Large Glass Window Research Articles

Cyber-Physical Attack Using High Power RF in Havana, Cuba

Abstract: Global communications have relied heavily on fiber-optic cables. Satellite communications have become the norm for areas that are not highly populated or easily reached by conventional wires. The availability and use of satellite communications systems have had a limited market; with this limitation, the need for open development of each vendor's software never gained traction. This led to weaknesses not being discovered until a flaw was made public in a systems breach that affected the end users. Wireless communications that rely on microwaves lead to the use of malware to provide an override to normal operations of the equipment. As the issue of Stuxnet would allow for the override of the safety settings of satellite terminals, the malware could even be deployed remotely through a system update. The weaponization of such systems is now a point of concern. Previous studies have shown that naval satellite communications systems can be a weapon by removing the software power limitations McKay, R. W 2021 [15]. As satellite systems on ships can be larger due to being fixed, transmission power generation may be more significant. This study considers the land-based mobile systems deployed against any target and quickly dismantled and removed. Can land-based mobile satellite communication systems affected by Stuxnet or manually altered yield the same power output, and at what range will it affect human tissue? This is believed to be the case with the ongoing investigation. The survey results showed that mobile equipment could be dangerous to human tissue at distances easily achieved by mobile terminals, especially if the target is a fixed location like a building with large glass windows that R.F. power can penetrate easily

Energy-efficient retrofitting with exterior shading device in hot and humid climate – case studies from fully glazed multi-storied office buildings in Chennai, India

ABSTRACT Many existing buildings are not sustainable, such as poorly insulated office buildings with large glass window panels that significantly increase the cooling energy use in a hot and humid climate. Energy-efficient retrofitting can substantially reduce energy use through a passive façade design. This paper suggests simulation as a method for selecting a façade retrofit solution at the early design stage. A façade retrofit solution that requires the integration of all three sustainability dimensions: energy efficiency, visual comfort, and economics. Two case studies of fully glazed multi-storied office buildings of different sizes demonstrate the methodology. This research adopted two simulation methods: one for façade retrofit solutions with fixed exterior shading device (ESD) types and the other for a dynamic ESD. The results show that fixed ESD with perforated fabric for 100% of the glazing area was 22.7% energy-saving retrofitting solution than the base case for the small sample and 17% energy-saving for the large sample with a low payback period of 7 years for both the case sample. Building practitioners, stakeholders, and end-users can use this simulation methodology for a successful façade retrofit decision-making at the early design stage.

Dance Lessons, Mirrors and Minuets: Martin Engelbrecht's Engraving Das Tantzen / La Danse

Martin Engelbrecht’s hand-coloured engraving Das Tantzen / La Danse c. 1730 depicts a dance lesson where the dancing master is teaching five students. The engraving is detailed and accurate in what it portrays: the clothes of the six gentlemen, the room itself with an expensive and luxurious mirror and large glass windows, the dance being taught and the posture of the dancing master and his students. The wealth of detail reveals a great deal about the social mores of the period, and the cultural expectations that surrounded dance teaching. This article, therefore, begins with an overview of the state of print publishing in Augsburg and the place Martin Engelbrecht had in it, who might have been the potential buyers for such a print, and their reasons for purchasing it, before examining the image itself, and the elements that make up the image and their significance: the glass windows and mirrors, the French and German texts in praise of dancing, the clothes worn by the dance master and his students, and finally the dance information depicted in the engraving.

On the Paradigmatic Influence of the Bauhaus in the Nordic Countries

Presented here is a brief review of the route for and delayed time factor of Bauhaus influences, in particular via architectural journals, into the Nordic countries, as well as some examples of contemporary influence of the Bauhaus Dessau building’s plan form from 1926 in the public building type, the city hall. A question being raised is what types of assimilation can be noted, and not least, where and why they occur. By the 1950s, is it a consolidation of impulses and/or a changed paradigm for compositional analysis that we see?
 It turns out that there are clear examples of such influence notably in Finland both in competition projects from the 1930s and in the odd completed building, such as the town hall in the municipality of Valkeakoski, 1950-56. Here one also sees examples of architectonic solutions originating in the Deutscher Werkbund, founded in 1907, and subsequently in the Neue Sachlichkeit/New Objectivity ideology developed in 1923-33. The Deutscher Werkbund in its turn was influenced by innovative designer Peter Behrens and his AEG Turbine Factory in Berlin from 1909, as well as in architecture more directly influenced by the Bauhaus architect and leader Walter Gropius and Bauhaus ideas and practice. One such solution affecting building plans was, in particular, the side corridor system which is used in the Bauhaus bridge element. An architectonic device was the exposed staircase behind a large glass window which was to become ubiquitous. Meanwhile the glass curtain wall of course becomes a well-known feature, but as used mostly in other large-size building types. For this aspect of assimilation a major example of technologization characterized by self-serving aesthetics, in Rødovre city hall, 1954-56, in Denmark, will be discussed.

