Large Droplets Research Articles

Glucocorticoid modulates oxidative and thermogenic function of rat brown adipose tissue and human brown adipocytes.

Chronic and excessive glucocorticoid (GC) exposure can cause Cushing's syndrome, resulting in fat accumulation in selected body areas. Particularly in the brown adipose tissue (BAT), GC acts negatively, resulting in whitening of the tissue. We hypothesized that dysregulation of microRNAs by GC could be an additional mechanism to explain its negative actions in BAT. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: (1) Control sham and (2) GC group that was administered dexamethasone 6.25 mg/200 μL via osmotic pump implantation over 28 days. After this period, the animals were euthanized and BAT tissue was properly stored. Human fat cells treated with dexamethasone were used to translate the experimental results found in animals to human biology. GC-treated rat BAT presented with large lipid droplets, severely impaired thermogenic activation, and reduced glucose uptake measured by 18F-FDG PET/CT. GC exposure induced a reduction in the mitochondrial OXPHOS system and oxygen consumption. MicroRNA profiling of BAT revealed five top-regulated microRNAs and among them miR-21-5p was the most significantly upregulated in GC-treated rats compared to the control group. Although upregulation of miR-21-5p in the tissue, differentiated primary brown adipocytes from GC-treated rats had decreased miR-21-5p levels compared to the control group. To translate these results to the clinic, human brown adipocytes were treated with dexamethasone and miR-21-5p inhibitor. In human brown cells, inhibition of miR-21-5p increased brown adipocyte differentiation and prevented GC-induced glucose uptake, resulting in a lower glycolysis rate. In conclusion, high-dose GC therapy significantly impacts brown adipose tissue function, with a notable association between glucose uptake and miR-21-5p.

Emulsification characteristics of crude oil with a high content of heavy components and its emulsification mechanism in porous media

There are occurrences of crude oil emulsification following the fracturing shut-in wells in the Jimushar, but the emulsification characteristics and mechanism remain unclear. In this study, the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance technique and visual microdisplacement tests are employed to investigate the emulsification characteristics of crude oil, along with its emulsification mechanism in porous media. Experimental results revealed that the heavy components (asphaltene and resin) enhance crude oil emulsification by increasing the viscous force of water droplets in the oil phase, affecting the size and stability of small water droplets in the oil phase. In the process of flowing through pore throats, emulsions are formed primarily by stretching and snap-off action, with stretching preferring to form smaller droplet-size emulsions, while snap-off results in the division of larger oil droplets into two smaller ones. The primary factors causing a large oil droplet to be stretched into smaller droplets include changes in the composition of the oil droplet, external tension, and the duration of these forces acting on the droplet. Capillary forces can emulsify crude oil and water at the pore scale, resulting in a reduction of the absorption rate. However, this rate can be restored when the capillary forces are strong enough for the water phase to penetrate and break through the emulsified layer. This study offers valuable insights into understanding the adaptability of the emulsification flooding mechanism.

Quantifying order in breath figurepatterns through Voronoi entropy.

In this study, we simulate breath figuresthat are evolving two-dimensional assemblies of droplets on a substrate. We focus on the Voronoi/Shannon entropy of these figures, which quantifies the order related to the coordination number of droplets. We show that the Voronoi entropy of the complete breath figurepattern converges to a value that is the one of a randomly distributed point system. Conversely, the subset containing exclusively large droplets of the breath figureexhibits significantly lower entropy than that obtained for all droplets. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we show that coalescence events in breath figuresinduce the same Voronoi entropy as that caused by repulsive interactions in a bidimensional atomic system.

Numerical and experimental investigation of the supercooled large droplets icing of rotating spinner

