Large Range Of Variability Research Articles

Reference model for implementing ERP systems: an analytical innovation networks perspective

The process for implementing ERP systems is related with the identification of a large range of variables (organisational goals, business rules, business processes, actors, resources and specifics and unique concepts to support these variables). The main agents related to the implementation are the solution supplier, the customer company and the consulting service. If the implementation process is addressed as an organisational innovation, the question is: How to coordinate the ERP implementation resources from an innovation agents network? In order to answer this question, a reference model is proposed for the formation and management of an innovation agent’s network for ERP implementation. The research method is based on a multi-case study for identifying the requirements and to elaborate the reference model applying a modelling method the Enterprise Knowledge Development (EKD). As results, the reference model in an analytical perspective of innovation networks and their drivers, enables to identify, understand and support the process of implementing ERP systems under the EKD models they are: goals; business rules; business processes; actors and resources; concepts; technical components and requirements.

Principal Component Analysis with Linear and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis for Identification of Cancer Samples Based on Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful technique that can provide the biochemical signature of a wide range of biological materials such as cells and biofluids. However, MS data usually has a large range of variables which may lead to difficulties in discriminatory analysis and may require high computational cost. In this paper, principal component analysis with linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) and quadratic discriminant analysis (PCA-QDA) were applied for discrimination between healthy control and cancer samples (ovarian and prostate cancer) based on MS data sets. In addition, an identification of prostate cancer subtypes was performed. The results obtained herein were very satisfactory, especially for PCA-QDA. Selectivity and specificity were found in a range of 90-100%, being equal or superior to support vector machines (SVM)-based algorithms. These techniques provided reliable identification of cancer samples which may lead to fast and less-invasive clinical procedures.

Quantitative assessment of similarity between randomly acquired characteristics on high quality exemplars and crime scene impressions via analysis of feature size and shape

Forensic footwear evidence can prove invaluable to the resolution of a criminal investigation. Naturally, the value of a comparison varies with the rarity of the evidence, which is a function of both manufactured as well as randomly acquired characteristics (RACs). When focused specifically on the latter of these two types of features, empirical evidence demonstrates high discriminating power for the differentiation of known match and known non-match samples when presented with exemplars of high quality and exhibiting a sufficient number of clear and complex RACs. However, given the dynamic and unpredictable nature of the media, substrate, and deposition process encountered during the commission of a crime, RACs on crime scene prints are expected to exhibit a large range of variability in terms of reproducibility, clarity, and quality. Although the pattern recognition skill of the expert examiner is adept at recognizing and evaluating this type of natural variation, there is little research to suggest that objective and numerical metrics can globally process this variation when presented with RACs from degraded crime scene quality prints. As such, the goal of this study was to mathematically compare the loss and similarity of RACs in high quality exemplars versus crime-scene-like quality impressions as a function of RAC shape, perimeter, area, and common source.Results indicate that the unpredictable conditions associated with crime scene print production promotes RAC loss that varies between 33% and 100% with an average of 85%, and that when the entire outsole is taken as a constellation of features (or a RAC map), 64% of the crime-scene-like impressions exhibited 10 or fewer RACs, resulting in a 0.72 probability of stochastic dominance. Given this, individual RAC description and correspondence were further explored using five simple, but objective, numerical metrics of similarity. Statistically significant differences in similarity scores for RAC shape and size were consistently detected for three of the five metrics (modified phase only correlation, Euclidean distance, and Hausdorff distance). Conversely, a single metric (the matched filter) expressed the least dependence between score and both shape and size. Moreover, for all crime-scene-like RACs with coincidental association in position, the matched filter produced the greatest discrimination potential in sorting known matches and known non-matches. Despite this demonstrated success, numerical metrics of similarity are not without limitations, and the remainder of this work provides commentary on the difficulties associated with using objective metrics when faced with segmentation, incomplete information, and low signal-to-noise ratios.

