Abstract
Results of the first stage of territory development in the Gulf of Finland near the western coast of Vasilyevsky Island in Saint Petersburg are rated unsatisfactory. Results in the field of aesthetics, ecology, social stability and functional arrangement of the urban environment on new lands are negative. According to the analysis of experience in coastal areas' reconstruction in Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Hamburg, ambitious goals that were set for the project in Saint Petersburg were not achieved due to defects of the urban planning system — there was no centralized project management, activities of contractors, who neglected exclusive potential of the coastal area and its proximity to the historical core of the city, were insufficiently coordinated and controlled. It is argued that this is due to inertia of the Saint Petersburg design and construction system. During many years, it was focused on large-scale residential development of vast peripheral territories and, therefore, it was not capable to resolve issues related to development of highly urbanized environment in the city center. Omissions made during construction of a highway through the residential area are identified. The highway design does not provide reliable protection against negative impact on residential quarters. The route of the highway was designed as a bypass of the city center, but it became the shortest route to the center. It is noted that further development will offer opportunities for partial correction of the errors made. The new management team of the city architectural services considers the territory perspective for expansion of the Saint Petersburg center towards the water area of the Gulf of Finland.
Highlights
Nowadays, the development of coastal zones has become an important goal of urban development in dozens of metropolises of the world - from Sydney, Singapore and Dubai to Boston, Oslo or Marseille and Genoa
Hamburg and Rotterdam located on the flat coast of the North Sea may be the most suitable objects of analysis - they are comparable with Saint Petersburg in terms of population, the nature of urbanization, and hydro-geological conditions
A comparison of information on the formation of coastal zones in Saint Petersburg and Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Hamburg showed that there is a significant difference in the attitude to the whole group of concepts determining the development, and that the design and construction complex of Saint Petersburg is not ready to solve important urban problems related to aesthetics of development and its social content
Summary
The development of coastal zones has become an important goal of urban development in dozens of metropolises of the world - from Sydney, Singapore and Dubai to Boston, Oslo or Marseille and Genoa. Saint Petersburg, considered the largest seaport in Russia, has traditionally developed in the Neva Delta, and only point settlements have developed on the coast of the Gulf of Finland. Saint Petersburg has become one of the largest metropolises in Europe. Urban areas tightly cover the banks of the Neva Bay, and the system of highways provides travel along its entire perimeter (Fig. 1). This transport ring stretched in the latitudinal direction for about 40 km. Since the mid-1990s, the idea was being worked out to cross the water area of the Neva Bay with an additional transverse route, to connect the northern and southern parts of the city by the shortest route
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