Largest Source Research Articles

Geological, geochemical and fluid inclusion features of Kömürlükdere and Göçükdibi Cu-Zn ore (Central Pontides, Turkey): Implications for their genesis

The Kömürlükdere and Göçükdibi Cu-Zn ores are located in the Central Pontide orogenic belt, where Besshi-type deposits (such as Hanönü, Zeybek, Sayyayla [Kastamonu]) have been discovered in last two decades. The Göçükdibi and Kömürlükdere ores are hosted in metabasites and quartz schist that belong to the Middle Jurassic Kunduz metamorphic rocks in the accretionary complex in the Central Pontides. The ore bodies show stratiform features, parallel to schistosity, within an alternation of metabasite and quartz schist succession. The average thicknesses of the ore zone and ore levels within the ore zone are 12 m and 3 cm, respectively. The ore bodies contain chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and magnetite, with dominant pyrite formed during the ore formation phase. Meanwhile, hematite, covellite, malachite, and goethite minerals formed during the supergene processes.Microprobe studies showed that the Fe and Cd content of sphalerite varies from 0.08 to 1.12 wt%, indicating Fe-poor sphalerite, and 0.08–0.27 wt%, respectively. The Zn/Cd ratios (average 274.4 for Kömürlükdere, 288.6 for Göçükdibi) of the sphalerite are comparable to those of the worldwide volcanogenic-massive sulfide (VMS) ore system related to andesitic-basaltic source rocks. The Co/Ni ratio (mean 3.2) of pyrite shows volcanogenic pyrite.The average δ34S of the stratiform pyrites is 3.9 ‰ (ranging from 2.06 ‰ to 5.34 ‰), indicating that the sulfur comes from a large homogeneous source, possibly magmatic. The average homogenization temperature (Th) and salinity of fluid inclusions obtained from quartz and sphalerite are 313 °C and 7.7 % equiv. NaCl, respectively, and similar to those of the global VMS deposits.The metabasites contain an average of 164 ppm Cu, 127 ppm Zn, and 2.2 ppm Sb, which shows enrichment several times greater than the background value of the basalts. Meanwhile the ore levels contain an average 0.23 % and 0.83 % Cu and Zn values, respectively. The trace metal enrichment of associated metabasites and the ore zones is evident for elements such as Cu, Zn, Cd, As, and Sb, indicating that they both precipitated in the same basin as syngenetic, and that there was repeated pulses of metal-rich fluids exhaled into the basin.Field observations and analytical data (mineral chemistry, sulfur isotope, fluid inclusion, etc.) show that the Kömürlükdere and Göçükdibi Cu-Zn ore bodies occurred as Besshi-type deposits within the Middle Jurassic Central Pontide Supercontinent, which developed in the marine environment appropriate to the accretionary complex located along the southern margin of Eurasia.

Combining monthly wind and inflow uncertainties in the stochastic dual dynamic programming

AbstractFollowing a global trend, intermittent sources, especially wind, have been experiencing accelerated growth in Brazil—in the last decade, wind power grew 13 times and became the second largest source in the electricity mix (12%), just behind hydropower (60%). Currently, although following regulatory guidelines, the representation of wind power in the long-term operation planning model is done in a simplified way, based on the monthly average of the last five years of aggregated generation, thus demanding improvements. The objective of this work is to describe an approach to be used by the Brazilian power industry to represent the uncertainties of monthly wind power production in the SDDP algorithm applied in the long-term operation planning model, keeping the large-scale stochastic problem still computationally viable, when applied to large interconnected systems, especially with hydroelectric predominance. The proposed methodology comprises statistical clustering of wind regimes and definition of equivalent wind farms; evaluation of monthly transfer functions between wind speed and power production; integrated generation of monthly multivariate synthetic scenarios of inflows and winds, considering associated cross-correlations; and representing monthly wind power in the SDDP algorithm. The application to real configurations of the Brazilian interconnected system, including case studies related to the monthly operation program and the calculation of the maximum amount of energy that can be traded in long-term power purchase agreements, points to its effectiveness and the relevance of modeling the wind uncertainties in the long-term operation planning of large hydro-dominated systems.