A memristor-based chaotic system and its field programmable gate array implementation

A nanoscale memristor can replace the nonlinear part of a chaotic system, which can greatly reduce the physical size of the chaotic system. More importantly, it can enhance the complexity of the chaotic system and the randomness of signals. In this paper, a new memristor-based chaotic system is designed based on a new three-dimensional autonomous chaotic system. In order to study the complex dynamic characteristics of the memristive system, the chaotic system is investigated by the theoretical derivation, numerical simulation, stabilization of equilibrium points, and Lyapunov exponent spectrum. The influences of different parameters on the phase diagram and the stability of equilibrium point of this system are also discussed in detail. It is interesting that when system parameters a and c take different values, the location and stability of the equilibrium point of the system will be changed, then two scrolls of the system will be overturned at a different angle, and it will produce a different degree of aliasing between the two scrolls. Parameter b has a large variable range, when it is changed, and the system will transform into three kinds of classical chaotic systems defined by Vaněček and Celikovsk. These indicate that the memristor-based chaotic system has a lot of valuable dynamic behaviors, so it has applications in the field of secure communication, information processing etc. Field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology has a large capacity and high reliability, which is widely used in modern digital signal processing. And with the development of FPGA technology, applying FPGA technology to realizing the chaotic systems has gradually become a hot topic. Moreover, the improved Newton iteration method is used to design a square root operator of memristor in this paper by using verilog hardware description language (verilog HDL) which only needs three times iteration to reach the required accuracy. The results of FPGA hardware are consistent with the numerical simulation results. It breaks through the previous bottleneck that the chaotic system based on titanium dioxide memristor can only be simulated in computer, which is of great significance for further studing of memristor, and provides a reference for further research on the memristor-based chaotic system and applications in secure communication and information processing.

Variability of mineral dust concentrations over West Africa monitored by the Sahelian Dust Transect

The “Sahelian belt” is known as a region where mineral dust content is among the highest in the world. In the framework of the AMMA international Program, a transect of three ground based stations, the “Sahelian Dust Transect” (SDT), has been deployed in order to obtain quantitative information on the mineral dust content over the Sahel. These three stations: Banizoumbou (Niger), Cinzana (Mali) and M'Bour (Senegal) are aligned at 13°N along the east–west main pathway of the Saharan and Sahelian dust toward the Atlantic Ocean. The SDT provides a set of aerosol measurements and local meteorological parameters to describe and understand the mechanisms that control the temporal and regional variability of mineral dust content in these regions.In this work we analyze the seasonal and diurnal variability of the dust concentrations over the period 2006–2010. The analysis of the dust concentrations measured between 2006 and 2010 confirmed a regional seasonal cycle characterized by a maximum in the dry season, with median concentration ranging from 205μgm−3 at Banizoumbou to 144μgm−3 at M'Bour, and a minimum (11–32μgm−3) in the wet season. The five year data set allowed the quantification of the variability of the monthly concentrations. The range between the percentiles 75 and 25 varies linearly with the median concentration: it is of the same order than the median value in M'Bour, 17% slightly higher in Cinzana and 50% higher in Banizoumbou. The range between the accepted maximum and minimum is also correlated with the median value, with slopes ranging from 14 in Banizoumbou to 7 in M'Bour. Part of the variability of the concentration at the monthly scale is due to interannual variability. Extremely high or low monthly concentration can be recorded that significantly impacts the five year median concentration and its range. Compared to the 3-year data set analyzed by Marticorena et al. (2010), the two additional years used in this work appear as the less dusty year (2009) and one of the dustier years (2010).The sampling time step and the high recovery rates of the measurement stations allowed to investigate the diurnal cycle of the dust concentration for the first time. During the dry season, the hourly median concentrations range from 80 to 100μgm−3 during the night to 100–160μgm−3 during the day-time maximum. The diurnal cycle of the PM10 concentrations is phased with the diurnal cycle of the surface wind speed and thus modulated by the interactions between the nocturnal lower level jet (NLLJ) and the surface boundary layer. The NLLJ appears as a major agent to transport Saharan dust toward the Sahel. During the wet season, the median PM10 concentrations are maximum at night-time (<50μgm−3). The night-time concentrations are associated with a large range of variability and coincide with the periods of higher occurrence of meso-scale convective systems. The amplitude of the diurnal cycle is of the order of 60μgm−3 in the dry season and 20μgm−3 in the wet season. Both in the dry and in the wet season, despite a month to month variability of the daily dust concentration, a typical diurnal pattern has been established suggesting that this temporal pattern is mainly driven by local meteorological conditions.

