Large-scale Hydraulic Engineering Research Articles

Late Holocene Climate Warming Events and Their Linkage to Hydraulic Engineering on the Coast of Hangzhou Bay, East China

The coastal lowlands in East China are very sensitive to climate change and marine disasters, and much large-scale hydraulic engineering was recorded in the historical documents of the Late Holocene. In this study, AMS 14C and OSL were used to date three sedimentary profiles from the north and south coasts of inner Hangzhou Bay, and grain size and geochemical analyses including organic carbon, macro-elements, and alkaline earth metals were performed, while hydraulic engineering records in historical documents were compiled, in an attempt to reveal the sedimentary records of extreme climatic and hydrological events over the past 3000 years and to probe into the correlation between them and hydraulic engineering. The results show that the intensified chemical weathering during ca. 200 BCE to 900 CE in East China corresponded to the warm and humid climate during the Qin-Han and Sui-Tang dynasties. Salinity intrusion with rising local water levels occurred in the lowland plains along the south coast of Hangzhou Bay from 120 to 895 CE. Low-salinity water intrusion from 32 to 488 CE was also recorded in the stratigraphy of lowland plains along the north coast of Hangzhou Bay. The sedimentary records of the East Tiaoxi River basin show river floods about 2000 years ago. The above sedimentary records indicate that the relative sea level rose in the Hangzhou Bay area during the Qin-Han and Sui-Tang Warm Periods, resulting in frequent salinity intrusion and river floods, which coincided with the historical records of hydraulic engineering such as the construction of seawalls, river levees, and the enclosure of lakes for restoration of river floods during the Han and Tang dynasties. Such coincidence reflects that climate change profoundly affected the hydrological environment of the coastal areas in East China as well as the response of the human societies.

Impact of mini-hydropower on the chemical composition of water and phytoplankton of the reservoirs of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

The peculiarities of the transformation of river ecosystems in the reservoir at the construction of mini-hydropower plants have been found out. It was also found that the large-scale hydraulic engineering in the second half of the XX century caused significant changes in environmental conditions in the waterbodies, which has led to negative dynamics of species richness of aquatic organisms in general and phytoplankton in particular. Reservoir building has a significant negative impact on river ecosystems: currents slow down and disappear, canals become silted up, harmful substances of household and industrial waste gradually accumulate. The transformation of rivers into lake-type reservoirs is also accompanied by changes in the species composition and structure of phytoplankton. Eutrophication of reservoirs becomes typical. All this leads to significant degradation in aquatic ecosystems.

Design of a Self-Supporting Liner for the Renovation of a Headrace Tunnel at Chivor Hydropower Project

Ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy, as declared in the United Nations’ Agenda 2030, requires both the inclusion of new renewable energy sources, and the renovation of existing hydropower infrastructure, since this resource is considered a key strategy to support flexibility in electric grids with high penetrations of variable generation. This paper addresses the design of a self-supporting lining for the renovation of a headrace tunnel, that has been affected by a buckling event, in order to extend the operating life of the Chivor Hydropower Project, located in Colombia. Studies performed by AES Corporation about the buckling events that affected the headrace tunnel and the condition assessment are first described. Then, the design alternatives to renovate this important part of the hydropower plant’s infrastructure are presented in a general way. The detailed design and construction planning for the selected alternative are then illustrated by showing some calculations used in hydropower design. Such a renovation project is one of the first of its class in Colombia and goes from studies of the buckling events to the design of a modern lining that will be constructed while keeping the 1000-MW (6% of Colombia’s demand) hydropower plant in operation conditions, in order to extend its life for 50 more years, which represents an example for managers and practitioners of large-scale hydraulic engineering projects.

Integrating the impact of large-scale hydraulic engineering with a sustainable groundwater development strategy: A case study of Zhengzhou City, China