The icing of aero-engine rotating components is more complex than traditional aircraft icing. A three-dimensional numerical method was developed based on the Eulerian method to study the supercooled large droplets icing of a rotating spinner. Typical dynamic behaviours of supercooled large droplets, such as deformation, breakup, rebound, and splashing, were considered. An icing thermodynamic model applicable to a rotating spinner was established by considering the effects of pressure gradient, air shear force, and centrifugal force on the flow of the water film. Meanwhile, an ice wind tunnel experiment on supercooled large droplets icing of a rotating spinner was carried out. The results showed that the maximum relative deviation of the simulated icing thickness at the cone tip is no more than 15% compared with the experimental result, and the icing thickness on the surface of the rotating spinner is basically consistent with the experimental result. Based on the three-dimensional numerical method developed in this study, the effects of the rotational speed, inflow velocity, and inflow temperature on the supercooled large droplets icing of a rotating spinner were investigated. As the rotational speed increases, the rebound and splashing of supercooled large droplets becomes more obvious, leading to an increase in the mass loss coefficient and a decrease in the collected mass of water droplets on the surface of the rotating spinner. Consequently, the icing thickness at the tail of the rotating spinner decreases with an increase in the rotational speed. Since the liquid water content in the environment is relatively low, water droplets freeze immediately after impacting the surface of the rotating spinner and rime ice is usually formed. When the inflow temperature is relatively high, overflow water exists and glaze ice is formed near the tip of the rotating spinner. The findings of this study can provide valuable support for the design and verification of anti-icing systems for aero-engine rotating spinner.

Mechanism chaotic movement of Leidenfrost droplets

One of the most effective methods for cooling overheated surfaces is drip irrigation. If the surface temperature exceeds the Leidenfrost temperature, then a vapor film is formed between the droplet and the surface, which leads not only to a decrease in heat transfer intensity but also causes droplet mobility. For a number of applications, the mobility of droplets is an undesirable phenomenon, so the analysis of the factors responsible for their movement is a relevant task. Here we analyze the movement mechanism of the Leidenfrost droplets with variations in the composition and volume of the droplets. The data obtained show that the droplet speed increases with an increase in the droplet volume. However, smaller droplets change direction of motion more often than larger droplets. To substantiate the experimental data, a hypothesis is proposed, according to which the mechanism of movement of Leidenfrost droplets is caused by the reactive force that arises due to the evaporation of liquid. A Leidenfrost droplet changes the direction of its movement due to the deformation of its surface under the influence of gravity and capillary force. To substantiate the experimental data a simple phenomenological model is proposed.

Study of inclusions-removal and slag-metal dispersion phenomenon in gas-stirred ladle

Abstract The slag-metal interface serves as a crucial locus for both chemical reactions and the adsorption of inclusions during secondary refining. This study first comprehensively reviews the methods of inclusions removal and then establishes a cold-state experiment using a water-oil system to reappear the phenomenon of slag-metal dispersion and inclusion adsorption. The distribution of slag droplets under varying slag volumes is analyzed in terms of the effect of bottom blow rates. Simultaneously, the volumetric fraction of oxygen on the slag-eye surface is analyzed. The result proved that the increase in oil layer thickness or the gas flow rate increase the volume of entrained oil. The dimensionless depth of entrained droplets was positively associated with gas flow rate or oil thickness. The dimensionless depth of “large droplets” and “small droplets” was in the range of 0–25 % and 0–60 %, respectively. Moreover, analysis of the gas composition above the slag-eye in a water-oil system is used to determine the degree of secondary oxidation. The oxygen volume fraction over the surface of the slag-eye decreases with the increase of gas flow rate. The oxygen volume fraction over the surface of the slag-eye is 1.51 % when the gas flow rate is 9 L/min.

Early activation of hepatic stellate cells induces rapid initiation of retinyl ester breakdown while maintaining lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) activity

Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is the main enzyme producing retinyl esters (REs) in quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). When cultured on stiff plastic culture plates, quiescent HSCs activate and lose their RE stores in a process similar to that in the liver following tissue damage, leading to fibrosis. Here we validated HSC cultures in soft gels to study RE metabolism in stable quiescent HSCs and investigated RE synthesis and breakdown in activating HSCs.HSCs cultured in a soft gel maintained characteristics of quiescent HSCs, including the size, amount and composition of their characteristic large lipid droplets. Quiescent gel-cultured HSCs maintained high expression levels of Lrat and a RE storing phenotype with low levels of RE breakdown. Newly formed REs are highly enriched in retinyl palmitate (RP), similar to freshly isolated quiescent HSCs, which is associated with high LRAT activity. Comparison of these quiescent gel-cultured HSCs with activated plastic-cultured HSCs showed that although during early activation the total RE levels and RP-enrichment are reduced, levels of RE formation are maintained and mediated by LRAT. Loss of REs was caused by enhanced RE breakdown in activating HSCs. Upon prolonged culturing, activated HSCs have lost their LRAT activity and produce small amounts of REs by DGAT1. This study reveals unexpected dynamics in RE metabolism during early HSC activation, which might be important in liver disease as early stages are reversible. Soft gel cultures provide a promising model to study RE metabolism in quiescent HSCs, allowing detailed molecular investigations on the mechanisms for storage and release.