Modeling atmospheric microplastic cycle by GEOS-Chem: An optimized estimation by a global dataset suggests likely 50 times lower ocean emissions

Modeling atmospheric microplastic cycle by GEOS-Chem: An optimized estimation by a global dataset suggests likely 50 times lower ocean emissions

TOP7: Dialy-ssist: A Complementary Dialysate Recycling System for Dialysate and Water conservation

Background: Hemodialysis (HD) is the dominant form of blood purification employed for patients with end-stage renal disease. Operationally, present HD systems utilize a hollow fiber kidney system in which blood is perfused thru while dialysate is cross-perfused over and surrounding the fiber bundle allowing for fluid, electrolyte and waste exchange, with equilibration based on the tonicity and ion concentration of the dialysate. Unfortunately, present systems require access to a large source of water and dialysate, are hospital or clinic-based, and non-portable. Here we examined the possibility of creating a system – “Dialy-ssist” to recapture dialysate and water, to allow for its reuse. Our long-term goal is to develop a system which has applicability to both hospital/clinic systems as well as for evolving home portable systems, freeing up the dependence and use of significant water supplies. As a first step here, we modeled the exchange efficiency needed for a dialysate recycling and water conservation system. Methods: A system was designed that utilizes activated charcoal, urease, zirconium oxide, and zirconium phosphate (Dialy-ssist). In silico modeling was performed to determine the optimal amount of activated charcoal, urease, hydroxyl zirconium oxide, and zirconium phosphate needed for removal of urea and ions such as Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Cl-. Wet in vitro confirmatory experiments were also defined. For these, effluent dialysate collected from a hospital hemodialysis system is run through the Dialy-ssist system for 4 hours, with samples taken hourly for analyte analysis and water purity assessment. Serial recycled dialysate will be compared to fresh utilized control. Results:In silico modeling revealed that for activated charcoal one ounce of activated charcoal will remove 90% or more of chloride, sodium, and potassium ions in the dialysate via perfusion through the system at 100 to 200 mL/min. Based on peer reviewed reaction kinetics for urea decomposition via urease, five grams of urease with excess zirconium oxide and zirconium phosphate is modeled to remove at least 30.4 mmol/L of urea, ~95%. Conclusion: Modeling of dialysate recycling via the Dialy-ssist system demonstrates its ability to adequately remove contaminants and achieve a purity level acceptable for clinical reuse. Salts and urea can be removed from the fluid with up to 90% efficiency allowing up to 3 cycles of recuse. Modeling also reveals that the system can conserve 36 – 108 liters of water. In vitro wet studies are ongoing to confirm and refine the efficacy of this system to advance it towards the clinic. Experiments will reveal solute actual removal rate compared to theoretical predictions. Samples collected over time will define the real lifespan of filters and sorbents of this system.

Pola Manajerial Zakat Dalam Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Islam

his study intends to explain and examine the managerial patterns of zakat in the perspective of sharia economic law using qualitative methods, with a literature study approach. That zakat in a review of sharia economic law has strategic and significant potential. Therefore, zakat needs to get managerial attention that has a sense of alignment and is consistent with the mechanism of zakat according to syaari' instructions. In addition, the position of the state or in capacity as a government must of course guard it with all seriousness with the sharia mindset always being the basic motivation, so that the managerial pattern applied can function significantly to improve the welfare of society in a comprehensive manner. In this way, empowered zakat can be an alternative solution for people's welfare and a large source of state foreign exchange. So that zakat does not only have religious-spiritual value alone, but also zakat actually has an effective and useful economic value.
 Keywords: zakat, economic value, Islamid economic