With the rapid growth of China's economy, the increase in water demand has threatened the sustainable development of groundwater. Construction of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project alleviated this problem. Zhengzhou, with a large population and high-intensity energy consumption, is a water-receiving city of the South-to-North Water Diversion Central Line Project (CLP). A series of ecological risks caused by the excessive exploitation of groundwater have been exposed. It is urgent to strengthen the assessment and management of groundwater to ensure sustainable development. In this study, the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) underpinned the assessment of the sustainable groundwater development (ASGD) framework. Eight assessment factors were established based on the resource supply function (RSF) and eco-environment stability function (ESF). The novelty of this study lies in the integration of ASGD results with the impact of the CLP on the evolution of groundwater levels in Zhengzhou. Thus, more comprehensive and scientific management suggestions for groundwater development in Zhengzhou were obtained. GIS technology was integrated with the ASGD framework to identify five visualized areas: centralized groundwater supply area (8.61%), decentralized groundwater supply area (27.91%), vulnerable eco-environment area (14.34%), recharge protection area (45.67%), and unsuitable exploitation area (3.47%). The CLP changed the groundwater evolution pattern in Zhengzhou. The results showed that the operation of the CLP effectively slowed the decline in groundwater levels, thus confirming that the CLP has a positive impact on the rational utilization of groundwater. The disuse of two groundwater sources (G1 and G9) were able to enhance sustainable groundwater development. Meanwhile, five groundwater sources in the plain area proved unsuitable. Overall, this study provides a scientific basis for groundwater management in Zhengzhou City, while generating new ideas for sustainable groundwater development in cities affected by large-scale hydraulic projects worldwide.

Theoretical Foundations for Calculating the Erosion of Soil Dams during Overflow of Water over the Ridge

Large-scale hydraulic engineering construction associated with the erection and operation of large dams and reservoirs has an impact on the ecosystem and physical and geographical characteristics of the construction area. In addition, during the passage of catastrophic floods and high waters, the danger of a hydrodynamic accident increases, i. e. overflow of reservoirs, overflow of masses over the ridge of an earthen dam and its destruction, accompanied by the formation of a closure channel and the outflow of an unsteady water flow through it into the lower reaches in the form of a breakthrough wave. The process of erosion of an underground dam due to the overflow of water over the ridge can be divided into two stages. During the first one, the lower slope is eroded, along which the water moves as if by a rapid current. The profile of the dam, initially trapezoidal, by the end of the erosion takes a shape close to triangular, and the ridge mark on the side of the upper slope remains constant. The second stage is characterized by an intensive reduction of the ridge; the dam quickly takes the form of a practical profile spillway, which persists until the end of erosion. At the same time, there is an intensive expansion of the closure channel. As the analysis showed, the existing mathematical models used to calculate the dynamics of the erosion of the dam, especially its first stage before the expansion of the closure channel, are not perfect. The article presents a refined methodology developed by the authors for modeling the process of erosion of ground dams during water overflow over the ridge. The calculations made in accordance with this methodology make it possible to construct a flow hydrograph in the location of the eroded dam. The methodology can be used in the development of project documentation at the first stage of dam design, as well as in determining the forecast quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the water regime of reservoirs.

Vision-Based Productivity Analysis of Cable Crane Transportation Using Augmented Reality–Based Synthetic Image

The productivity analysis of cable crane transportation in the construction field is of great significance to improve crane equipment management and reduce operation costs. However, the traditional manual recording method of analyzing cable crane productivity is time-consuming and tedious. The existing vision-based method requires significant amounts of time to collect extensive images at construction sites and does not achieve high-precision detection in complex scenes. Thus, an automated vision-based method for productivity analysis of cable crane transportation is proposed using a new synthetic image approach based on an augmented reality (AR) technique. The unmanned aerial vehicle-based three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of a crane bucket model is superimposed on a realistic scene using AR to synthesize the images for vision-based model training without manual image acquisition at a construction site. The feature pyramid network and attention module are integrated into Faster region-based convolutional neural network (Faster R-CNN) to enhance the capability of feature extraction for the high-precision detection of a crane bucket and its ID number, which provides the logical basis for calculating productivity. The proposed vision-based productivity analysis method is evaluated on large-scale hydraulic engineering. The results demonstrate that the mean average precision (mAP) of detection performance is 98.01% using the model trained by AR-based synthetic images, which confirms the proposed AR-based synthetic image method could provide a new image generation mode for the construction industry. Additionally, the bias of productivity between the proposed method and ground truth is 0.03%, which confirms the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.

