Large-scale Destruction Research Articles

On-Grid Hybrid Wind–Solar Power Plants in Ukraine’s Residential Sector: Economic Justification of Installation Under Different Support Schemes

On-grid hybrid wind–solar systems are one of the best sustainable solutions for developing distributed generation, as they can provide a stable and reliable electricity supply, effectively using the potential of the two most common renewable energy resources. In Ukraine, promoting the development of on-grid hybrid wind–solar power plants takes on particular importance under conditions of electricity shortages caused by the large-scale destruction of the energy infrastructure due to the ongoing hostilities. This article examines the economic efficiency of installing such power plants in the residential sector of Ukraine under different state support schemes. This study was conducted for on-grid hybrid wind–solar systems of various configurations and installed capacities with different equity and debt capital proportions involved in implementing investment projects. This study’s results highlight the economic efficiency of the feed-in tariff compared to the net billing for households investing in such facilities and emphasize the need to improve policy measures to increase their investment attractiveness.

Remnants of Urbicide and Shared Heritage: Uncovering Beirut’s Liminal Political Holes

ABSTRACT The article explores the ways deliberate and large-scale destruction within the urban environment of Beirut initiates a state of liminality resulting in “political holes”– empty areas dispersed throughout the cityscape. The existence of these political holes creates a shared heritage of liminality in the post-conflict territory of Beirut. Drawing from Coward’s (2008) framing of urbicide, Casati and Varzi’s (1994) definition of the hole, and van Gennep’s (1960) and Turner’s (1969) notions of liminality, the article introduces the term “political hole” as a physical liminal spatial entity – an absence – in the urban fabric achieved through an intentional political decision to demolish shared space. Based on a study of a series of demolitions in Beirut, Lebanon, between 1983 and 1994, the article demonstrates how urbicide led to the obliteration of heritage and the appearance of political holes in the city. Using aerial view observation and walking practices, the liminal ephemeral political holes are exposed as physical traces that sit in limbo, awaiting their replacement with a new building. Through analysis, these spaces are then uncovered as a representation of a history of urbicide, embodying the shared permanent liminality that was inflicted on Beirut’s urban landscape.

Beyond boundaries: Unifying classification and segmentation in wildfire detection systems

AbstractForest fires, a dangerous natural phenomenon, cause large-scale destruction in forests and nearby communities. In this paper, we leverage the capabilities of classification and fast prediction of machine learning and deep learning to detect forest fires by proposing a dual-stage approach of identification and segmentation of burnt/burning regions. The initial identification step uses simple classification by harnessing custom convolutional neural network and AlexNet to detect satellite images displaying signs of burning, followed by the next step of segmentation, which employs UNet and SegNet architectures to precisely localize the burnt/burning areas. We chose UNet considering its ability of efficient feature preservation, and SegNet prominent use for precise boundary delineation. For training our models, we have curated a dataset using Google Earth Engine, querying latitude, longitude, and dates. Image processing techniques facilitated the extraction of segmentation masks, bounding box images, and segmented images. The post-training results portray that CNN outperforms AlexNet with an 88.19% accuracy for classification, while in segmentation, UNet excelled over SegNet with a dice score of 0.6869. If deployed, this study stands to benefit forest officials, local communities, and biodiversity. Moreover, it aids afforestation teams in identifying burnt zones for targeted reforestation efforts, ensuring a more effective response to forest fires.

The 2021 Tropical Storm Dianmu in Thailand: Disaster Responses and Roles of Information Technology

At the end of September 2021, Tropical Storm Dianmu caused catastrophic floods in Thailand, placing thousands of lives, properties, infrastructure, and other things, in danger. These circumstances provide an opportunity to learn how to respond to tropical storm situations in the future. Our investigation reveals that Thailand has access to a wealth of data, including geospatial, radar, satellite, and sensor information. Thus, these data could be utilized for an urgent alert system and communication channel to mitigate and reduce the potential for large-scale destruction by tropical storms and floods in the future.