Stability of influenza A virus in droplets and aerosols is heightened by the presence of commensal respiratory bacteria.

Aerosol transmission remains a major challenge for control of respiratory viruses, particularly those causing recurrent epidemics, like influenza A virus (IAV). These viruses are rarely expelled alone, but instead are embedded in a consortium of microorganisms that populate the respiratory tract. The impact of microbial communities and inter-pathogen interactions upon stability of transmitted viruses is well-characterized for enteric pathogens, but is under-studied in the respiratory niche. Here, we assessed whether the presence of five different species of commensal respiratory bacteria could influence the persistence of IAV within phosphate-buffered saline and artificial saliva droplets deposited on surfaces at typical indoor air humidity, and within airborne aerosol particles. In droplets, presence of individual species or a mixed bacterial community resulted in 10- to 100-fold more infectious IAV remaining after 1 h, due to bacterial-mediated flattening of drying droplets and early efflorescence. Even when no efflorescence occurred at high humidity or the bacteria-induced changes in droplet morphology were abolished by aerosolization instead of deposition on a well plate, the bacteria remained protective. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the most stabilizing compared to other commensals at equivalent density, indicating the composition of an individual's respiratory microbiota is a previously unconsidered factor influencing expelled virus persistence.IMPORTANCEIt is known that respiratory infections such as coronavirus disease 2019 and influenza are transmitted by release of virus-containing aerosols and larger droplets by an infected host. The survival time of viruses expelled into the environment can vary depending on temperature, room air humidity, UV exposure, air composition, and suspending fluid. However, few studies consider the fact that respiratory viruses are not alone in the respiratory tract-we are constantly colonized by a plethora of bacteria in our noses, mouth, and lower respiratory system. In the gut, enteric viruses are known to be stabilized against inactivation and environmental decay by gut bacteria. Despite the presence of a similarly complex bacterial microbiota in the respiratory tract, few studies have investigated whether viral stabilization could occur in this niche. Here, we address this question by investigating influenza A virus stabilization by a range of commensal bacteria in systems representing respiratory aerosols and droplets.

Tailored edible 3D porous scaffolds constructed by Pickering emulgel templating for cell-cultured fish meat

Cell-cultured fish meat have emerged as an innovative approach to resolving the issues in response to consumer demand. Food-grade scaffolds, which not only serve as the “comfortable home” for stem cells but also endow the final product with meat-like texture, play a vital role in the construction of cell-cultured fish meat. In this study, pea protein, an abundant and inexpensive plant protein, is used to construct edible three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds, which exhibit desirable stem cell proliferation and differentiation performance. Our findings demonstrate that it is feasible to apply the Pickering emulgel templating combined with double-crosslinking to the preparation of cell-cultured fish meat scaffolds. The pore structure of 3D porous scaffolds can be altered by varying the emulsification parameters on demand. The Pickering emulgels with large droplet size (around 40 μm) are conducive to the formation of 3D porous scaffolds with large enough pore size for the growth of stem cells. The now available result help to explore the plant protein-derived scaffolds, provide insights into the development of Pickering emulgel-based 3D porous scaffolds and illuminate the relationship between the structural characteristics of scaffolds and the biological functions of stem cells.

Supercooled large droplet size distribution effects on airfoil icing: A numerical investigation based on a new coupled Eulerian method

Supercooled large droplets (SLDs) under natural icing conditions have the characteristics of easy deformation in motion and easy splashing on impact, and a bimodal droplet size distribution that has received less attention. The modified form of the Rosin-Rammler function was improved to achieve a more accurate nonlinear fitting of the SLD distribution curve. The droplet size distribution was divided into non-equipartition continuous multiple components. The drag source term of each component was coupled with the overall droplet size distribution, and the Eulerian equations of each component of SLDs were solved simultaneously. A new coupled Eulerian method for non-equipartition continuous multi-size droplets was proposed to simulate the impact characteristics of SLDs, and the SLD collection coefficients were validated. Effects of the ratio between the number of large and small droplet components and the number of all components on the simulation results were investigated to select a better combination based on stable convergence calculation steps and the calculation time. This new method was added to the multi-step icing numerical method, and the accuracy and robustness of the method in icing shape prediction were verified based on the freezing drizzle, median volume diameter < 40 μm (FZDZ, MVD < 40 μm) icing condition. Airfoil icing characteristics based on the bimodal and monomodal distribution were compared, and the icing shapes at the leading edge were similar. Still, the upper and lower limits of the icing shapes with the bimodal distribution were nearer to the trailing edge and the ice layer was thicker there.