Monitoring Large-Scale Hydraulic Engineering Using Sentinel-1 InSAR: A Case Study of China's South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project

The Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion (SNWD) Project,known as one of the greatest hydraulic projects of China, undertakes most of domestic and industrial water use in the Beijing&#x2013;Tianjin area, as well as a part of ecological water use. The whole canal should be monitored to ensure a continuous water supply for water-receiving areas. Compared with traditional ground-based monitoring tools limited by the low distribution density, intensive labor force, and huge cost, the satellite synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) with wide coverage, high-frequency revisiting, and low cost is more suitable for monitoring large-scale infrastructures. In this study, we employed the Sentinel-1 data to monitor the canal of the Middle Route of the SNWD Project within Henan Province. The deformation rates along the canal were obtained by using persistent scatterer InSAR, from which a total of 20 deformed canal sections and seven suspected deformed canal sections were identified. Among them, the Shahe aqueduct is overall stable except for the Shahe Beam Aqueduct and Lushanpo Landing Aqueduct. The Yuzhou-Changge canal passes through a subsidence funnel with a maximum deformation rate of about &#x2013;20 mm&#x002F;year. The InSAR-derived deformation coincides well with the <i>in-situ</i> leveling measurements over the Yuzhou-Changge canal. Their correlation is 0.95 and the root mean square error of their differences is 2.41 mm&#x002F;year. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of satellite InSAR for monitoring large-scale hydraulic engineering. It can be combined with ground leveling to achieve overall investigations and detailed monitoring, largely improving the efficiency and cost of the current ground monitoring system.

Assessment of Groundwater Sustainable Development Considering the Impact of Large-Scale Hydraulic Engineering: A Case Study of Zhengzhou City, China

Assessment of Groundwater Sustainable Development Considering the Impact of Large-Scale Hydraulic Engineering: A Case Study of Zhengzhou City, China

Long-term soil and water conservation in red soil region of southern China significantly reduced riverine sediment load: A case study of Pingjiang River in the upper reaches of Ganjiang River, Lake Poyang Basin

长时间序列水沙数据分析有助于科学评价流域尺度水土保持减流减沙效应，为科学开展区域水土保持成效评估提供实现路径.本文选取南方红壤区水土保持工程最为集中、持续时间最长的典型流域——平江流域，基于1975—2014年的逐日降水量、流量、含沙量数据，综合应用预置白M-K检验法、Theil-Sen趋势度估计法、Pettitt检验法与累积量斜率变化率比较法，开展河流水沙变化特征及归因分析，揭示长期水土流失治理对河流水沙的影响.结果表明：（1）1975—2014年平江年输沙量、汛期输沙量和非汛期输沙量均存在显著减少趋势，年均减少率分别为2.38×10⁴、1.75×10⁴和0.44×10⁴ t/a，汛期输沙量在流域开始实施系统水土流失治理时即发生突变，而年输沙量和非汛期输沙量在系列国家水土保持重点工程实施一段时间后方开始突变；（2）流域长期水土保持显著减少平江输沙，但对径流无显著影响，重点治理期、治理后期以水土保持为主的生态保护工程对输沙量减少的贡献均在94.0%以上，且生态保护工程对汛期输沙量减少的贡献较非汛期的更为突出；（3）以水土保持为主的长期生态保护工程导致平江全年、汛期、非汛期输沙量分别减少59.3%、60.7%和55.7%；（4）在剔除大型水利工程（尤其是大中型水库）建设影响后，南方红壤区可以基于长时间序列水沙数据分析科学评价流域尺度水土保持减流减沙效应.研究结果可以为南方红壤区流域尺度水土保持减流减沙效应评价提供参考，并有望为区域系列国家生态保护与建设工程的布局和管理提供科学依据.;The analysis of water and sediment data with long time series is helpful for the scientific evaluation of flow and sediment reduction effect of watershed-scale soil and water conservation, and provides an effective method for the scientific evaluation of regional soil and water conservation effectiveness. The Pingjiang River Watershed in the upper reaches of Lake Poyang Basin, which is the typical watershed with the most concentrated and longest ecological protection engineering construction in the red soil region of southern China, was selected as the study area. Based on the daily rainfall, flow, and sediment concentration data of 1975-2014, pre-whitening Mann-Kendall test, Theil-Sen trend analysis, Pettitt's test, and comparative method of the slope changing ratio of cumulative quantity were conducted. Variation characteristics of flow discharge and sediment load were analysed, major influencing factors were identified, their contribution rates to flow discharge and sediment load variation were quantified, and effects of long-term soil and water conservation on flow discharge and sediment load were revealed. The results showed that: (1) From 1975 to 2014, sediment load of the whole year, flood season, and non-flood season all decreased significantly, with the yearly decreasing rate of 2.38×10⁴, 1.75×10⁴, and 0.44×10⁴ t/a, respectively, and the mutation of flood sediment load occurred once the soil and water conservation project began, while the mutation of the whole year and non-flood sediment load didn't happen until most of soil and water conservation projects accomplished. (2) Long-term soil and water conservation in the watershed significantly reduced the sediment load in Pingjiang River, yet had no significant effect on runoff discharge. During both the key control period and post-control period, the contributions of ecological protection projects, which mainly focused on soil and water conservation, contribution rate to the reduction of sediment load were more than 94.0%, while the contribution of ecological protection projects to the reduction of sediment transport in flood season was more than that in non-flood season.(3) Long-term ecological protection projects based on soil and water conservation resulted in a decrease of 59.3%, 60.7%, and 55.7% for sediment load of Pingjiang River during annual, flood, and non-flood period, respectively. (4) After excluding the impact of large-scale hydraulic engineering construction projects, especially large and medium-sized reservoirs construction, the effect on flow and sediment reduction in the watershed scale of soil and water conservation could be scientifically evaluated based on the analysis of long-term flow discharge and sediment load data in the red soil region of southern China. The results can be used as reference for the evaluation of the effect on soil and water conservation in the watershed scale of soil and water conservation in the red soil region of southern China, and are expected to provide scientific basis for the layout and management of national ecological protection and construction projects.