IMPACT OF THE WAR ON UKRAINE'S INVESTMENT CLIMATE: RISK ASSESSMENT AND PROSPECTS FOR FOREIGN INVESTORS

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on the investment climate in Ukraine. Based on current statistical data and expert assessments, the main risks for foreign investors caused by military actions on the country's territory are identified. Among them are: large-scale destruction of critical infrastructure, disruption of established logistics chains, a rapid decline in the purchasing power of the population, as well as a high level of uncertainty regarding the further course and duration of the armed conflict. At the same time, the author considers the potential prospects for restoring the investment attractiveness of Ukraine in the conditions of post-war reconstruction. Special emphasis is placed on forecasting the likely dynamics and sectoral structure of foreign investment in the Ukrainian economy starting from 2025, based on the assumption of the completion of the active phase of hostilities. Based on the identified competitive advantages of Ukraine, a set of measures is proposed to improve the national investment environment in the medium and long term. They include ensuring macroeconomic stability, carrying out structural reforms of the regulatory and judicial systems, strengthening the institutional protection of investors' rights, as well as attracting large-scale financial and technical assistance from international partners. At the same time, the author emphasizes the critical importance of forming a holistic strategic vision for the development of Ukraine as a competitive and investment-attractive state in the long-term horizon, which requires the implementation of a targeted policy to stimulate innovation, build modern infrastructure and integrate into global value chains. The article also analyzes the experience of other countries that have suffered significant economic losses due to military conflicts, and highlights the most effective strategies for restoring investment attractiveness in post-war reconstruction. In particular, successful examples of attracting foreign investment in the countries of the Balkan region and Southeast Asia, which managed to quickly overcome the consequences of armed confrontations and ensure sustainable economic growth, are considered. Based on this experience, the author proposes to adapt best practices to Ukrainian realities, taking into account the specifics of the national institutional environment and geopolitical context. Special attention is paid to the role of international financial institutions, in particular the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, in supporting investment processes in Ukraine in the context of post-war recovery. The importance of aligning their financial and technical assistance programs with national development priorities and ensuring effective coordination of efforts of all stakeholders is emphasized. In summary, the author concludes that restoring the investment attractiveness of Ukraine in the conditions of post-war reconstruction will require a comprehensive approach that combines urgent measures to overcome the devastating consequences of the war with strategic initiatives aimed at ensuring the long-term competitiveness of the national economy. Only under such conditions will Ukraine be able to fully realize its investment potential and become an attractive destination for international capital in the post-war world.

Development of agricultural competences as a priority factor of the sustainable development of Ukraine’s economy

Statement of the problem and its relevance. The intensification of crisis phenomena in the modern labor market in Ukraine is characterized by the insufficient level and number of specialists in the agricultural sector trained by the higher education system, the strengthening of the imbalance between the demand and supply of labor in Ukraine and abroad, large-scale destruction and risks, low labor efficiency and an insufficient and unstable level its payments in the agricultural sector. The current state, problems, and prospects of strengthening agro-economic competencies are studied. The purpose of providing modern educational services is to train future personnel capable of managing a modern enterprise based on environmental friendliness and circularity, to carry out the production and sale of environmentally safe food products that meet the needs of consumers, considering force majeure circumstances, changes in the culture of consumption and projected needs for strengthening the sustainability of business processes for future generations. Education for sustainable development requires the immediate development and implementation of a comprehensive program of continuous training and education of students in ecology, environmental protection, and rational nature management. Recently, as a result of the war, Ukraine has suffered significant losses of economic, ecological, social, and educational potential. This hurt the socio-economic indicators of the country's development, living standards, and population size. Changes to the legislation on several educational measures for adapting young people to new conditions and post-war reconstruction are proposed, and the main elements and competencies adapted to the modern risk conditions of economic development in the agrarian sphere are substantiated. Ukrainian agriculture can realize significant potential only by training young people with a high moral and ethical level who share the world values of sustainable development and care for the environment, an environment important for full entry into the global food market. Knowledge is of excellent importance for recovery and further sustainable socio-economic development in the information society's formation conditions. Their formation takes place as a result of the educational sector fulfilling its mission of socio-economic upliftment. Keywords: sustainable development, agrarian education, competitiveness, sustainable development strategies, post-war competences of the growth of the agro-industrial sector, efficiency of agricultural enterprises, modernization of institutions of higher agrarian education, agrarian economy.