Duco

Human environments are filled with large open spaces that are separated by structures like walls, facades, glass windows, etc. Most often, these structures are largely passive offering little to no interactivity. In this paper, we present Duco, a large-scale electronics fabrication robot that enables room-scale & building-scale circuitry to add interactivity to vertical everyday surfaces. Duco negates the need for any human intervention by leveraging a hanging robotic system that automatically sketches multi-layered circuity to enable novel large-scale interfaces. The key idea behind Duco is that it achieves single-layer or multi-layer circuit fabrication on 2D surfaces as well as 2D cutouts that can be assembled into 3D objects by loading various functional inks (e.g., conductive, dielectric, or cleaning) to the wall-hanging drawing robot, as well as employing an optional laser cutting head as a cutting tool. Our technical evaluation shows that Duco's mechanical system works reliably on various surface materials with a wide range of roughness and surface morphologies. The system achieves superior mechanical tolerances (0.1mm XY axis resolution and 1mm smallest feature size). We demonstrate our system with five application examples, including an interactive piano, an IoT coffee maker controller, an FM energy-harvester printed on a large glass window, a human-scale touch sensor and a 3D interactive lamp.

Measuring the Thermal Comfort and the Sound Level in Design Studio Classes in Architecture Engineering Colleges

Thermal comfort is one of the most important topics in the course Environmental Control, ARC404 assign to Architecture program in the college of architecture Engineering and Digital Design, 6 students in this course will share in the research, will distribute in three groups. This research is aiming to let the students learn and practice how to measure the thermal comfort in-studio classes focusing on the temperature, the humidity, and the noise, analysing and find solutions. The methodology of the research is based on using monitor devices; noise level smart meter, smart temperature and humidity measurement meter with data analysis by using Excel computer program as well as, distrusting a survey to know the user’s opinion. The college has three types of a studio class, one facing the courtyard, with large glass window, the second at the middle of the corridor with high-level window, the third one is far away from the courtyard without any window. The results compared by The United Nation Environut Protection Agency (EPA) noise levels. The results show that the studio class CBC09 level of sound exceed 60 dB which consider as noise. Also, the class CBC01 is the most comfortable class because of 25 C° temperature, 40% humidity and 55 DB the sound level is also exceed the limit by EPA. The conclusion of the research paper will highlight some scientific solutions in walls, ceiling and floors for the studio classes to be applied in the future.

An Assessment on Glare from Daylight through Various Designs of Shading Devices in Hot Humid Climate, Case Study in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Glare is one of the main problems that cause daylight to be visually undesirable in a hot humid country such as Malaysia. However, the design of modern buildings in Malaysia applies large glass windows and some partially covered with various design of shading devices, which are merely for aesthetic reason. Having sun shading devices have not solved the glare problems instead create either dark interiors or force for interior blinds and use of electrical lighting. Thus, this paper aims to investigate the glare performance under daylight through most common types of shading devices used in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The four most common shading devices are: vertical, horizontal, egg-crate and geometrical pattern. The experiment covers the luminance, illuminance level and subjective responses of the occupants. The result indicates that under the vertical shading devices has spotted the highest glare values, in contrast subjective response indicate that the vertical shading devices provide most comfortable environment.