Effects of Roughness and Vertical Wall Factors on Wave Overtopping in Rubble Mound Breakwaters in Busan Yacht Harbor

Coastlines are protected by breakwater structures against the erosion of sand or other materials along beaches due to wave action. This research examined the use of physical modeling to determine the effects of the tetrapod size and vertical walls of a rubble mound on the volume of wave overtopping under irregular wave conditions in coastal areas in Busan Yacht Harbor. In this analysis model, the structures were studied using irregular waves and the JONSWAP wave energy spectrum. To understand the effects of the tetrapod size and heights of the vertical wall, the study considered vertical walls of 0, 1.78, 6.83, and 9.33 cm with armor double layered material tetrapods of 8, 12, 16, and 20 tons. An extensive number of experiments covering a relatively large range of variables enabled a comprehensive discussion. First, in the presence of a short vertical wall, the water level played a key role in the overtopping discharge. In such circumstances, the values of the wave overtopping discharge decreased with increasing freeboard size. In the presence of a tall freeboard and middle, the value of the wave overtopping discharge was equally influenced by the vertical wall factor. Moreover, the tetrapod size decreased by an increase in the vertical wall factor, and relationship between them resulted in a short wall height. From an engineering point of view, considering a small water level may allow the choice of a shorter vertical wall, which would ultimately provide a more economical design.

A multivariate approach to correlate bacterial surface properties to biofilm formation by lipopolysaccharide mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Bacterial biofilms are involved in various medical infections and for this reason it is of great importance to better understand the process of biofilm formation in order to eradicate or mitigate it. It is a very complex process and a large range of variables have been suggested to influence biofilm formation. However, their internal importance is still not well understood. In the present study, a range of surface properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide mutants were studied in relation to biofilm formation measured in different kinds of multi-well plates and growth conditions in order to better understand the complexity of biofilm formation. Multivariate analysis was used to simultaneously evaluate the role of a range of physiochemical parameters under different conditions. Our results suggest the presence of serum inhibited biofilm formation due to changes in twitching motility. From the multivariate analysis it was observed that the most important parameters, positively correlated to biofilm formation on two types of plates, were high hydrophobicity, near neutral zeta potential and motility. Negative correlation was observed with cell aggregation, as well as formation of outer membrane vesicles and exopolysaccharides. This work shows that the complexity of biofilm formation can be better understood using a multivariate approach that can interpret and rank the importance of different factors being present simultaneously under several different environmental conditions, enabling a better understanding of this complex process.

Nitrate leaching from organic and conventional arable crop farms in the Seine Basin (France)

In the Seine Basin, characterised by intensive arable crops, most of the surface and groundwater is contaminated by nitrate (NO3-). The goal of this study is to investigate nitrogen leaching on commercial arable crop farms in five organic and three conventional systems. In 2012-2013, a total of 37 fields are studied on eight arable crop rotations, for three different soil and climate conditions. Our results show a gradient of soil solution concentrations in function of crops, lower for alfalfa (mean 2.8 mg NO3-N l(-1)) and higher for crops fertilised after legumes (15 mg NO3-N l(-1)). Catch crops decrease nitrate soil solution concentrations, below 10 mg NO3-N l(-1). For a full rotation, the estimated mean concentrations is lower for organic farming, 12 +/- 5 mg NO3-N l(-1) than for conventional farming 24 +/- 11 mg NO3-N l(-1), with however a large range of variability. Overall, organic farming shows lower leaching rates (14-50 kg NO3-N ha(-1)) than conventional farms (32-77 kg NO3-N ha(-1)). Taking into account the slightly lower productivity of organic systems, we show that yield-scaled leaching values are also lower for organic (0.2 +/- 0.1 kg N kg(-1) N year(-1)) than for conventional systems (0.3 +/- 0.1 kg N kg(-1) N year(-1)). Overall, we show that organic farming systems have lower impact than conventional farming on N leaching, although there is still room for progress in both systems in commercial farms.

An analysis of the singleton-geminate contrast in Japanese fricatives and stops

Previous acoustic analyses of the singleton-geminate contrast in Japanese have focused primarily on read speech. The present study instead analyzed the lengths of singleton and geminate productions of word-medial fricatives and voiceless stops in spontaneous monologues from the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese (Maekawa, 2003). The results of a linear mixed effects regression model mirrored previous findings in read speech that the geminate effect (the durational difference between geminate and singletons) of stops is significantly larger than that of fricatives. This study also found a large range of variability in the geminate effect size between talkers. The size of the geminate effect between fricatives and voiceless stops was found to be slightly correlated, suggesting that they might be related to other rate-associated production differences between individuals. This suggestion was evaluated by exploring duration differences associated with talker age and gender. While there was no relationship between age and duration, males produced shorter durations than females for both fricatives and stops. However, the size of the geminate effect was not related to the gender of the speaker. The cause of these individual differences may be related to sound perception. Future research will investigate the cause of these individual differences in geminate effect size.