Methodological problems of assessing the damage to the citizens of Ukraine caused by the aggressive actions of Putin’s Russia

The article analyses the methodological and legal problems of assessing damage to Ukrainian citizens caused by the aggressive actions of Putin’s Russia. The purpose of the study is to make proposals for a number of urgent measures at national and local levels aimed at providing methodological tools for collecting data on the amount of destroyed and damaged housing, establishing methods and methodological bases for determining the assessment of damages caused as a result of the large-scale aggression by the Russian Federation against Ukraine. A result of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation has been the large-scale destruction of residential and infrastructure facilities. The government took a number of measures aimed at establishing rules and methods for recording damaged and destroyed structures, and assessing the damage caused. Local self-government bodies have been defined as the key authorized bodies for their implementation. At the same time, despite the legal regulatory measures taken by the government, there are still a number of gaps hindering the complete and efficient recording of the destruction and damage, and assessment of the damage caused. The register of damaged and destroyed property should be created not only as an information base on actual destruction and damage, but also as a source of information on the amount of damage caused and the need for restoration or compensation. In order to establish an accurate assessment of the damage caused, the development and approval of detailed methodology should be accelerated in the direction of “losses in housing stock and renovation facilities”, as provided for in accordance with the special legal framework. It would also be worth taking measures to strengthen the capacity of local self-government bodies at the community level in creating local databases for mapping damaged and destroyed housing.

TRANSFORMATION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION MECHANISMS IN THE CONTEXT OF WAR

The article analyzes the transformation of public administration mechanisms in Ukraine caused by the ongoing military conflict with Russia. The authors sees the war as a catalyst for change that requires the Ukrainian government to adapt deeply and rapidly to new realities. The text describes in detail the challenges faced by Ukraine during the war, including the defense of its territory and sovereignty, ensuring the security of citizens, the impact of the war on the economy, and the humanitarian aspects related to millions of internally displaced persons.
 It is noted that Russia's attack was the largest military aggression in Europe since World War II, causing large-scale destruction and human casualties. The authors emphasizes the difficulties faced by Ukraine in protecting its citizens from Russian shelling, as well as the humanitarian crisis that has arisen as a result of the war. In particular, working with internally displaced persons in Ukraine in the context of the war with Russia requires flexibility, a comprehensive approach and active cooperation between all stakeholders. It is not only about providing temporary assistance, but also about creating conditions for a full life and social integration of internally displaced persons, as well as comprehensive social and psychological rehabilitation, which is a guarantee of stability and resilience of Ukrainian society in difficult times of war. It is emphasized that despite the challenges, Ukraine has demonstrated the ability to adapt and innovate, attracting international support and developing new strategies for managing the crisis. The authors examines how changes in the mechanisms of public administration are aimed at restoring and strengthening the economic and social structure of the country, as well as at ensuring national security and defense.

The issue of increasing legal responsibility for environmental damage

Protection of nature, during an armed conflict, should be recognized as an absolute value. The result of the Russian military aggression in Ukraine was the large-scale destruction of the living environment, massive pollution of the land, atmosphere and water environment with the use of methods and means of conducting military operations aimed at causing great and long-term damage. The brutality of the Russian Federation’s military invasion of Ukraine led to dire humanitarian consequences and serious environmental damage. Ukraine will be left with a toxic environmental legacy for future generations. Based on this, our state is obliged to create a sufficiently clear legal field at the national level, which would include responsibility for causing damage to the environment. The imposition of legal responsibility for offenses in the field of environmental protection should be a signal that such behavior is unacceptable.
 The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe adopted a resolution on the negative impact of war on nature, which defined the crime of “ecocide”. The resolution recognizes the need to amend the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court by adding a new criminal act. The article analyzes the provisions of the current criminal legislation on ecocide. Taking into account the negative experience of Ukraine during the conduct of military operations, it can be stated that the environment has a direct, primary impact on the life and health of people and all living beings, which are recognized as the highest value. Damage to the environment, as a result, leads to the deterioration of the conditions of existence of all types of flora and fauna. That is why the offense of ecocide needs to be distinguished in international legal acts on a level with such crimes as genocide, crimes against humanity, acts of aggression and war crimes.

The Impact of Insecurity on the Sustainable Development Goals in Nigeria.

The state of insecurity in Nigeria is a major challenge in the efforts to attain the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the country. Every region is under one form of security challenge or the other resulting into large scale destruction of lives, property and infrastructure, particularly in the northern part of the country. Consequently, the prevailing insecurity has almost grounded socio-economic activities thereby risking the attainment of the sustainable development goals in the country. This paper takes a critical look at the possibility of attaining the Global Goals in 2030 in the face of mounting security challenges. Secondary sources – books, journals, magazines, newspapers and the internet were the sources of data. For the country to make appreciable progress on the Global Goals, the paper recommends the resolution of the root causes of conflict through effective and honest engagement with disaffected groups and the promotion of national reconciliation. The need to intensify the fight against criminal gangs and the ongoing military efforts against Boko Haran was also recommended.