Alvin Baltrop: Dreams into Glass

����� ��� (1965), depicts a solitary woman seated in the shadows before a large glass window that is infused with light. The artist was just seventeen and already experimenting with the twin-lens Yashica camera an uncle had given him. Some seven years later, Baltrop would draw upon this composition and its tension between cast light and consuming shadow to create his most recognized body of work, a series of photographs taken at the abandoned West Side piers located along the Hudson River in New York. Born in the Bronx, New York, in 1948, Baltrop died from cancer in 2004 at a Manhattan hospital at the age of fifty-five. His last photographs, dated 2003, were taken while he was in hospice. What lies in between that 1965 photograph at The Cloisters and his last selfportrait in 2003 are around a thousand vintage and duplicate prints, contact sheets, and negatives, as well as a wellspring of archival material. This posthumous exhibition features but a fraction of what Baltrop produced during his lifetime, but it still points to the breadth of his work, moving from classical black and white to tone-on-tone color photography. Coming of age in the 1960s, Baltrop was aware of the seismic cultural, political, and social shifts taking place around him. Civil rights and women’s rights were raising the consciousness of the nation. The United States’s involvement in the war in Vietnam only served to intensify a widening generational divide between parents that supported the war and their children that rallied against it. And the sexual revolution was expanding beyond the infamous “Summer of Love” in the San Francisco Bay Area to reach New York, where in 1969 a routine police raid on Stonewall Inn—a Greenwich Village drinking establishment frequented by homosexuals, lesbians, and drag queens—sparked the beginning of the modern gay rights movement. Despite the sexual revolution, homosexuality remained widely detested and viewed less as a legitimate self-determination of one’s sexual orientation and more as a pathology from which one could be cured. Seminal moments like this would go on to play a pivotal role in the artist’s life. His early works (1965–1968) offer evidence that as a Bronx teenager Baltrop traveled extensively around Manhattan taking photographs; he even frequented the West Village and Stonewall Inn (Baltrop). During that period, he undertook no formal study in photography, * “Alvin Baltrop: Dreams into Glass” by Valerie Cassel Oliver is reprinted from the catalogue Alvin Baltrop: Dr eams into Glass with permission from the Contemporary Arts Museum Houston. © 2012. All rights reserved.

Implementation of a foldable 3-DOF master device to a glass window panel fitting task

We propose a new spatial 3-degree of freedom (DOF) parallel type master device that has an explicit forward kinematic solution. Most of the fully parallel mechanisms rarely have a unique forward solution, which is very useful for the force-feedback of a master device. This system provides a useful folding feature making it easy to carry. The master–slave system employing the new master device is applied to the task of fitting a large glass window panel at a construction site. Glass handling is very delicate since glass is brittle and tends to be one of the heaviest materials at a construction site; the force reflection scheme is employed to protect the glass from breakage. The performance of the master device is verified by a hardware-in-the-loop simulation. The simulation system consists of a real master device and virtual glass handling equipment. The simulation shows that the contact force between the glass and the environment is thoroughly reflected to the master device.

Code blue

I was in the viewing room of the emergency room today, trying to write a progress note on one of my patients. I was tired from being on call the night before and wasn't initially aware of all the commotion in the adjacent room. When I finally tuned in, I saw people rushing in and out, bags of intravenous fluids being hung, emergency medical services rolling in a stretcher. I heard a paramedic ask the emergency department physician if he should begin compressions. The physician nodded, the paramedic began cardiopulmonary resuscitation. I realized then: I was witnessing my first code blue. As I watched, I was surprised mostly at my sense of disconnect. Perhaps it was the large glass windows separating me from the resuscitation room. Perhaps it was one too many Hollywood code blues that had successfully desensitized me to the gravity of the situation. Perhaps it was the cold hard knowledge I possessed after 2 years of medical school, that once cardiopulmonary resuscitation begins very few patients ever truly come back to life. It was probably the latter. I knew the patient was dead before cardiopulmonary resuscitation ever began. Yet, I couldn't take my eyes away. I watched medical personnel taking turns compressing the patient's chest, cooperating so no one would tire. I watched the apparent lack of panic in the room. People moved quickly and efficiently. They likely all knew that in such a situation, one had to keep calm. Indeed, they had probably all been through it so many times before that it had become routine. A pair of nurses stood in the corner, chatting about their shopping while they kept an eye on the telemetry. As I watched, a life slipped away and I was taken aback at my own lack of emotion. Have I become detached and cold, I wondered? And then, just as quickly as it began, it was over. The staff physician thanked everyone involved and most of the people left the room. For a moment I thought the patient had come back, even though my better judgement told me that a man who just emerged from the brink of death would have more nurses milling about, more doctors barking orders. A nurse draped the body with a white sheet, covering his face and eyes. “That's the second death of the day,” she commented. And I returned to my progress note, more unsettled by my lack of a reaction than by the code blue itself. Had medicine already stolen my soul? Later that day, I returned to the same room to write yet another progress note. I looked through the glass windows, and saw that the man was still there. He was now surrounded on 3 sides by a partition, but I could see that someone had lifted his arms from underneath the white sheet. The arms were unmistakably dead. They rested in a stiff angle never known in life, their eerie stillness uninterrupted by the rise and fall of breathing. Only the arms of the dead lie that way. A blonde woman with a hospital badge slowly led 3 people into the room. They appeared to be a family: mother, father, teenage son. The hesitancy in their steps, the way they huddled close together as they walked, told me immediately that they belonged to the dead man and were here to identify the body. The blonde woman led them past me, into the resuscitation room where the dead man lay. I saw the woman nod her head, positively identifying the dead man as someone she knew. I heard her sob. My heart, still so alive within me, twisted. I knew then that my soul was safe. Radhika Dixit BSc Class of 2009 Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London, Ont. Figure Image by: Fred Sebastian