Loss of plasticity by cement systems during time

The article presents, in the conditions of concrete supply to the place of laying and the production of concrete placement in a block in hydraulic engineering, such that slowing down the time of loss of plasticity and setting of concrete mixtures is of considerable interest. In this regard, an attempt was made to model these processes to a certain extent in relation to large-scale hydraulic engineering Mortars were prepared on various cements and their plasticity was determined at different times by measuring the diameter of the spreading of the mortar cone. Measurements were taken every hour. In the intervals between determinations, the solutions were stored in metal cups at a temperature of -28-300 and a relative humidity of 60%. The results of these studies are shown in Table 1.

Real-time monitoring for vibration quality of fresh concrete using convolutional neural networks and IoT technology

Vibration quality is critical to ensure the concrete strength, which directly affects the long-term safe operation of concrete structures. The vibration duration and vibration depth are key parameters to guarantee vibration quality. However, traditional manual inspection on concrete surface to judge the vibration duration and estimation of vibration depth is subjective and unreliable. Moreover, existing studies monitor the vibration duration based on the knowledge from prior experiments, ignoring the influence of concrete heterogeneity. Thus, a real-time monitoring method for vibration quality of fresh concrete based on ResNet with 50 layers (ResNet-50) and Internet of Things (IoT) technology is proposed. The IoT-based monitoring framework is proposed to measure vibration depth and capture concrete surface image (CSI). A three-category classification model of CSI is established based on fine-tuned ResNet-50 model using a self-constructed dataset with 15,006 images to determine proper vibration duration. A large-scale hydraulic engineering application verifies the performance of the proposed method.

Analysis for the Vibration Mechanism of the Spillway Guide Wall Considering the Associated-Forced Coupled Vibration

During the flood discharge in large-scale hydraulic engineering projects, intense flow-induced vibrations may occur in hydraulic gates, gate piers, spillway guide walls, etc. Furthermore, the vibration mechanism is complicated. For the spillway guide wall, existing studies on the vibration mechanism usually focus on the vibrations caused by flow excitations, without considering the influence of dam vibration. According to prototype tests, the vibrations of the spillway guide wall and the dam show synchronization. Thus, this paper presents a new vibration mechanism of associated-forced coupled vibration (AFCV) for the spillway guide wall to investigate the dynamic responses and reveal coupled vibrational properties and vibrational correlations. Different from conventional flow-induced vibration theory, this paper considers the spillway guide wall as a lightweight accessory structure connected to a large-scale primary structure. A corresponding simplified theoretical model for the AFCV system is established, with theoretical derivations given. Then, several vibrational signals measured in different structures in prototype tests are handled by the cross-wavelet transform (XWS) to reveal the vibrational correlation between the spillway guide wall and the dam. Afterwards, mutual analyses of numeral simulation, theoretical derivation, and prototype data are employed to clarify the vibration mechanism of a spillway guide wall. The proposed mechanism can give more reasonable and accurate results regarding the dynamic response and amplitude coefficient of the guide wall. Moreover, by changing the parameters in the theoretical model through practical measures, the proposed vibration mechanism can provide benefits to vibration control and structural design.