Direct observation on the phase separation of polymer membrane embryos confined by microfluidics chips

In this paper, the growth of finger-like droplets inside various polymer membrane embryos induced by non-solvent phase separation (NIPS) is studied in details by using a standardized optical microscopic observation method. The boundary conditions of the phase separation are well-defined by microfluidics technology. The growth of finger-like droplets and Marangoni convection inside them are tracked and recorded by high-speed camera of sharp resolutions. Effects of the geometry of the membrane embryos (thickness/shape/size), humidity of the atmosphere and the viscosity of the embryos on the growth of finger-like droplets are systematically studied. Except the qualitative observations that are consistent to previous relative reports, more quantitative data are provided in this paper. The diffusing speed of the interface of the developing large droplets is measured by template matching algorithm. Strikingly, the time-dependent diffusing speed of the developing large droplets shows a wave-like declining pattern, which indicates that fluctuating boundary conditions are surrounding the membrane embryos. The Reynolds number of the flow inside the developing large droplets is estimated at the order of 10−5, the magnitude of which is 2 order smaller than that of a swimming sperm.

Separation of sticker-spacer energetics governs the coalescence of metastable biomolecular condensates.

Biological condensates often emerge as a multi-droplet state and never coalesce into one large droplet within the experimental timespan. Previous work revealed that the sticker-spacer architecture of biopolymers may dynamically stabilize the multi-droplet state. Here, we simulate the condensate coalescence using metadynamics approach and reveal two distinct physical mechanisms underlying the fusion of droplets. Condensates made of sticker-spacer polymers readily undergo a kinetic arrest when stickers exhibit slow exchange while fast exchanging stickers at similar levels of saturation allow merger to equilibrium states. On the other hand, condensates composed of homopolymers fuse readily until they reach a threshold density. Increase in entropy upon inter-condensate mixing of chains drives the fusion of sticker-spacer chains. We map the range of mechanisms of kinetic arrest from slow sticker exchange dynamics to density mediated in terms of energetic separation of stickers and spacers. Our predictions appear to be in excellent agreement with recent experiments probing dynamic nature of protein-RNA condensates.

Boiling induced atomization of liquid film produced by oblique jet impingement on superheated wall

For the thermal management of industrial devices, a reduction in the net coolant flow rate by droplet dispersion from a liquid film is important because it can cause unexpected thermal failure. To understand the process of droplet dispersion from a liquid film better, we experimentally and theoretically evaluated the characteristics of boiling-induced atomization in a liquid film formed by oblique jet impingement on a superheated wall. Atomization processes were visualized using magnified high-speed imaging using a backlight technique. In this study, two types of droplets were observed using high-speed-magnification imaging. These were large droplets that disintegrated from the ligament formed on a relatively high-temperature wall, and small droplets from the ligament formed via bubble bursting in the nucleate boiling regime. For the atomization induced by nucleate boiling, larger droplets were produced via bubble bursting further downstream from the impingement point because the bubble size and liquid film thickness increased. Finally, the total volume of the droplets produced by nucleate boiling was estimated from the frequency of bubble bursting and droplet size measured from the visualization results. The estimation results suggest that the ratio of the total volume flow rate of the ejected droplets to the injection flow rate of the liquid was negligible (2%). Thus, most of the injected liquid eventually reached the wetting front of the sheet, separating it from the wall before drying out.

