Large-scale Residential Development Research Articles

Edible Garden Cities: Rethinking Boundaries and Integrating Hedges into Scalable Urban Food Systems

Connecting to and extending recent debates around more-than-human thinking, this paper explores how porous boundary treatments and plot layouts might encourage ecological exchanges within new urban and peri-urban developments. This study therefore responds to suggestions for innovative plot designs that facilitate positive trans-species interactions, especially considering wider anxieties surrounding biodiversity loss and recognition of the need for climate-resilient garden spaces. Focusing on a recent example of a large-scale residential development in the English midlands, this paper outlines the socio-economic, cultural and ecological significance of embedding different hedgerow designs into early planning considerations; revealing the need to move beyond current models. The discussion then turns to how such ambitions might encourage sustainable land use, particularly through creating potentially scalable urban agricultural systems that sustain healthy food choices.

Neoliberal peri-urban economies and the predicament of dairy farmers: a case study of the Illawarra region, New South Wales.

Rural Australia has been experiencing dramatic agricultural restructuring. A major contributor to this in some areas is peri-urban and rural residential developments, and amenity/lifestyle developments, including those associated with the inflow of urban middle-class groups into rural areas. These processes are intertwined with neoliberal trends in agri-food governance, and have complex effects on farming. However, there is a lack of farm-level studies that explore how professional farmers have been interacting and co-existing with urban/suburban development while also undertaking agricultural intensification and innovation. This study aims to examine how residential and amenity/lifestyle developments have unfolded in the Illawarra region, New South Wales, and come to influence and interact with local dairy farmers who are also managing the consequences of industry restructuring particularly from 2000. Based on semi-structured interviews, this study shows that with their proximity to Sydney, Illawarra dairy farms are influenced by deregulated planning systems, large-scale residential development, amenity driven demand for rural land, and the amenity/lifestyle economy. These processes bring farmers commercial opportunities and drive farmers to form new social and economic relationships with land buyers and investors. However, it has been increasingly difficult for farmers to acquire land for farming locally. They are also subjected to the expectations and demands of new landholders, including in relation to farm externalities and animal welfare. Farmers have to transform their production systems to fit into this context. The above factors together generate a form of multifunctional rural space.

Project Proposals for Models Scenarios of Life in Residential Buildings of the City

The article explores the issues of a large-scale residential development, its evolution and modern forms. In the result of the conducted research it was found out that every person daily follows definite scenarios depending on his needs and individual preferences. Every scenario implies certain preferences in the four spheres. Based on the different scenario combinations different spatial solutions can be applied, individual looks of every residential complex can be formed. Varying degree of functional diversity presupposes the application of different spatial parameters of site development. Based on the diversity of scenario models of everyday life we can distinguish options changing city-dwellers life and making it more comfortable.

Morphological periodization of large-scale residential development in Krasnoyarsk

This article is dedicated to examination and testing of the modern methods of morphological analysis of the territories of large-scale residential development. The urban planning theory marks the emergence of works on the study of morphotypification of residential construction of different periods. A number of recent publications provide the analysis of the morphotypes of urban environment using GIS technologies to determine such parameters as the density of urban fabric, porosity and ratio of open and closed spaces, number of storeys in a building; nature of the relative positions of buildings in a residential group, neighborhood unit, etc. The author outlines the new vectors in studying construction patterns and evolution of topography of large-scale residential development plan. The goal of this research lies in determination of the morphological periods of large-scale residential development in Krasnoyarsk based on the analysis of topology, study of the structure of the plan based on geoinformation data analysis. The article aims to determine the construction periods of large-scale residential development through the use of mathematical analysis; analyze the topology of the plan of living quarters of various construction periods; establish the morphotypes of residential planning units that are characteristic to the periods of large-scale residential construction; substantiate the morphological periods of neighborhood units of large-scale residential development. The author describes the typical morphotopes of residential development of the city based on determination of the preferred geometry and number of storeys in a building: “ribbon”, “dot”, “spline”, “L-shaped”, “U-shaped”, “circuit”. The article conducts a comprehensive calculation of morphotopes based on the key indicators, and reveals the morphotypes characteristic to different periods of large-scale residential construction: 1st period (1960–1975) – “ribbon development”; 2nd period (1975–1990) – “sporadic building” due to varying geometry of the building plan; 3rd  period (1990–2010) – “mixed housing” due to coexistence of different types of buildings; 4th period (2010–2020) – “homogeneous development” due to the presence of typical, recurring morphotope. Substantiation is given to morphological periods of residential construction.