Towards the importance of minimum toe clearance in level ground walking in a healthy elderly population

Tripping is presumed to be the principal cause for falls during walking. At minimum toe clearance, the potential for trip-related falls is considered to be highest. Thus, controlling minimum toe clearance is essential for walking without tripping. In theory, the central nervous system should therefore give priority to accurate control of the variability in minimum toe clearance, as compared to other gait parameters, since people tend to only modify variability in any given task if it interferes with the task performance. The aim of this study was to determine whether elderly individuals show less increase in variability of minimum toe clearance during a dual-task condition (where an increase of gait variability is provoked), while allowing a larger range of variability in the other gait parameters. Forty elderly participants walked back and forth on a 25m long track for five minutes. They then walked a second time performing an additional cognitive task. The variability in stride time, stride length and minimum toe clearance as well as dual-task costs of each gait parameter were calculated for each walk. The variability in minimum toe clearance did not change during dual task-walking, whereas the variability of stride length and stride time increased, showing dual-task costs of about 66% and 84%, respectively. To avoid additional detrimental load on the central nervous system, the modification of task-irrelevant variability may be tolerated during dual-task conditions, whereas minimum toe clearance is controlled with high priority.

Toxocariasis in the Americas: Burden and Disease Control

Human toxocariasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease that represents extensive morbidity in many countries. Caused by Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, the clinical spectrum of this helminthiasis can be extended from asymptomatic forms up to life-threatening syndromes, such as the visceral larva migrans. Its epidemiology and burden is not clear; many times it is not diagnosed and, in most countries, it is not a notifiable disease. Some recent reviews have shown a large range of variability in terms of reported seroprevalence by countries. In this review, we summarized information regarding human toxocariasis burden of disease and control efforts in the region of the Americas.

Variability of yield traits and disease resistance in winter triticale genetic resources accessions

A systematic gathering of winter triticale accessions was started in Poland in 1982 by the Institute of Genetics, Breeding and Seed Science at the Agricultural University in Lublin (at present its name is: Institute of Genetics, Breeding and Plant Biotechnology at the University of Life Sciences in Lublin). First, breeding lines obtained in local breeding stations were gathered. Next, accessions were imported from the following world gene banks: Beltsville, Gatersleben, and VIR. Interesting hybrid materials obtained in research centers were also included in the collection. Now, the collection includes 2349 accessions (1329 of winter triticale and 1020 of spring triticale). The evaluation is conducted in a 4-year cycle of field experiments using the same methods. The gathered accessions represent a large range of variability of both morphological and commercial traits. The large differentiation of accessions especially concerns traits such as: plant height, number and weight of grains per spi- ke, protein content in grain, field resistance to powdery mildew, brown rust and leaf and spike diseases.

Water security, global change and land–atmosphere feedbacks

Understanding the competing pressures on water resources requires a detailed knowledge of the future water balance under uncertain environmental change. The need for a robust, scientifically rigorous evidence base for effective policy planning and practice has never been greater. Environmental change includes, but is not limited to, climate change; it also includes land-use and land-cover change, including deforestation for agriculture, and occurs alongside changes in anthropogenic interventions that are used in natural resource management such as the regulation of river flows using dams, which can have impacts that frequently exceed those arising in the natural system. In this paper, we examine the role that land surface models can play in providing a robust scientific basis for making resource management decisions against a background of environmental change. We provide some perspectives on recent developments in modelling in land surface hydrology. Among the range of current land surface and hydrology models, there is a large range of variability, which indicates that the specification and parametrization of several basic processes in the models can be improved. Key areas that require improvement in order to address hydrological applications include (i)the representation of groundwater in models, particularly at the scales relevant to land surface modelling, (ii)the representation of human interventions such as dams and irrigation in the hydrological system, (iii)the quantification and communication of uncertainty, and (iv)improved understanding of the impact on water resources availability of multiple use through treatment, recycling and return flows (and the balance of consumptive and conservative uses). Through a series of examples, we demonstrate that changes in water use could have important reciprocal impacts on climate over a wide area. The effects of water management decisions on climate feedbacks are only beginning to be investigated-they are still only rarely included in climate impact assessments-and the links between the hydrological system and climate are rarely acknowledged in studies of ecosystem services. Nevertheless, because water is essential not only for its direct uses but also for the indirect functions that it serves (including food production, fisheries and industry), it is vital that these connected systems are studied. Building on the examples above, we highlight recent research showing that assessment of these trade-offs is particularly complex in wetland areas, especially in situations where these trade-offs play to the advantage of different communities.