Disaccharide-assisted inkjet freezing for improved cell viability

Non-permeable disaccharides are widely used as cryoprotectant agents due to their low cytotoxicity, but their protective effect is insufficient when the disaccharides are present only extracellularly. On the other hand, cryoprotectant agent (CPA)-free cryopreservation has been recently achieved by instantaneously inkjet-freezing cells as tiny droplets. However, CPA-free cryopreservation requires skilled handling operations due to instability of the vitreous water without the CPA. In this study, the effectiveness of separately adding two types of disaccharides in inkjet freezing of 3T3 cells was evaluated and the following results were obtained. First, trehalose showed the highest effect at 0.57 M, twice the plasma osmolarity, with a maximum cell viability of over 90 % when freezing 70 pL droplets. However, higher concentrations of trehalose decreased cell viability due to damage caused by dehydration. Similarly, sucrose gave cell viability close to 90 % at 0.57 M with 70 pL droplets, and higher concentrations decreased cell viability. Next, the relationship between minimum trehalose concentrations to prevent intracellular and extracellular ice crystal formation and droplet size was analyzed. The results indicated that trehalose of less than 0.57 M was able to inhibit intracellular ice crystal formation even in the largest droplet used in this study, 450 pL, while trehalose of nearly 0.57 M was required to inhibit extracellular ice crystal formation in the smallest droplet, 70 pL. In other words, the suppression of extracellular ice crystals by the addition of CPA was shown to be crucial in improving the viability of inkjet superflash freezing.

Quantitative signs on ultrasound biomicroscopy images associated with the status of silicone oil emulsification within the eye.

Silicone oil (SO) is a commonly used intraocular tamponade in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). SO emulsification is a common complication after SO injection. This study aimed to investigate correlations between SO emulsification signs on ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and the real number/size of SO droplets. An observational, cross-sectional study. Thirty-five RRD patients (19 males; 35 eyes) who underwent pars plana vitrectomy and SO injection were enrolled in the study. SO emulsification signs on UBM (endothelial deposits, floating droplets, ghost images, hyperoleon, anterior chamber angle impregnation, anterior iris surface impregnation, posterior iris surface impregnation and ciliary body impregnation) were acquired and quantified two days before SO removal, while real number/size of the SO droplets with a diameter in 0.4-20 μm in the first 2 mL washout fluid collected intraoperatively during SO removal were assessed by Coulter counter. Then the correlations between these values were explored. The grade of tissue impregnation and hyperoleon area in the anterior chamber demonstrated significant correlations with the number of large (5-20 μm) SO droplets (r = 0.336; P = 0.048 and r = 0.350; P = 0.039, respectively); however, no significant correlations were observed with the total number of droplets (0.4-20 μm)or the number of small (0.4-5 μm) droplets (both P ＞ 0.05). The UBM quantitative grade of tissue impregnation and hyperoleon area in the anterior chamber could provide a noninvasive overview of the actual degree of SO emulsification before SO removal surgery.

Enhanced solvent extraction of rare earth elements in ultra-high phase ratio with pore-throat microchannels

To enrich and recover low-concentration (101–102 ppm) rare earth elements from ores and industrial wastes, high phase-ratio solvent extraction is favored. However, high phase-ratio solvent extraction is limited by low mass transfer efficiency in the continuous phase due to the insufficient contact between large volume continuous phase and sparse droplets. To realize efficient solvent extraction of rare earth ions from low concentrations (100 ppm) aqueous phase to oil phase with high phase ratio, we introduce a type of microchannel with sequential pore-throat geometry. This sequential pore-throat geometry creates capillary barriers and effectively retains dispersed droplets, leading to a reduction of apparent water–oil volume ratio and thereby major mass transfer enhancement in the continuous phase. We experimentally highlight its advantage over classic uniform microchannel for solvent extraction of rare earth ions under high phase ratios: in a double pore-throat microchannel, extraction equilibrium can be reached within 30 s under high phase ratios of 50–250; for an extreme phase ratio of 500:1, extraction efficiency can achieve 77 % within a quadruple pore-throat channel, while that within a uniform microchannel is only below 40 %. The superiority of sequential pore-throat microchannel for extraction at a high phase ratio is reproduced using different types of rare earth ions. We thus conclude that sequential pore-throat geometry can drastically promote the performance of microfluidic-based solvent extraction at extreme phase ratios, for rare earth enrichment and potentially for other relevant applications.