Gentrification or …? Injustice in large-scale residential projects in Hanoi

Large-scale residential developments on expropriated lands in periurban Hanoi resemble forms of gentrification seen elsewhere. But is it gentrification? Current debate over the definition of gentrification has focused on whether the term has become too broad to be useful in different institutional and spatio-temporal contexts. While some push for a generalisable definition based in capitalist development, others argue that the term harbours Western assumptions that fail to usefully explain unique local circumstances. The paper first identifies one such conceptual assumption that must be made explicit since it provides the term’s politicising thrust: displacement generates an experience of social injustice. Then, drawing on surveys and interviews with residents as well as interviews with real estate agents, government officials and academics conducted in Hanoi between 2013 and 2017, the paper evaluates five types of displacement on the city’s outskirts. Because displacement only occurs in marginal cases and generates limited feelings of social injustice, the term ‘gentrification’ is of little use. Instead, the paper suggests that in a context of rapid urbanisation and relatively inclusive economic growth such as that of Hanoi the terms ‘livelihood dispossession’ and ‘value grabbing’ may better capture the experience of social injustice and are therefore more likely to generate political traction.

Analysis of Large-Scale Residential Development on Walking Environments in Surrounding Neighborhoods: A Before-and-After Comparison of Apartment Complex Developments in Seoul, Korea

Pedestrian mobility is an indicator of urban sustainability insofar as it affects walkability and social cohesion. This research focused on the relationship between large-scale residential development and the walking environments of surrounding neighborhoods in Seoul, Korea. Large-scale residential developments, such as apartment complexes, might disrupt pedestrian walking networks fully or partly, causing the separation of urban spaces and social disconnection. This paper conducted before-and-after analysis of apartment complex development on the walking environments of surrounding neighborhoods using the Urban Network Analysis (UNA) tool and Rhinoceros three-dimensional (3D) software. With UNA measures such as reach, gravity, straightness, and betweenness, this study examined three apartment complexes constructed between 2010 and 2017 in Seoul. Analysis results indicated that large-scale residential development in existing urban environments is likely to hinder walking environments in surrounding neighborhoods. This study suggests policy implications to improve walking environments in surrounding communities when large-scale apartment complexes are developed in existing urban environments.

Architecture of modern coastal development. Saint Petersburg realias and experience of Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Hamburg

Results of the first stage of territory development in the Gulf of Finland near the western coast of Vasilyevsky Island in Saint Petersburg are rated unsatisfactory. Results in the field of aesthetics, ecology, social stability and functional arrangement of the urban environment on new lands are negative. According to the analysis of experience in coastal areas' reconstruction in Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Hamburg, ambitious goals that were set for the project in Saint Petersburg were not achieved due to defects of the urban planning system — there was no centralized project management, activities of contractors, who neglected exclusive potential of the coastal area and its proximity to the historical core of the city, were insufficiently coordinated and controlled. It is argued that this is due to inertia of the Saint Petersburg design and construction system. During many years, it was focused on large-scale residential development of vast peripheral territories and, therefore, it was not capable to resolve issues related to development of highly urbanized environment in the city center. Omissions made during construction of a highway through the residential area are identified. The highway design does not provide reliable protection against negative impact on residential quarters. The route of the highway was designed as a bypass of the city center, but it became the shortest route to the center. It is noted that further development will offer opportunities for partial correction of the errors made. The new management team of the city architectural services considers the territory perspective for expansion of the Saint Petersburg center towards the water area of the Gulf of Finland.

The top tail of the property wealth distribution and the production of the residential environment

This article investigates the ways in which the structure of the private ownership of property affects the operation of land and housing markets. It draws on detailed Land Registry data to identify the types of actors found at the top of the property wealth distribution in Dudelange, Luxembourg, and to gauge their respective influence on the production of the residential environment. While the top tail is made up of property developers, landowners and super-landlords, an analysis of the planning and land assembly processes for six large scale residential developments in the city since the 1970s shows that the production of housing is driven by a small group of tightly interconnected private landowners and property developers. The level of property wealth concentration in a given territory is thus not innocuous – it affects the production of the residential environment, especially when multiple property ownership is interlinked with the concentrated control over residential land. The study complements discussions on the relation between property, wealth and the production of housing that focus on homeowners, small-scale private landlords and the super-rich (on the consumption side) and, on the production side, on selected actors such as financialised property developers and public landowners.