Visual activity predicts auditory recovery from deafness after adult cochlear implantation

Modern cochlear implantation technologies allow deaf patients to understand auditory speech; however, the implants deliver only a coarse auditory input and patients must use long-term adaptive processes to achieve coherent percepts. In adults with post-lingual deafness, the high progress of speech recovery is observed during the first year after cochlear implantation, but there is a large range of variability in the level of cochlear implant outcomes and the temporal evolution of recovery. It has been proposed that when profoundly deaf subjects receive a cochlear implant, the visual cross-modal reorganization of the brain is deleterious for auditory speech recovery. We tested this hypothesis in post-lingually deaf adults by analysing whether brain activity shortly after implantation correlated with the level of auditory recovery 6 months later. Based on brain activity induced by a speech-processing task, we found strong positive correlations in areas outside the auditory cortex. The highest positive correlations were found in the occipital cortex involved in visual processing, as well as in the posterior-temporal cortex known for audio-visual integration. The other area, which positively correlated with auditory speech recovery, was localized in the left inferior frontal area known for speech processing. Our results demonstrate that the visual modality's functional level is related to the proficiency level of auditory recovery. Based on the positive correlation of visual activity with auditory speech recovery, we suggest that visual modality may facilitate the perception of the word's auditory counterpart in communicative situations. The link demonstrated between visual activity and auditory speech perception indicates that visuoauditory synergy is crucial for cross-modal plasticity and fostering speech-comprehension recovery in adult cochlear-implanted deaf patients.

Modeling errors in daily precipitation measurements: Additive or multiplicative?

AbstractThe definition and quantification of uncertainty depend on the error model used. For uncertainties in precipitation measurements, two types of error models have been widely adopted: the additive error model and the multiplicative error model. This leads to incompatible specifications of uncertainties and impedes intercomparison and application. In this letter, we assess the suitability of both models for satellite‐based daily precipitation measurements in an effort to clarify the uncertainty representation. Three criteria were employed to evaluate the applicability of either model: (1) better separation of the systematic and random errors; (2) applicability to the large range of variability in daily precipitation; and (3) better predictive skills. It is found that the multiplicative error model is a much better choice under all three criteria. It extracted the systematic errors more cleanly, was more consistent with the large variability of precipitation measurements, and produced superior predictions of the error characteristics. The additive error model had several weaknesses, such as nonconstant variance resulting from systematic errors leaking into random errors, and the lack of prediction capability. Therefore, the multiplicative error model is a better choice.

Banki-Michell Optimal Design by Computational Fluid Dynamics Testing and Hydrodynamic Analysis

In hydropower, the exploitation of small power sources requires the use of small turbines that combine efficiency and economy. Banki-Michell turbines represent a possible choice for their simplicity and for their good efficiency under variable load conditions. Several experimental and numerical tests have already been designed for examining the best geometry and optimal design of cross-flow type machines, but a theoretical framework for a sequential design of the turbine parameters, taking full advantage of recently expanded computational capabilities, is still missing. To this aim, after a review of the available criteria for Banki-Michell parameter design, a novel two-step procedure is described. In the first step, the initial and final blade angles, the outer impeller diameter and the shape of the nozzle are selected using a simple hydrodynamic analysis, based on a very strong simplification of reality. In the second step, the inner diameter, as well as the number of blades and their shape, are selected by testing single options using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, starting from the suggested literature values. Good efficiency is attained not only for the design discharge, but also for a large range of variability around the design value.