Ethical and Legal Considerations Within the Quantitative Research of Cryonics

Despite the extensive research within the cryonics field dating back to the early twentieth century, very little is known regarding its paired legal and ethical complications. Resulting of society's expansive fundamental ways, the community within modern times has expanded tenfold and scientific research such as cryonics has too. This study analyzes the vast legal implications that came from the increasingly popular yet prolonged use of cryonics within everyday life. Through imperative law, this study analyzes the ethical standards of the rising practice of cryonics by referencing past court cases ranging from American and global policies, laws, and amendments. An analysis of such documents yields a common justifiable explanation for cryonics' justified legal position and its inadvertent ethical protections. This study is part of a growing body of research reflecting American and foreign perspectives on the rising practice of cryonics within modern society. In analyzing a large source of legal policy within American and foreign affairs, this study will contribute to further analysis and research on cryonics.

A piezoelectric load-sharing-based platform for measuring dynamic six-dimensional forces/moments of large equipment in spacecraft

Measuring dynamic force is essential for improving equipment accuracy in the aerospace industry. This work presents a self-decoupled, load-sharing-based measurement platform for measuring dynamic force from large sources. Utilizing a load-sharing column increases the rigidity and load capacity of the platform. The measurement principle is thoroughly described. Moreover, the effects of the structural parameters of the platform on performance are then analyzed using finite element analysis, while the feasibility of the measurement principle is verified and an optimal set of structural parameters is obtained using response surface methodology. Finally, the load-sharing-based measuring platform is manufactured based on the analysis. According to the experimental findings, the proposed platform with the column has a 59.7% higher load capacity and a measured fundamental frequency of 1696 Hz. The measuring platform also exhibits strong static and dynamic linearity, high self-decoupling, and an average dynamic measurement error of less than 6%.

0028 Systematic Review: Time of day differences in complete blood count values

Abstract Introduction The complete blood count (CBC) is the most commonly ordered blood test with a large range of reference values that do not consider time of day for interpretation. Clinicians are largely unfamiliar with the influence of time of day on CBC values. Our objective was to systematically review this topic to report on peak and trough timing of CBC values. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science was performed for studies evaluating any part of the CBC over 24 hours. The studies were screened for eligibility based on predetermined criteria including: measurement of a part of the CBC with at least 3 time points in 24 hours. In total, 164 full-text articles were screened and 32 were included in the final analysis. The aggregated data was analyzed with the Cosinor package of R statistical environment and Stata SE to create cosinor graphs and Forest plots for each component of the CBC, respectively. Results Of the 32 articles, a metalysis was performed on the following CBC subsets: leukocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Lymphocytes exhibited a statistically significant diurnal rhythm (p=0.014, n=10 articles) with a peak of 2280.10 cells/uL at 23:17 (CI: 1731.80, 2828.40) and trough of 1661.49 cells/uL at 08:53 (CI: 1242.64, 2080.33). Erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit peaked in the morning; while platelets, neutrophils, monocytes, and basophils peaked in the late afternoon and early evening; and lymphocytes and eosinophils peaked late at night. High heterogeneity in the results across studies was noted, likely attributable to the difference in circadian factors controlled. Limitations include the small sample size for each component of the CBC, the limited samples included in the meta analysis, and the significant heterogeneity affecting the results. Conclusion There are significant time of day changes in CBC values that might be important to consider as we move towards precision medicine. Given the limited number of studies with small sample sizes, future work should evaluate large data sources to inform time-dependent interpretation of the CBC. Support (if any)

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Decommissioning Manmade Structures in the Marine Environment; Current Trends and Implications for the Future

The decommissioning of manmade structures in the marine environment causes large volumes of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to be released. Current GHG emissions calculation methods for decommissioning offshore oil and gas industry infrastructure leave large sources of GHG emissions unaccounted for. The results presented here show that these consequential decommissioning GHG emissions are underreported by 50%. Until now, no study has looked at the cumulative impact of decommissioning, but this study shows that globally offshore oil and gas infrastructure decommissioning has produced 25 MtCO2e to date, around 0.5% of annual global GHG emissions. Importantly, this study also shows that due to the growth of the offshore wind industry, increasing numbers of manmade structures will be emplaced in the marine environment, and GHG emissions from decommissioning will increase 200-fold to 5 GtCO2e by 2067. Crucially, this growth of GHG emissions is not compatible with the Paris Agreement, and new decommissioning methods will be required to meet this challenge.