Os decretos de Habitação de Interesse Social e a flexibilização de parâmetros de uso e ocupação do solo na cidade de São Paulo no período de 1992 a 2016

A criação de uma legislação para empreendimentos de Habitação de Interesse Social (HIS) em São Paulo surgiu da necessidade de promover uma base legislativa para a política habitacional do município, a partir de 1992. São três os principais decretos do período entre 1992 e 2016: o decreto 31.601/1992, o 44.667/2004 e o 56.759/2016, que aconteceram em paralelo às discussões dos Planos Diretores Municipais, sendo os dois últimos sob a influência do Estatuto das Cidades. As duas primeiras versões mostraram significativos avanços no tocante à morfologia dos agrupamentos habitacionais, apostando na supressão dos conjuntos com grande extensão territorial em favor de habitação nas áreas centrais e na possibilidade de reurbanização dos assentamentos precários. No entanto, a cada atualização, lograram uma maior flexibilização em favor do setor privado, sob o discurso do déficit habitacional e da necessidade de provisão de unidades novas, em detrimento às ações voltadas à reurbanização e à regularização fundiária, o que modificou a intenção inicial do instrumento e os desígnios das políticas habitacionais do município.

Open space amenities and residential land use: An Australian perspective

In a competitive market the individuals will bid up house prices to a level reflecting the capitalised value of the benefits that property owners perceive they receive from the presence of amenities, however there have been relatively few recent studies into the relationship between house prices and active open space. This is an important area of research as active open space helps to address some of the high profile and emerging problems in society including lack of exercise, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. In the findings the distance to active open space was found to have a significant relationship with the level of house prices. When distance was broken down into 100 m intervals, associations differed in terms of their direction and strength. Since demand for access to active open space outweighs the demand for passive open space, the findings confirm that large-scale residential developments need the assistance of planning authorities to revise policy in response to changing community needs.

대규모 공동주택 개발계획의 보행로 조성 특성에 관한 연구 - 개별 아파트단지의 가구 보행축에서 동별 소로까지 설계방식을 중심으로 -

대규모 공동주택 개발계획의 보행로 조성 특성에 관한 연구 - 개별 아파트단지의 가구 보행축에서 동별 소로까지 설계방식을 중심으로 -

Impacts of large-scale residential projects on urban sustainability in Dammam Metropolitan Area, Saudi Arabia

Developing countries have been experiencing phenomenal urban growth within the last five decades, especially in urban areas. In fact, out of the anticipated 2.5 billion increase in world population by 2050, about 90% is expected to take place in just Asia and Africa. In Saudi Arabia, with urbanization rate of 83%, major cities are increasingly sprawling to carter for their increasing population. Dammam Metropolitan Area (DMA) is one of such cities that is witnessing the emergence of many large-scale residential development projects within the built-up areas and at the periphery. However, these projects have many implications on the sustainability of the built environmental. Based on review of official documents, maps and previous studies, this paper explores the nature, scale and unsustainable impacts of these projects. The present study found that there are 45 such projects covering about 32,807 ha of land in the study area, out of which about 11,740 hactares (or 35.8%) are infill into the Arabian Gulf. Other unsustainable features of these projects are exclusiveness, low density, single housing type and poor connectivity with the surroundings. The paper concludes with some recommendations towards sustainable urbanization in DMA.

VE 기법을 이용한 토취장 선정에 관한 연구

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to review that the VE techniques can be used as a selection tool of borrow pit locations. The analysis of the soil investigation report is performed for the selection of proposed borrow pit site on a large-scale residential development area. Possible earthwork volume of mining is estimated and the weighting matrix evaluation is applied to the VE techniques. After determining the evaluation items for VE assessment, important degree was calculated. The Rating and evaluation of performance is carried out on a proposed borrow pit site. And, development priority has to be decided for a proposed borrow pit sites. As a result, the relative construction cost is closely related to the haulage distance. As the haulage distance increases, the relative construction cost will be increased. Therefore, it was confirmed quantitatively that haulage distance has a significant impact on the select of borrow pits. Also, it was found that the condition of borrow pits itself is important, but it cannot be ignored the impact of the life cycle cost for the selection of optimal borrow pit sites.