Role of chemical and mechanical stimuli in mediating bone fracture healing

Bone is a remarkable living tissue that provides a framework for animal body support and motion. However, under excessive loads and deformations, bone is prone is to damage through fracture. Furthermore, once the bone is weakened by osteoporosis, bone fracture can occur even after only minimal trauma. Various techniques have been developed to treat bone fractures. Successful treatment outcomes depend on a fundamental understanding of the biochemical and biomechanical environments of the fracture site. Various cell types (e.g. mesenchymal stem cells, chondrocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts) within the fracture site tightly control the healing process by responding to the chemical and mechanical microenvironment. However, these mechanochemical regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood at the system level owing to the large range of variables, such as age, sex and disease-associated material properties of the tissue. Computational modelling can play an important role in unravelling this complexity by combining mechanochemical interactions, revealing the dominant controlling processes and optimizing system behaviour, thereby enabling the development and evaluation of treatment strategies for individual patients.

Effect of temperature, food and individual variability on the embryonic development time and fecundity of Arctodiaptomus salinus (Copepoda: Calanoida) from a shallow saline pond

Organisms living in temporary and shallow wetlands are adapted to survive in very fluctuating and unpredictable conditions and might help us to understand life cycle strategies and plasticity in the context of global warming. Despite the importance of Arctodiaptomus salinus in these systems, little is known about the effect of temperature on its population dynamics. Through an individual-based experimental protocol, we studied the effect of this factor and food on its reproduction. This approach has revealed a large range of variability in reproductive parameters in all the experimental conditions. Temperature positively affected egg production and negatively longevity, but did not affect clutch size. Under unsuitable food conditions, the clutch size decreased and the inter-clutch period increased, and when the food conditions improved, the number of eggs increased gradually in every clutch. Eggs from the same clutch hatched synchronously. In contrast, there were significant differences between the hatching times of clutches from different females and between those of the same female. The observed individual variability increased when temperature moved away from the medium values. The thermal tolerance threshold for A. salinus development might be around 25–29°C. Since water pond is close to this thermal limit for long periods of time, an increment of temperature because of global warming might have dramatic consequences on this population. The individual-based experimental approach of this study provides useful information to construct realistic individual-based models, which will help us to better understand the population-level consequences of individual variability in A. salinus reproduction.

Integrated methodology for evaluation of energy performance of the building enclosures: Part 4 – material characterization for input to hygrothermal models

Reviewing hygrothermal input data published in handbooks such as ASHRAE or ASTM, one often finds large range of variability in hygric properties of construction materials. Two factors that cause variability of these results are uncertainty of the test method and inadequate characterization of the material sample. Adequate characterization of the tested sample, despite being one of the most critical aspects of any material property measurement, is however frequently neglected. Yet, performing a high-precision test when the sample is not adequately characterized does not tell us what material was tested and therefore is not precise. Typically porous materials are characterized with geometrical properties such as mean pore size and pore-size distribution, but this approach bring as many new questions as it addresses. In this context, a position paper from CIB W40 written almost 10 years ago proposed using critical hygrothermal characteristics for material characterization as well as for the input to the models. Yet, with a few recently completed PhD, revisiting this issue may support the use of hygrothermal models for field performance calculations.

Effects of Ultrasounds on the Heat Transfer Enhancement From a Circular Cylinder to Distilled Water in Subcooled Boiling

The main aim of this work is to investigate experimentally the influence of ultrasonic waves, on the heat transfer enhancement, from a stainless steel circular cylinder to distilled water, in subcooled boiling conditions. This study has carried on for a few years at the Department of Energetics “L.Poggi.” The effect was observed since the 1960s: Different authors had investigated the cooling effect due to the ultrasonic waves at different heat transfer regimes, especially from a thin platinum wire to water. They had found out that the highest heat transfer coefficient enhancement was in subcooled boiling conditions. So this paper has the purpose to clarify the physical phenomenon and optimize a large range of variables involved in the mechanism. It reports the experimental results obtained with ultrasound at the frequency of 38 kHz, at two different subcooling degrees, ΔTsub=25°C and 35°C. The heat fluxes applied on the cylinder, the ultrasonic generator power Pgen, and also the placement of the heater inside the ultrasonic generator tank were varied. The ultrasonic waves seem to be very useful for a practical application in the last generation electronic components’ cooling: They need dissipating huge heat fluxes and avoiding high temperatures (≈150°C), after that they could damage themselves.