DESTRUCTION OF UKRAINIAN CITIES DURING THE RUSSIAN AGGRESSION (SOCIO-GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON MARIUPOL)

The objective of this study is to examine and summarize the features and consequences of the devastation of cities in southeastern Ukraine by the Russian invaders during the initial phase of a large-scale war. It has been determined that the occupier’s adoption of the scorched earth tactic resulted in the complete destruction of numerous settlements, including dozens of cities within the country. It led to a severe disruption of the state’s territorial planning structure. Mariupol, a prominent socio-economic center of the nation, endured extensive devastation and significant civilian casualties. The article examines the distinctive characteristics of the town’s economic progress, the development of its society, the identity of its population, and its social roles. Special emphasis is given to the establishment of the city’s planning framework in response to economic and environmental factors. The planning structure significantly influenced the enemy’s advance, the positioning of the city’s defenders’ strongholds, and the areas that were destroyed. The authors aim to analyze the socio-economic and demographic situation in the city under occupation, based on the media screening. The city has experienced significant civilian casualties, and both its economic framework and infrastructure have been entirely demolished. The occupiers’ statements regarding the reconstruction of Mariupol can be characterized as propagandistic and primarily consisting of declarations. The governing authorities are actively implementing measures to alter the ethnic composition of the population and its cultural identity. The authors define the large-scale destruction of Mariupol and the extermination of its population as the initial phase of a more intricate process of comprehensive urban transformation, referred to as urban transmutation. The key component of it involves an extensive redesign of the city’s urban foundation, planning, and functional framework, as well as the city’s population with its demographic traits, educational attainment, and cultural identity. The post-war reconstruction of Mariupol should incorporate a reevaluation of its role, as the complete reconstruction of ferrous metallurgy in Mariupol during this process presents major challenges. The city’s reconstruction should prioritize the adoption of cutting-edge technological systems centered around digitalization, green technologies, circular production, and other similar advancements.

Innovative approaches to the education of students of technical specialties in the conditions of war in Ukraine

Problem. The military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine became a challenge to the very existence of the state, its sovereignty and collegiality, and also severely affected all components of education. There was a significant threat to the life and health of the participants of the educational process, large-scale destruction of the educational infrastructure took place, which caused the forced large-scale movement of participants in the educational process within Ukraine and abroad, and led to the deterioration of the provision of educational services and the acquisition of knowledge by those seeking education. This especially applies to specialties of the practical direction. Goal. The aim of this work is to find ways to address the issue of educating Ukrainian students in technical specialties during times of war, to ensure safety, and improve the quality of educational services. Methodology. The study involves analytical research on laboratory and practical work in the context of distance learning. It includes detailed analysis the existing experience of remote performance of laboratory work and the possibilities of their use in the educational process of Ukrainian universities under the conditions of war was conducted. Results. The search for ways to borrow existing experience in the remote execution of laboratory work and the possibilities of their use in the educational process of Ukrainian universities in wartime conditions showed that it is advisable to implement them using the laboratory of digital remote electrical engineering education “My Digital Electrical Engineering”, developed by Riga Technical University. The structure of this laboratory and the algorithm for working with it have been studied. Originality. A step-by-step algorithm for introducing the laboratory of digital distance electrical engineering education into the educational process of KhNADU is proposed. Practical value. The results of this study can be used to enhance the process of distance learning in technical universities of Ukraine during times of war, ensuring safety and improving the quality of educational services.

Mechanism of gas pressure action during the initial failure of coal containing gas and its application for an outburst inoculation