Rebound of oscillating droplets on non-superhydrophobic surfaces

Oscillating droplets rebounding completely from non-superhydrophobic surfaces (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) were experimentally studied and theoretically interpreted. The new experimental finding is that, with increasing the droplet impact Weber numbers (We), the recovery coefficient of droplet velocity, which is defined as the ratio of the rebounding velocity over the impact velocity, has an overall trend of decrease but in a fluctuating manner. Physically, a sufficiently large droplet freely falling under gravity has an inevitable oscillation, which makes the impacting droplet shape slightly deviate from being spherical and in turn affects the interaction between the droplet and the surface. The fluctuating recovery coefficient is the result of the periodically varying phase of droplet oscillation with increasing We, and increasing the droplet viscosity can suppress the droplet oscillation and then the fluctuation amplitude of the recovery coefficient. A theoretical model of oscillating droplet rebound is proposed and well fits the present experiments over a wide range of We.

Numerical simulation of agricultural unmanned helicopter corn canopy spraying

Plant protection by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a highly complicated process, especially considering the vast and diversified crop canopy. Furthermore, the droplet dispersal mechanism above and inside the crop canopy remains unclear. Owing to this, the authors used the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to simulate the application of plant protection UAV. The LBM is suitable not only to simulate the rotor tip vortex of UAV but also to model the crop canopy with detailed geometry. It is found that the streamwise and spanwise speed of the downwash flow achieve an extreme value both on top of the corn canopy and near the ground. When the droplet diameter decreased from 400 to 50 μm, its deposit region width doubled and its floating time increased from 3 s to more than 12 s. Small droplets are more likely to be lifted by the secondary flow near the ground and drift for a longer distance, while larger droplets are deposited directly. The increase in application height weakened the secondary spanwise flow near the ground and caused less droplet re-lifting and spanwise movement. The best point to initiate and terminate spraying is 2.5 m after passing the target corn canopy region. The droplet penetration rate in the canopy decreased with an increase in droplet size. This study used the LBM to model the unmanned helicopter application on a full corn canopy. Droplet deposition and distribution correspond to droplet size and canopy structure. The simulation results establish a foundation to optimize agricultural aerial spraying in an efficient and methodical manner.

Simulation and experimental study on precise aeration and electric field for synergistic demulsification of emulsified oil

Numerical simulations of the deformation, aggregation, and migration processes of emulsified oil droplets under the influence of a multiphase field were conducted using COMSOL software. Combined with laboratory experiments, an existing process was improved and optimized by introducing the concept of "precise aeration." The results indicate that aeration can enhance the efficiency of electrochemical demulsification, with the gas field accelerating the deformation, aggregation, and migration processes of the oil droplets. Leveraging the numerical simulation results, laboratory experiments were conducted to optimize the aeration intensity and duration, which were reduced to 1.5 L/min and 60 min. At this point, the oil content and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the emulsified oil wastewater were only 4.98 mg/L and 101 mg/L, respectively. The demulsification mechanism was analyzed, revealing that under the combined action of the electric field and gas field, oil droplets underwent a polarization reaction and were aggregated into larger droplets. Aeration expedited the weakening of the mechanical strength at the oil-water interface of the droplets, which significantly improved the demulsification, coalescence, and flotation removal of the emulsified oil droplets. This study holds significant importance for the process improvement and mechanistic analysis of electrochemical demulsification for oil removal.

Tuning the Structure-Property Relationships in Binary and Ternary Blends of PLA/PBAT/PHBH.

While the brittle polylactide (PLA) has a high durability among bioplastics, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) with certain ductility exhibits facile compostability. The addition of polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) may also be used to improve the ductility and toughness of brittle bioplastics. Binary and ternary blends of PLA/PBAT/PHBH based on either PLA or PHBH as the matrix have been manufactured using a twin-screw extruder. The melt rheological, mechanical, and morphological properties of the processed samples were examined. Binary blends of PLA/PHBH show superior strength, with the PLA75/PHBH25 blend exhibiting a tensile strength of 35.2 ± 3.0 MPa, which may be attributed to miscible-like morphology. In contrast, blends of PLA with PBAT demonstrate low strength, with the PLA50/PBAT50 blend exhibits a tensile strength of 9.5 ± 2.0 MPa due to the presence of large droplets in the matrix. PBAT-containing blends exhibit lower impact strengths compared to PHBH-containing blends. For instance, a PLA75/PBAT25 blend displays an impact strength of 1.76 ± 0.1 kJ/m2, whereas the PHBH75/PBAT25 blend displays an impact strength of 2.61 ± 0.3 kJ/m2, which may be attributed to uniformly dispersed PBAT droplets.