Three-dimensional visual modelling of geological information of hydraulic engineering based on surface constraint reconstruction

In order to solve the problems of big errors in results and weak spatial expression ability of the existing three-dimensional visual modelling methods for geological information of hydraulic engineering, a three-dimensional visual modelling method of geological information of hydraulic engineering based on surface constraint reconstruction is proposed. Geological information of large-scale hydraulic engineering is loaded into an expert image processing system through the sparse scatterplot analysis method to construct a spatial scatterplot model for geological information distribution; adaptive feature matching is performed to the geological information through the template matching method, and edge contour features of the three-dimensional visual image are extracted through surface interpolation and vector edge clipping method; information enhancement and local profile horizon reconstruction are performed for the three-dimensional reconstruction image about geological information of large-scale hydraulic engineering through the wavelet domain feature decomposition method. Simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper can provide high accuracy in visual modelling of large-scale hydraulic engineering geological information with error of only 0.04 mm, strong spatial expression ability of three-dimensional visual modelling and relatively high matching of feature points, so it can provide good three-dimensional reconstruction effect of geological information.

Changes of Vegetation Distribution in the East Dongting Lake After the Operation of the Three Gorges Dam, China.

Water regime is regarded as the primary factor influencing the vegetation distribution in natural wetland ecosystems. However, the effect of water regime change induced by large-scale hydraulic engineering on vegetation distribution is still unclear. In this study, multi-temporal TM/ETM+/OLI images and hydrological data from 1995 to 2015 were used to elucidate how the change in water regime influenced the vegetation distribution in the East Dongting Lake (EDTL), especially after the operation of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) in 2003. Using unsupervised and supervised classification methods, three types of land cover were identified in the study area: Water and Mudflat, Grass, and Reed and Forest. Results showed that the total vegetation area in EDTL increased by approximately 78 km2 during 1995–2015. The areas of Reed and Forest and Grass exhibited a contrasting trend, dramatic increase in Reed and Forest but sharp decrease in Grass, particularly after the operation of TGD. The lowest distribution elevations of Grass and Reed and Forest decreased by 0.61 and 0.52 m, respectively. As a result of water level variation, submergence duration increased at 20–21 m and 28 m elevations (1–13 days), but significantly decreased at 22–27 m and 29–30 m elevations (-3 to -31 days). The submergence duration of Grass and Reed and Forest was 246 and 177 days, respectively. This study indicated that wetland vegetation pattern significantly changed after the operation of TGD, mainly as a result of changes in submergence condition. Submergence duration might be an effective indicator to predict the shift of vegetation distribution in EDTL, and which could provide scientific guidance for vegetation restoration and wetland management in this lake.

Combined effects of multiple large-scale hydraulic engineering on water stages in the middle Yangtze River

Investigation of water stages influenced by human projects provides better understanding of riverine geomorphological processes and river management. Based on hydrological data collected over ~60years, an extreme stage-extreme discharge analysis and a specific-gauge analysis were performed to research the individual and combined effects of multiple engineering projects on a long-term time series of water stages in the middle Yangtze River. Conclusions are as follows. (1) In accordance with the operation years of the Jingjiang cutoff (CF), the Gezhouba Dam (GD), and the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), the time series (1955–2012) was divided into periods of P1 (1955–1970), P2 (1971–1980), P3 (1981–2002), and P4 (2003−2012). Water stage changes during P1–P2, P2–P3, and P3–P4 are varied because of the differences in the types and scales of these projects. The stage decreased at Shashi and increased at Luoshan owing to the operation of the CF. Additionally, after the GD was constructed, the low-flow stage decreased in the upstream reach of Chenglingji and increased in its downstream reach, whereas the flood stage merely decreased at Yichang. Moreover, the TGD resulted in an overall decrease in low-flow stages and a limited increase in flood stages because of the differential adjustments of river geometry and resistance between the low-flow channel and flood channel. (2) Although differences existed in the scouring mechanisms between streamwise erosion associated with dams and headward erosion associated with cutoffs, particular bed textures in the gravel reach led to a similar adjustment that stage reduction at Shashi was the greatest of all stations, which caused the flow slope and sediment transport capacity to decrease in the sandy reach. (3) These engineering projects caused changes in average low-flow and flood stages that varied between Yichang (−1.58 and −0.08m respectively), Shashi (−3.54 and −0.12m), and Luoshan (1.15 and 0.97m) from P1 to P4. However, less influence was observed at Hankou owing to its remote location and the short impoundment time of the TGD. (4) Potentially detrimental decreases in low-flow stages and increases in flood stages should be monitored and managed in the future. Our results are of practical significance for river management and the evaluation of the influences of large-scale anthropogenic activities on the hydrological regimes of large rivers.