Faced with the continuous occurrence of coal and gas outburst (hereinafter referred to as “outburst”) disasters, as a main controlling factor in the evolution process of an outburst, for gas pressure, it is still unclear about the phased characteristics of the coupling process with in situ stress, which induce coal damage and instability. Therefore, in the work based on the mining stress paths induced by typical outburst accidents, the gradual and sudden change of three-dimensional stress is taken as the background for the mechanical reconstruction of the disaster process. Then the true triaxial physical experiments are conducted on the damage and instability of coal containing gas under multiple stress paths. Finally, the response characterization between coal damage and gas pressure has been clarified, revealing the mechanism of action of gas pressure during the initial failure of coals. And the main controlling mechanism during the outburst process is elucidated in the coupling process of in situ stress with gas pressure. The results show that during the process of stress loading and unloading, the original gas pressure enters the processes of strengthening and weakening the action ability successively. And the strengthening effect continues to the period of large-scale destruction of coals. The mechanical process of gas pressure during the initial failure of coals can be divided into three stages: the enhancement of strengthening action ability, the decrease of strengthening action ability, and the weakening action ability. The entire process is implemented by changing the dominant action of in situ stress into the dominant action of gas pressure. The failure strength of coals is not only affected by its original mechanical strength, but also by the stress loading and unloading paths, showing a particularly significant effect. Three stages can be divided during outburst inoculation process. That is, firstly, the coals suffer from initial damage through the dominant action of in situ stress with synergy of gas pressure; secondly, the coals with spallation of structural division are generated through the dominant action of gas pressure with synergy of in situ stress, accompanied by further fragmentation; and finally, the fractured coals suffer from fragmentation and pulverization with the gas pressure action. Accordingly, the final broken coals are ejected out with the gas action, initiating an outburst. The research results can provide a new perspective for deepening the understanding of coal and gas outburst mechanism, laying a theoretical foundation for the innovation of outburst prevention and control technologies.

Improving Deforestation Detection Accuracy in Noisy Satellite Images with Contrastive Learning-based Approach

Deforestation, the large-scale destruction of trees, has far-reaching biological and environmental consequences that pose a significant threat to the environment. Accurate deforestation detection is crucial for successful conservation initiatives and effective land management. Over the last decade, numerous deforestation detection methods utilizing spaceborne photography have been proposed. However, these methods tend to be sensitive to unique image noise in the satellite domain by virtue of the diverse aerial characteristics and air qualities in different regions. To solve this problem, we propose a novel noise-robust deforestation detection framework with a contrastive-learning based approach. The proposed framework consists of two phases: contrastive learning, which aims to extract similar feature embeddings for the same category, proceeded with transfer learning in order to develop the deforestation classifier. Remarkably, the proposed contrastive learning approach successfully handles noisy input satellite images during the feature extraction process. Upon conducting validation, we have found that the proposed method outperforms existing deforestation detection methods by a significant performance gap, highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed contrastive learning approach.

УПРАВЛІННЯ РОЗВИТКОМ МІЛІТАРІ ТУРИЗМУ В УКРАЇНІ

Purpose. The aim of the article is studying the experience and substantiation of prospects for the development of military tourism in the post-war period in Ukraine and managing of its development. Design/methodology/approach. In the process of the study, the general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition were used, which allowed taking a comprehensive approach to the solution of the setted goal. The dialectical method of cognition was used in order to study and detail the object of study. The methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis were used to consider military tourism. The systemic and abstractly-logical methods were used to identify the main trends in the development of military tourism. Findings. The scientific article is devoted to the study of the prospects for ensuring the management and development of the industry of military tourism in Ukraine. It is noted, that the war in Ukraine demonstrates destructive socio-economic and environmental consequences in the form of large-scale destruction of settlements and their infrastructure, transformation of civilian objects into the defence installations, the emergence of new landscape formations during hostilities, the remains of projectiles and destroyed equipment, the large-scale human burial places, etc. The attention is drawn to the prospects of turning these phenomena into the one of resources of the post-war restoration of Ukraine in the form of integrating them into the tourism industry as a military-tourist product and historically-cultural heritage. The research has been carried out of the foreign practice of effective implementation of this perspective.It is noted, that the potential tourist flow requires the development of a concept of the development of tourism industry in the vector of innovative quality for Ukraine – military tourism. The attention is drawn to the achievements of the scientists in studying the idea of “military tourism” in the form of use of various military facilities in tourism, which is explained by the desire and curiosity of people to visit places associated with the most important battles, events that changed the course of history, places of great trials and human grief. Summarizing the suggestions of the scientists, the author’s vision of the definition of military tourism is proposed. The types of tourism have been diversified for military-historical, military adventure and military event-based. A key problem in the development of military tourism is the lack of management model, in particular, an organization that would exercise control of the quality of services and safety in the sphere of military tourism. Practical implications. In order to maximize the economic benefits of the development of military tourism, it is proposed to identify risk factors, affecting the industry, and to develop the possible means of mitigating their consequences. A dual causal relationship has been found between the geopolitical risks present in the countries and the number of tourists and the financial revenues from tourism. The conceptual directions have been developed of management of the sphere of military tourism in the post-crisis period, among which the basis is to achieve a “sustainable result”, which includes not only “reconstruction” to the previous state, but also “a leap forward” through training, transformation and growth. In particular, it has been determined that the permanence of small and medium-sized tourism enterprises will depend on the personal psychological stability of managers and their attitude to a staff of an enterprise. It has been proposed to apply a differentiated approach to the development of the sphere of management of these enterprises in the directions of financial, organizational and psychological support. Originality/value. The value of the research lies in the establishment and analysis of the cause-and-effect relationship between the opportunities for the development of the socio-economic system. An effective tool for the practical implementation of this concept in practice is the model of creating a new tourist product - an innovative tourist cluster, which involves the unification of state administration bodies, enterprises, societies, higher educational institutions, and public organizations for the purpose of synergistic cooperation.

