Alternative ways of using the mushroom substrate as an additive for feed with the purpose of improving animal productivity in agriculture (review)

Abstract

In modern agriculture, considerable attention is paid to the search for effective and environmentally safe methods of increasing animal productivity. One of the promising directions is the use of mushroom substrate as feed additives. Residual mushroom substrate is often considered as waste, but its processing and use can help reduce feed costs and increase farm profitability. In addition, the use of mushroom substrate helps to reduce the burden on the environment, promoting a closedproduction cycle. In the article it is considered the alternative ways of using mushroom substrate as a feed additive in order to improve the productivity of animals in agriculture. Mushroom substrate, the residual product after growing mushrooms, contains a rich complex of nutrients, such as proteins, vitamins, minerals and other bioactive components. The use of this substrate as a feed additive can provide economic benefits for farms, reducing the cost of traditional feed and increasing animal productivity. Studies indicate a positive effect of the mushroom substrate on the health of animals, in particular on the improvement of immunity and the general physiological state. In addition to economic benefits, the use of mushroom substrate helps to reduce the amount of waste and improve the environmental sustainability of agriculture, meeting the principles of circular economy and sustainable development. Objective. To analyze alternative ways of using mushroom substrate as animal feed additives. In the article it is reviewed modern research and practical experience of using mushroom substrate, its chemical composition and potential benefits for animal husbandry. Special attention is paid to the effect of mushroom substrate on the health of animals, their productivity and general economic indicators of farms. Revealing the potential of mushroom substrate as a feed additive can be an important step in the development of sustainable agriculture, in particular, in the conditions of growing demand for food and resources for its production. Conclusions. The article emphasizes the needfor further research to optimize the methods of using the mushroom substrate in feed rations of various animal species and to develop new technologies for its processing. The practical implementation of these studies can significantly increase the efficiency and competitiveness of agricultural enterprises. Keywords: mushroom substrate, chemical composition, feed additive, animal productivity, agriculture, bioactive components, feeding.