Significant monthly and diel variations of CH4 emission from a shallow eutrophic lake with submerged aquatic vegetation

Shallow eutrophic lakes with submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) are a large source of atmospheric methane (CH4) emissions. However, current estimates of CH4 emissions from lakes are uncertain owing to the lack of data on the diel and monthly variability of CH4 emissions. In this study, we conducted monthly diel measurements in Ulansuhai Lake, China during the ice-free period (April to October, 2019) to determine the diel and monthly variability of CH4 emissions. The diffusive CH4 emission flux (FCH4d) from June to September was significantly higher (∼5- to 10-fold) than that from April, May, and October, accounting for > 92% of the total emissions. Daytime measurements would overestimate emissions if extrapolated to the whole day because FCH4d during daytime was higher than that during nighttime. Mean daily FCH4d emission estimates are overestimated by 25%, ranging from 11% in summer to 46% in spring based solely on daytime measurement. The sampling sites were net sources of CH4 emissions, with total FCH4 of 9.74 ± 9.06 mmol m−2 d−1. FCH4d increased sharply when the water temperature was above 20 °C. FCH4 (CO2 eq) accounted for over 90% of the total greenhouse gas emissions (CH4 plus CO2), with the majority occurring from June to September. Our findings indicate that diel and monthly variations should be considered for more accurate estimation of CH4 emissions from the lakes with SAV.

Case Study: Effect of mechanical short-circuiting of isolation pads on rooftop equipment noise and vibration transfer to spaces below.

The authors conducted investigations into noise from large rooftop air source heat pump (HP) equipment to student housing units below in a new concrete building. The investigation included both airborne noise and vibration measurements on the roof and in the dwelling units below. A total of five, 18-Ton devices were mounted on a foam-filled concrete housekeeping pad resting on an 8-inch thick PT structural slab and isolated by means of spring mounts fitted with neoprene isolation pads below their baseplate. The dwelling units below had exposed concrete at the ceiling, shear walls, and columns. Noise from the HPs were waking residents in the units directly below the equipment. After a number of adjustments to the spring isolation mounts to eliminate bindings and mechanical short-circuits, the investigation showed that vibration was also being transmitted to the building structure from the isolator base plates through the anchor bolts, bypassing the noise pads below the baseplate. Removal of this secondary short-circuit resulted in noticeable reductions in both noise and vibration at the spaces below, highlighting the need for careful adjustment and the provision of additional isolation elements in the installation.

The seasonal cycle of cloud radiative effects over Congo Basin based on CERES observation and comparison to CMIP6 models

This study investigates the seasonal variability of the cloud radiative effects (CREs) over Congo Basin (CB) using 15-year observations from Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Energy Budget and Filled (EBAF) Ed4.1 level 3b dataset involving CERES and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments on board Terra and Aqua satellites. The relationships between CREs and cloud properties such as total cloud fraction (TCF), cloud top height (CTH), cloud top temperature (CTT) and cloud optical thickness (COT) are checked. An evaluation of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) Phase 6 in capturing the seasonal cycle of CREs as well as the magnitudes of the CREs along the seasonal cycle is also performed. This study shows a net cloud cooling effect of −8.4 W/m2 and − 43.9 W/m2 respectively at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and at the surface, leading to a net warming effect of 35.67 W/m2 in the atmosphere. This value implies a large energy source over the Central Africa (CA) atmospheric column. The associated relationships between CREs and cloud properties show that the shortwave CRE is more sensitive to TCF and optical thickness whereas its longwave counterparts is more sensitive to CTH, CTT and COT at the TOA and in the atmosphere. All of the four CMIP6 models used in this study can capture the spatial pattern of CREs as well as their seasonal cycle but misrepresent intensity of CREs. Results also show that a better-simulated TCF considerably reduces the intensity of the annual mean underestimation in both longwave and shortwave CRE for some CMIP6 models, but not for models with overestimated shortwave CRE.