高蔵寺ニュータウン開発計画に及ぼした自然環境構造の影響

Kozoji New Town is one of the earliest large-scale residential developments in Japan. The plan was based on a land readjustment project which took into consideration natural disasters such as Typhoon Vera, large-scale developments such as the Aichi Canal, and social situations such as the advance of motorization. The master plan for Kozoji New Town changed over time while continuing the search for an ideal form of replotting design and solutions for problems with the transport plans in consideration of the natural environment of the site, but eventually a unique plan was realized incorporating the valley’s large-scale main roads and pedestrian ways on the ridges branching out from the regional center which is concentrated in the one spot. In the process of changes in the master plan, the ‘natural environment’ of the site had considerable influence on the shedding of the neighborhood unit theory, the concentration and density of population and facilities in the centre and the pedestrian way connections. As Kozoji New Town made the local natural environment the fundamental structure of the new town, it became an opportunity for great changes in the attitudes towards planning spatial structures in subsequent new town planning, while continuing some development ideas from early New Town planning.

Reflections on the Construction of Affordable Housing Communities

From foreign experience and lessons, the urban living space differentiation has brought about serious social problems. At present, during the large-scale urban residential development and construction process in China, there is a trend of differentiation, but it is not yet fully formed. In this regard, the author is trying to find out the ways to build affordable housing communities through such measures as the government policy guidance, the building of a harmonious community, the employment of mixed living pattern, and the heritage of humanistic ideas.

Optimal Phasing and Inventory Decisions for Large-Scale Residential Development Projects

Land developers in select economic environments have been found to build in large increments and hold substantial amounts of inventory despite their ability to mitigate risk by phasing the production of residential lots. Such behavior was observed in numerous metropolitan areas throughout the southeastern and southwestern United States in the years leading up to financial crises, resulting in inventories of tens of thousands of lots in cities such as Atlanta, Las Vegas and Orlando, just to name a few. The model presented in this paper explores the rationale behind the choices made by developers in these markets and others by extending the real options framework to concurrently estimate optimal phasing and inventory decisions for large-scale residential development projects. Modeled interactions between several variables indicate that full development, smooth phased development and lumpy development can all be optimal under different market conditions, with each pattern feeding back into inventory levels and lot pricing.

Optimal Phasing and Inventory Decisions for Large-Scale Residential Development Projects

The model presented in this paper utilizes and extends the real options framework to concurrently estimate optimal phasing and inventory decisions for large-scale residential development projects. Economies of scale in construction, pricing power, carrying costs, signaling effects, demand momentum and demand volatility are all considered to examine the potential impact of these variables on production strategies in real estate markets with different underlying characteristics. The results offer insight into the housing production process and help explain the behavior of firms engaged in the conversion of raw land into residential lots.

On the Fringe of Neoliberalism: residential development in outer suburban Sydney

Although there is widespread consensus in human geography that neoliberalism is achieved through the intersection of multiple scales and states, there has been growing emphasis in recent years on the hybrid qualities of neoliberalist-styles of governance. Because hybrid approaches draw attention to the wide range of actors and contradictory agendas underpinning the always uneven expression of neoliberalist projects, they are particularly suited to the identification of residual state capacities in contexts where neoliberalist forms dominate economic and political life. Drawing on two cases of large-scale residential development in New South Wales, namely Warnervale Town Centre on the New South Wales Central Coast and the Australian Defence Industry site at St Marys in Sydney's west, the present paper adopts an hybrid approach in order to identify current state capacities. Through a comparison of both sites, it identifies the potential for socially and ecologically balanced development in the outer suburban context.

A STUDY ON CHARACTERISTIC OF BIG RESIDENTIAL SUBURB AND THE JAPANESE NEW TOWN ACT DEVELOPMENT

The large-scale residential quarter development which exceeds 50ha is done 374 cases. As for these residential quarters it is many in Tokyo and Osaka periphery. Japanese Newtown Act have made 49 Newtown. Japanese New town Act's law has been given expropriation right. Expropriation right was used 24. areas. Japanese New town Act's law because planned characteristic is strong.

Local Land Use Plans and the Implementation of New Urban Development

This article, based on case studies of plan 'construction' in the 1980s for large scale residential development near Bristol, England and in Poitiers, France, argues that the form and content of these local land use plans were the product of the coordinative planning strategy adopted. This strategy embodied assumptions about implementation and established relationships between development interests and the plan 'constructors' during the process of plan preparation. These relationships in turn were a consequence of the contrasting powers and resources available to local government to ensure the implementation of local land use plans.