MIT CHEMISTRY LABS GET UPDATED DIGS

ON SEPT. 5, MASSACHUSETTS INstitute of Technology's chemistry department celebrated the completion of three years of renovations to its flagship building with a star-studded symposium and laboratory tours. The overhaul of the Dreyfus Building is just the latest accomplishment in an ongoing push to renovate all of the department's laboratories, according to department head Stephen J. Lippard. The Dreyfus Building—widely known as building 18 on a campus obsessed with numbers—was built in 1969. Designed by renowned architect and MIT graduate I. M. Pei, whose credits include the expansion of the Louvre in Paris and the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame & Museum in Cleveland, the building has been admired in architectural circles for its clean, modern lines. The building got its sleek look from the fact that the normally cluttered lab space was confined to the center of each floor, with only hallways and doors visible through the building's large glass windows. But this ...

Heritage Report: The Pumphouse: Peoples History Museum, Manchester

Manchester was the 'shock city7 of the British Industrial Revolution, seen by many then and since as the 'home of the modern',1 and it will come as no surprise to readers of Labour History that the city and its surrounds enjoy a rich industrial heritage which has a prominent place in the city's quest to attract tourists. Disused canals, once central to the city's cotton industry, are now enjoyed by tourists and diners on pleasure boats, while derelict factories and warehouses are being gradually transformed into caf?s, bars, restaurants and museums.2 The Castlefield area, once a byword for 'neglect and decay', is now 'a vibrant part of the city centre'. That, at least, is what one of the signs told me; it was actually a rather quiet corner of the city on the Sunday morning I was there to visit the Pumphouse Peoples History Museum.3 (On my way, I stopped off for a coffee at the nearby Y-Club, which most assuredly has nothing to do with its defunct Melbourne namesake.4 This one's a chic gym.) The Pumphouse is part of the National Museum of Labour History. During the week, I'd been working at the impressive Archive and Study Centre, located a short walk away in Princess Street, in the old Manchester Mechanics' Institution. This was the site of a meeting in 1868, organised by the Manchester and Salford Trades Council, which many labour historians regard as the first annual Trades Union Congress. The Museum was originally opened in London in 1975, based on material collected by the Trade Union, Labour, Co-operative, Democratic, History Society (abbreviated, mercifully, to TULC). The Study Centre still contains a few exhibits, including some posters and trade union banners (from the Museum's collection of about 300), and visitors are permitted to look through a large glass window into the room where the conservation of banners is being carried out. Most of the Museum's exhibits, however, are located in a converted Edwardian pumping station that provided the city with hydraulic power until 1972. It has been impressively transformed. The exhibits commence with a video narrated by Glenda Jackson. It helpfully defines the Museum's objectives, and makes clear its roots in the people's history movement. The museum, we are told, is not just about strikes, protests and demonstrations it deals with ordinary people's everyday lives. Visitors are invited to identify with the lives of the people in the exhibitions: 'This is their story; it is also your story.' The past is not a dead past, for the people featured in the Museum used history to help bring about change. Nor is the Museum an old building with exhibits provided by curators merely for the amusement of the paying customer. It is a space for a story that 'is not yet finished'. The Museum, we are warned, also has its absences: the poor, women and the various ethnic groups that have contributed to British labour history are not given adequate coverage. Jackson appeals to the public to help rectify this problem by supplying ideas and exhibits, particularly as there is no satisfactory exhibit dealing with Britain as a multicultural society. Above all else, the democratic credentials of the museum are emphasised: 'This is a museum of the