Storm response and multi-annual recovery of eight coastal dunes spread along the Atlantic coast of Europe

Coastal dunes are natural barriers against coastal flooding, and represent large sources of sediment to mitigate coastal erosion, besides being a natural habitat for many living beings. Yet, these complex environments are threatened by sea level rise and possibly enhanced storminess in the future. Most of the studies on coastal dune erosion and recovery from storms are either site specific or focus on a short-time scale, from months to a couple of years. Here, airborne LiDAR data collected from 2011 to 2020 at eight diverse coastal dunes, spread from NW England to SW France, were analysed to study their response, and recovery from the most energetic extreme storms wave conditions since at least 1948. Results show that the 2013/14 winter was the first or second largest erosive event (from −14 to −290 m3/m dune volume loss) from 2011 to 2020 at all sites. The magnitude of storm-driven sand volume loss was mainly controlled by dune face slope (r = 0.84). Dunes with steeper pre-storm slopes lost the largest volumes of sand. At a dune scale, the scarping height was also well correlated to the dune face slope at sites where storm response was characterized by limited alongshore variability. Dune recovery was site specific (no recovery, partial, complete, excess), with dunes that either progressively returned to their pre-storm morphology or were reshaped while recovering. Percentage of dune sand volume recovery was well correlated to the local and long-term satellite-derived shoreline change rate computed from 1984 to 2021 (r = 0.81), suggesting that dune recovery is mainly controlled by the local coastal sediment budget. The rate of dune crest elevation increase (from 4.2 to 12 cm/year) at four of the study sites from 2011 to 2020, largely exceeded sea level rise rate over the past decade (3.3 ± 0.7 mm/year). These results provide key insight into the contrasting resilience of some of the most exposed coastal dunes along the Atlantic coast that recover at different rates following the same sequence of extreme storms.

Bioactive Compounds of Filamentous Fungi with Biological Activity: a Systematic Review

Filamentous fungi are a rich source of bioactive compounds, which make them a promising resource for the discovery of new drugs. Objective: The objective of this study was to systematically review research data on bioactive compounds of filamentous fungi with biological activity. Theoretical Frame: This study used, as a theoretical basis, the literature published in the Medline, Web of Science and Science Direct databases in the period from 2012 to 2021, with the main citations: Main Items for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (MASTARI). Method: A systematic electronic search was conducted in the Medline (PubMed), Web of Science (WoS) and Science Direct databases, using the descriptors “Filamentous fungi” AND “Bioactive compounds”, in order to identify articles related to the selected topic. The articles were selected by three independent reviewers among those published in English in the last 10 years. Results and Conclusions: The search resulted in 151 articles, of which 8 met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for bias risk assessment using six quality criteria. Filamentous fungi are a large and promising source of bioactive compounds due to various biological activities such as strong inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4B, cytotoxicity against cancer cells, and antimicrobial, immunosuppressive, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. In view of the results, further efforts are hoped to discover new drugs from filamentous fungi. Currently, several studies are being developed with different strains of filamentous fungi collected in different environments, such as forests, sea, icy regions and soil. Aspergillus and Penicillium are among the most studied genera. These fungi produce several bioactive compounds, some already reported and others recently discovered. In vitro and in silico studies are being used to test the different biological activities provided by bioactive compounds; therefore, the results of these researches are very promising for the discovery of new drugs. Additionally, further studies are needed to test these activities in in vivo models. The results obtained are of great relevance for medicine and the pharmaceutical industry, as they bring an update of the main bioactive compounds and their biological activities from biodiversity, which can be used in the development of new drugs capable of fighting different diseases. Still, they can help the academic and scientific community about what has been studied and what remains to be researched. In the future, other species and strains of fungi can be studied, aiming to discover new bioactive compounds with biological activity; for this, fungi can be collected from different environments, such as forests, sea and soil microbiota, or isolated from plants, extreme and remote environments. In this way, it would be possible to make better use of the world's biodiversity, use molecular-based approaches and tools and produce resources capable of improving the quality of human life. Implications of the research: This study is highly relevant for the purposes of the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental da Universidade de Pernambuco, Campus Garanhuns, as well as for the entire academic, scientific and pharmaceutical community interested in discovering new bioactive compounds with biological activity. Originality and value: The study sought to present to the academic, scientific and pharmaceutical community what is currently being researched on bioactive compounds of filamentous fungi with biological activity, providing current information and main researchers, indicating what remains to be investigated and collaborating for the environmental and social management of the sector of health.