The cradle of heaven-human induction idealism: agricultural intensification, environmental consequences and social responses in Han China and Three-Kingdoms Korea

ABSTRACTHan China (206 bc–ad 220) witnessed significant population growth, pronounced technological development, intensified agricultural practices and the construction of large-scale hydraulic engineering projects in the Yellow River. These processes coincided with increased frequency and intensity of major floods along the Yellow River. The interactions between flooding and social-technical developments fundamentally reshaped the politics of the Han and stimulated the formation of so-called heaven-human induction idealism. This Confucian environmental ethic gradually became a powerful orthodoxy that shaped political and economic behaviours and society’s perspective on and actions towards utilizing environmental resources and transforming landscapes. Similar processes played out in Three-Kingdoms Korea (ad 300–668). The Korean case exemplifies how, as in China, this idealism was a product of the long-term interplay between state formation and the environment through the development of intensive agriculture.

Dynamics of Rodent and Rodent-borne Disease during Construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir from 1997 to 2012

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of impoundment and active public health interventions on rodent populations and rodent-borne diseases in the Three Gorges reservoir region from 1997 to 2012. MethodsSurveillance data from 1997 to 2012 were extracted from the Public Health Surveillance System of The Three Gorges established in 1997. Temporal changes in the incidences of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and leptospirosis, rodent density, pathogen-carrying rates, and their correlations were analyzed. ResultsThe average indoor and outdoor rodent densities decreased overall from 1997 to 2012. The average densities decreased by 47.72% (from 4.38% to 2.29%) and 39.68% (from 4.41% to 2.66%), respectively, after impoundment (2003-2012) compared with before impoundment (1997-2002). The average annual incidence rates of HFRS and leptospirosis were 0.29/100,000 and 0.52/100,000, respectively, and decreased by 85.74% (from 0.68/100,000 to 0.10/100,000) and 95.73% (from 1.47/100,000 to 0.065/100,000), respectively, after impoundment compared with before impoundment. Incidences of HFRS and leptospirosis appear to be positively correlated with rodent density in the reservoir area. ConclusionThis study demonstrated that rodent density and incidences of rodent-borne diseases decreased and were maintained at low levels during construction of the Three Gorges dam. Measures that reduce rodent population densities could be effective in controlling rodent-borne diseases during large-scale hydraulic engineering construction.

Hydraulic Theory and Hydraulic Engineering Projects of the Wusong River (吳淞江) Basin Between the Sixteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

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Simulation of Mathematical Model to Estimate the Cost of Large-Scale Hydraulic Engineering

With the rapid development of engineering construction and gradual introduction of the bidding system, project cost estimation model continues to deepen. How to estimate engineering cost fast and accurately become one of the hot topics currently. In this paper, the characteristics of large-scale water project investment risk is combined to establish a neural network model suited for large-scale water project cost, through quantitating the main features of each category of water conservancy and combining neural network model established to quickly estimate water project cost with the toolbox. After engineering examples show that it is a fast and reliable water project cost estimation method.

Study on the Design of Project Controlling Information Management System for Large-Scale Hydraulic Engineering

Project controlling information management system (PCIMS) is an important management facility and means for the construction of large-scale hydraulic engineering. Based on the analysis of construction management features for large-scale hydraulic engineering, the general design goal of PCIMS is put forward. The structure of PCIMS for large-scale hydraulic engineering is concretely designed and analyzed, which is consisted of five parts, including the account management module, database, input module, data processing module and output module. The key technologies in the process of developing PCIMS are also discussed，such as the technology of data warehouse, the real-time technology of the system and the comprehensive integration technology of various components. Due to the establishment of PCIMS for large-scale hydraulic engineering, a convenient information interaction platform is provided for all the project participants. As a result, the accuracy and timeliness of the information exchange is improved, that is benefit for the owners to make correct decision.