Arterial Trauma of the Upper Extremity in Children

Thirty children with upper extremity arterial trauma were retrospectively reviewed. Trauma was penetrating in 87% of cases and in 53% injury was caused by broken plate glass. The injured artery was repaired in all but four cases. Nerves were injured in 53% and tendons in 23%. All severed nerves and tendons were repaired primarily. Postoperatively three children with proximal injuries had no palpable pulse in the affected extremity. One patient died of underlying disease and another required amputation during initial surgery due to extensive soft-tissue injury. Followup revealed no dysfunction directly related to vascular insufficiency. Neurologic deficit was found in 33% of the children followed, but only in one was the limb totally nonfunctional. We conclude that the long-term outcome is largely dependent upon neurologic injury. Glass doors and large glass windows should be avoided in the vicinity of children's play areas.

Observations of multipactor in magnetrons

The process of back-bombardment of a magnetron cathode is considered as a single-surface multipactor. Experimental evidence is given, showing that this back-bombardment is concentrated in lines on the cathode surface, whose intensity is controlled by the RF voltage, and position by the dc voltage and magnetic field. The operating equations of a series-field magnetron are given, and experimentally the performance is shown to follow the Langmuir-Childs, Hull, and Hartree curves in sequence (in distinction to a conventional fixed-field magnetron which operates only near the Hartree voltage). A semiquantitative explanation is given of the bombardment lines, and their dependence on the voltage. A cathode with grooves at the position of the bombardment lines is found to receive much less back-bombardment, and to have a more favorable variation of the residual bombardment as a function of output loading. Multipactor between vane tips of a very lightly loaded magnetron was observed through a large glass window, and was seen to be the cause of a vane tip melting problem. Axial multipactor discharges between vane tips and the pole pieces were also seen; being parallel to the magnetic field, these saturate at a low power level and do no harm. Finally, an axial electron discharge was seen, which appeared to have some of the characteristics of a multipactor, but is not really understood. This discharge destroyed the tube after a few minutes, ending the investigation.

A Photographic Study of Events in a 14-In. Two-Cycle Gas-Engine Cylinder

Abstract The more important results are presented from a 2-year research program involving, it is believed, the first high-speed photographic records of events occurring within a very large engine cylinder. This research was performed on a co-operative basis by The Cooper-Bessemer Corporation and Battelle Memorial Institute. Involved in this study was a Cooper-Bessemer GMV engine, a two-cycle, spark-ignited engine of 14-in. bore and 14-in. stroke, which operates on natural gas. This engine is widely used for pumping natural gas through cross-country pipe lines. The photographs were made with the Battelle Isotran camera. Schlieren photographs were taken of combustion, exhaust blowdown, scavenging, gas turbulence, and fuel injection, through large glass windows mounted at various positions in the cylinder head and cylinder wall. All of these phenomena were rendered clearly visible in slow-motion pictures, and exact data were secured for all gas and flame velocities, as well as the crank angles involved in these events. The most important indication from the photographs is the basic nature of flow of scavenging air through the cylinder volume in turbulent jets, which apparently cannot be circumvented.

The Anti-Rachitic Value of Salmon Oil

In a previous experiment reported by the writers22Davis, D. E.,and J. R. Beach. A study of the relative value of certain root crops and salmon oil as sources of vitamin A for poultry. Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 412, 1–15, 1926. in 1926, a commercial oil, extracted from cannery refuse consisting of heads, tails, fins and viscera (including the livers) of salmon, was found to compare favorably with cod liver oil and greens as a source of vitamin A for poultry. That experiment was followed by the one33A brief summary of this experiment appeared in the Report of the Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta., 1925–26, p. 92. reported in this paper to determine if the salmon oil also contained vitamin D.For this experiment, fifty chicks, three days old, were divided into two groups of twenty-five each, and placed in a brooder-house which was divided, by a wire partition, into two pens. Light was admitted through large glass windows in the front of the house.The feed supplied during the first week was a scratch grain mixture, consisting of equal parts of wheat, granulated yellow corn, and steel cut oats, which was fed three times daily. The feeding of scratch grain was .