4E analysis of the cryogenic CO2 separation process integrated with waste heat recovery

Carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is an attractive method to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions originating from fossil fuels burned from large single-point sources. CO2 separation from a CO2-laden gas stream is the first stage of CCUS. In this investigation, a cryogenic distillation-based CO2 separation process (CCSP) is developed. CCSP is modified to utilize waste heat obtained in the process for reducing the energy consumption of CO2 separation. Two modifications are carried out in the process which include (i) heat integration (HI) with CCSP (CCSP + HI) of the reboiler with the heat from hot streams available in the process and further, (ii) energy recovery by using the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) operating between gas compressor temperature and ambient temperature (CCSP + HI + ORC). The parametric and 4 E (energy, exergy, economic, and environmental) analysis results obtained for the CCSP + HI, CCSP + ORC, and CCSP + HI + ORC processes are compared with those of CCSP. The net electrical energy required to operate the compressor for CCSP is 2.7%, 7%, and 21.8% higher than that for CCSP + HI, CCSP + ORC, and CCSP + HI + ORC, respectively.

THE CULTURE AND YOUTH RESILIENCE STRATEGIES: A QUALITATIVE INQUIRY

Youth face a variety of difficulties and obstacles as they mature. Bullying, racial discrimination, trouble adjusting, parental divorce, and parental pressures for accomplishment are all sources of stress or risk factors. However, little is known about the components that contribute to teenage resilience development. The process of negotiating, managing, and adjusting to a large source of stress or trauma is referred to as resilience. Internal and external variables have an impact on resilience. External influences include the individual's attachment to culture, as well as cognitive ability and gender. The study's goal is to look at the cultural elements that influence the development of youth resilience. The research method was descriptive qualitative, with interviews conducted through focus group discussions (FGD) with 31 high school and vocational high school students from several large cities and regencies in the islands of Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Bali, and Lombok. According to the study's findings, there is a contribution from local cultural values that promotes youth resilience. Life values such as modest living and respect for the elderly are part of the local culture. Several strategies are employed in the development of youth resilience. Youth resilience may be built by strengthening independent drive, mutual trust, confidence, seeing difficulties, and controlling emotions. The five strategies can help individuals and prosocial persons improve their interactions.