Directions of updating the cultural heritage of Roztochchia in the conditions of war

The relevance of cultural and educational activities to ensure the promotion of the Ukrainian Roztochchia region has been analyzed. In connection with the processes of decentralization, a number of problems arise with the passporting of objects of cultural heritage, innovations in document circulation, etc. Active military actions on the part of Russia lead to large‒scale destruction or complete destruction of the artistic heritage of certain regions of Ukraine. In the current conditions, measures for security, fixation, preservation and promotion will be of great importance in the cultural and artistic space both for a separate region and for the state as a whole. The need to capitalize the resources of cultural strategies has become especially acute during the 2022-2023 war, a time when the issue of heritage preservation is a priority at all levels of state formation. The opening of cross‒border road connections between Ukraine and Poland created favorable conditions for the development of tourism. This allows increasing tourist flows, especially from European countries to Lviv, and also requires the development of tourist infrastructure on both sides of the border: hotels, cafes, eco-stops, agro‒villages, etc. Cross‒border tourism has covered only the roadside (along the main transport arteries) part of the Roztochchia region, but the majority of artistic attractions, namely the heights of Roztochchia, remain outside the international tourist flows. The lack of land border crossings, information sources about tourist routes, insufficient provision and low standard of logistics services, especially from the Ukrainian side, lead to the leveling of cultural heritage and its promotion. International projects, competitions and grants will be important factors supporting the development of artistic processes in the region. High civic consciousness and the activity of cultural institutions will lead to significant positive changes in the issues of preservation and promotion of regional features, their identity and uniqueness.

Town-planning tasks and principles of restoration of urbanized territories of the Luhansk region, destroyed as a result of hostilities

The war in Ukraine has led to large-scale destruction. The scale and nature of changes in the urban planning parameters of the Luhansk region under the influence of hostilities and the restoration of urbanized territories are studied. The purpose of the study is to determine the models and principles for the restoration of urban areas affected by hostilities. Theoretical and empirical methods of system and statistical analysis, analytical comparisons, urban planning analysis were used for the study. The paper considers the quantitative and qualitative nature of the impact of destruction and the socio-demographic and economic consequences caused by them on the change in the urban planning parameters of the Luhansk region. The information base consists of literary and archival sources, cartographic materials. The analysis of urban planning tasks for the restoration of urbanized territories destroyed as a result of hostilities is carried out. It is established that the war changed certain functions of the region. The task arises to determine how the change in functions affects the transformation of the territorial typology of the use of territories. The region is at the beginning of the phase transformation of the urban form. A methodology for assessing and making urban planning decisions is proposed. The urban planning tasks and directions for the restoration of the urbanized territories of the Lugansk region, destroyed as a result of hostilities, are analyzed. From the intermediate conclusions, it is advisable to single out that the region has significantly changed its functions. The military and special nature of the use of the territories will be a priority. So, the planning frame of the territory should undergo changes. It is necessary to revise and update general layouts, regional development schemes aimed at the advanced development of programs and projects that primarily ensure the structural growth of territories. The region will experience a labor shortage. So, recovery programs will face a shortage of builders. It is advisable to create and strengthen the departments of the chief architect of the city, expand the staff, to develop current and future tasks for the development of cities.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ПРАВОВЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ВІДБУДОВИ ТА ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ МІСТ У КОНТЕКСТІ ПОВОЄННОГО ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ

The article reveals the peculiarities of the organizational and legal support of the recovery and economic development of cities in the context of the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. It is emphasized that the armed aggression of the russian federation in Ukraine, which began on February 22, 2022, led to such large-scale destruction and human casualties, which have not been seen in Europe since the Second World War. At the same time, it is indicated that the restoration of Ukraine and its cities is a comprehensive transformation, the essence of which is not so much the reconstruction of the country to its pre-war condition but its deep modernization. It includes reforming vital elements of the economy and society, such as infrastructure, technology, business – environment, institutions, education, health care and others. It is substantiated that Ukraine is an urbanized country since most of its population lives in cities, representing a particular phenomenon of human civilization, concentrating the primary human, economic and other resources. Therefore, the stable economic development of the country as a whole depends on practical organizational and legal support for the reconstruction and restoration of the economy of our cities. Normative and legal acts related to the procedure for reconstruction of residential buildings and infrastructure damaged due to armed aggression, as well as organizational and legal instruments for ensuring the economic development of cities under conditions of war and post-war reconstruction, are determined. Attention is focused on the importance of developing a Local Economic Development Program in the urban territorial community, including a list of specific projects for the medium term. The need for assistance to our state in solving the problems of restoring the local economy and destroyed infrastructure from foreign partners is elucidated.

Корпоративный подход к решению государственных задач: отраслевой аспект

The article provides a critical analysis of the content of corporate governance, which is a system of management actions fixed by the internal documents of the corporation and aimed at achieving its goals, and the corporate approach to business process management, the main difference of which is the interest of all participants in business projects, regardless of the form of ownership of capital. The role of the corporate approach in solving state tasks is defined, the basis of which is determined by the state’s presence in the implementation of individual projects, performing the functions of a co-owner of resources, coordinating the activities of all participants, and controlling the results of the project, including intermediate ones. Monitoring of the condition of life-support facilities in the cities of the Donetsk People’s Republic was carried out, the results of which indicate large-scale destruction of social and industrial infrastructure and housing stock. The results of the study of the state and dynamics of the restoration work allowed us to draw conclusions about the heterogeneity of damaged objects in terms of the degree of damage, the period of destruction, and the prospects for restoration. The study of the dynamics of certain types of construction work indicates the need for the active participation of the state in the restoration of both infrastructure facilities and apartment buildings. The problems of carrying out restoration work are formulated, which consist of the need for the state to participate in the engineering and project support of restoration work, especially at certain significant facilities, the provision of complex special equipment, and the high resource intensity of the projects being implemented.

CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN INSURANCE UNDER MARTIAL LAW

The article attempts to provide insights into contemporary issues, risks and challenges faced by insurance companies in the wartime settings. It is observed that the Russian military aggression against Ukraine has caused huge losses and large-scale destruction to infrastructure, property and the national economy overall. Thus, the natural desire to protect property to prevent loss or damage that may occur due to military actions of the invaders is quite understandable. It is argued that insurance is a universal tool to mitigate risks. However, the war and hostilities have had drastic effects to the insurance market operation. It is noted that in each insurance company, the structure of insurance contracts is of an individual character as to the occurrence based insurance events resulting from military operations differ in each specific case and therefore, each such contract requires careful consideration of all its provisions. In the context of this study, a focus is put that in case of a natural disaster (any cataclysm) when property is damaged, the insurance contract will not cease to apply and will act as before the war. It is argued that the fact of imposition of martial law is not to be a reason to refuse customers in their insurance claims. The findings demonstrate that cause-and-effect relationship between the war / military actions and the losses incurred is the fundamental factor, therefore the occurrence of an insurance event on the temporarily occupied areas since February 24, 2022 cannot be the ground for denying a customer’s insurance claim for compensation. The study suggests that the government insurance policy should be focused towards effective implementation of a range of various actions that will help support the industry growth (tax burden reduction, improving regulations, etc.). Apart from the above, a conclusion is made that insurance contracts remain legally valid regardless of whether military operations are being conducted in Ukraine or not. The study has revealed that some insurance companies refuse to provide indemnity for military / war risks, and also exclude hostile zones from insurance coverage, which in turn might translate in lawsuits against insurance companies. It is also observed that currently, if an insurance company’s customer has a valid insurance contract, the imposition of martial law and active hostilities in Ukraine cannot be a barrier to respond to insurance claims and insurance payments. According to the results of the research, it is concluded that insurance companies should continue to operate effectively and enhance insurance products, simplify the procedures for concluding contracts as well as offer the opportunity to customers to sign insurance contracts online.