the intensity of growth of suckling piglets in the winter and spring periods of the year. Methods. Analytical: the reproductive qualities, zootechnical, physical and biometric analyses. The results. According to the results of the studies of the obtained microclimate parameters in the room for housing pigs, an analysis of the reproductive qualities of sows during winter and spring farrowing was carried out, where no significant difference in terms of indexes was found. It was determined that air temperature had a dominant influence on growth intensity and productivity of suckling piglets. The best indexs was obtained in the II - experimental group, in which the increase in the temperature in the piglets' den by 1.3 and 1.2 єС contributed to the growth of the average monthly absolute and average daily gains in live weight of piglets by 0.11 kg and 3.8 g in the winter season (5.96 kg and 205.52 g) and by 0.14 kg and 4.83 g (6.11 kg and 210.69 g) in the spring, compared to the analogues of the control group (5.85 kg; 201.72 g) and 5.97 kg; 205.86 g). According to the calculations of the evaluation indexes of the reproductive capacity of sows I and P in the periods of farrowing and lactation, an insignificant advantage of these indexes was noted in the II - research group, in winter, by 0.45 (I = 37.49) and 3.83points (Р = 105,26) compared to the control (I = 37.04; Р = 101.43), in the spring, by 0.38 (I = 37.81) and 3.92 points (Р= 105.44) compared to the control group ( I = 37.43; P = 101.52). The relative humidity and speed of air movement in the winter season between the groups rangedfrom 53.5 to 56.3 % andfrom 0.24 to 0.31 m/s and, accordingly, in the spring season - 47.3-51.6 % and 0.19-0.26 m/s. Conclusions. Temperature, relative humidity and speed of air movement did not significantly affect the reproductive qualities of sows in the winter and spring periods of the year. However, better microclimatic conditions for housing suckling piglets clearly provided better indexes of their growth intensity. Key words: pigs, microclimate, fertility, evaluation indexes, live weight, absolute gain, average daily gain, relative gain, preservation.