Fruits as nutraceuticals: A review of the main fruits included in nutraceutical patents

Fruits have relevant usefulness in the elaboration of nutraceutical compositions and, as it is considered a “natural medicine”, its market has been growing exponentially each year. Fruits, in general, contain a large source of phytochemicals, carbohydrates, vitamins, amino acids, peptides and antioxidants that are of interest to be prepared as nutraceuticals. The biological properties of its nutraceuticals can range from antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anti-Alzheimer, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, among others. Furthermore, the need for innovative extraction methods and products reveals the importance of developing new nutraceutical compositions. This review was developed by searching patents of nutraceuticals from January 2015 until January 2022 in Espacenet, the search database of the European Patent Office (EPO). Of 215 patents related to nutraceuticals, 43% (92 patents) were including fruits, mainly berries. A great number of patents were focused on the treatment of metabolic diseases, representing 45% of the total patents. The principal patent applicant was the United States of America (US), with 52%. The patents were applied by researchers, industries, research centers and institutes. It is important to highlight that from 92 fruit nutraceutical patent applications reviewed, 13 already have their products available on the market.

Current Advances in Immunomodulatory Biomaterials for Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering

AbstractBiomaterials have gained immense attention for various diseases due to their unique advantages over chemical drugs regarding cost, ease of production, toxicity, and therapeutic efficacy. However, these materials need an inert delivery system that locally delivers cells and minimally elicits foreign body response (FBR). In this aspect, various immunomodulatory biomaterials, including silk, collagen, fibrin, hyaluronic acid, and alginate‐based biomaterials, have great potential due to large natural sources, ease of extraction, low cost, chemical inertness, facile surface functionalization, long‐term polymeric stability, high biocompatibility, and fine tunability of biomaterials sizes and shapes. In this review article, the recent advancements in the biomedical applications of immunomodulatory biomaterials in different diseases, including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, bone regeneration, etc, are highlighted. Moreover, the FBR on immunomodulatory biomaterials is discussed and the current and future strategies for the potential mitigation of considerable immune responses toward immunomodulatory biomaterials and devices are highlighted.

Unmanned-aerial-vehicle based optical camera communication system using light-diffusing fiber and rolling-shutter image-sensor.

We put forward and demonstrate a light-diffusing fiber equipped unmanned-aerial-vehicle (UAV) to provide a large field-of-view (FOV) optical camera communication (OCC) system. The light-diffusing fiber can act as a bendable, lightweight, extended and large FOV light source for the UAV-assisted optical wireless communication (OWC). During UAV flying, the light-diffusing fiber light source could be tilted or bended; hence, offering large FOV as well as supporting large receiver (Rx) tilting angle are particularly important for the UAV-assisted OWC systems. To improve the transmission capacity of the OCC system, one method based on the camera shutter mechanism, which is known as rolling-shuttering is utilized. The rolling-shuttering method makes use of the feature of complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor to extract signal pixel-row by pixel-row. The data rate can be significantly increased since the capture start time for each pixel-row is different. As the light-diffusing fiber is thin and occupies only a few pixels in the CMOS image frame, Long-short-term-memory neural-network (LSTM-NN) is used to enhance the rolling-shutter decoding. Experimental results show that the light-diffusing fiber can satisfactorily act as an "omnidirectional optical antenna" providing wide FOVs and 3.6 kbit/s can be achieved, accomplishing the pre-forward error correction bit-error-rate (pre-FEC BER = 3.8 × 10-3).

A Comparative result-based study on Criminal Call Data Record Analysis

All calls that travel through a phone exchange are recorded in detail in call detail records or CDRs. The telephone exchange maintains this CDR, which includes the time of the call, the length of the call, the source and destination numbers, the type of the call, etc. Call data logs are crucial for handling serious criminal cases. Processing of Call Detail Records is now moving towards real-time streaming data. It assists in real-time call detail record analysis, real-time criminal location tracking, and real-time network behaviour analysis. However, the number, diversity, and data rate of these Call Detail Records are enormous, and the current telecom systems were not developed with these challenges in mind. The largest source, which can be viewed as Call Detail Records, can be used (for storage, processing, and analysis). The issues that the telecom sector has with call detail records analysis are the subject of extensive research. In this paper we demonstrate how to use Excel, data mining & graph mining to analyse call detail records of criminal case.