Large Apartment Complexes Research Articles

미국에서의 콘도미니엄 관리

Like apartment buildings in Korea, condominiums in the United States are not a physical style or type of building, but rather a mode of ownership. In addition to the physical elements of private and common areas, condominiums in the U.S. also have an owner's association as a human element. However, unlike Korea, the human factor is much stronger than the physical factor. This is because the U.S. condominium law focuses on collective management of property. On the other hand, the Korean Collective Buildings Act has emphasized the right of separate ownership of the exclusive use part from the time of its enactment, as it originated from the modification of the sharing theory of the civil law to adjust the sharing relationship between the exercise of ownership of each exclusive use part and the common part or land, and to promote the survival of each unit owner with respect to the sharing relationship. However, collective buildings in Korea are becoming larger and larger, and large apartment complexes with many facilities are becoming more popular, and the proportion of common areas to the total area is increasing. Therefore, even in the Collective Building Act, it is necessary to strengthen the human factor through the community of residents to manage the common areas and control the interests of users of the common areas, such as noise between floors.

Case Study: An Analysis of a Sidewalk Trip and Fall after Repair Utilizing Photograph Scaling

Often, forensic human factors consultants are hired to work on a case after the incident area is altered, repaired, or destroyed. Photographs documenting the original incident area are critical in determining the causes of the injured parties’ fall. The case presented in this paper involves a trip and fall that occurred on the sidewalk of a large apartment complex. A human factors consultant analyzed the incident sidewalk post repair and was able to estimate the original condition of the sidewalk through the use of photograph scaling. In addition to an analysis of the human factors surrounding an incident, photograph scaling can be a useful tool in estimating elevation changes and determining the causes in a post repair trip and fall incident.

Articulation work: Value chains of land assembly and real estate development on a peri-urban frontier

If the entanglements of real estate and finance capital are pivotal in ongoing urban transformations in cities of the global south, then a less visible but equally vital dimension is the process of land assembly on which residential and commercial real estate speculation and development are premised. This paper pries open the value chain of land assembly that underlies these transformations in a rapidly expanding peri-urban frontier of Bengaluru, India. Drawing on detailed interviews with land market intermediaries, operating across different scales, who were instrumental in assembling agricultural land for a large apartment complex, the paper shows how existing forms of social power and local knowledge are harnessed to create inter-scalar linkages that enable the creation and extraction of value in Indian real estate. It makes the case for understanding the economic and cultural work of intermediaries in animating land's value chain as ‘articulation work’. Finally, the paper assesses the varying forms and quantum of value that are generated and captured by different actors in the value chain, which stretches from the landowning farmer up to a major real estate company, to reflect on the micro-dynamics of speculative urbanism and agrarian urbanization.

The assessment of green premium variation across different development scales: case of apartment complexes in Seoul, South Korea

ABSTRACT Building sustainability has become a major objective in architecture due to buildings’ significant contribution to the environment degradation. Like many other nations, South Korea has inaugurated the Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design (G–SEED) to address the issue of environmental loads caused by energy inefficient buildings. Due to the additional construction cost needed to obtain G–SEED certification, building stakeholders face challenges in deciding whether to invest in green building certification. In this study, we evaluate the existence and magnitude of the G–SEED price premium in Seoul, one of most densely populated cities in South Korea. We applied the hedonic pricing model to an extensive dataset of all housing transactions made during 2018 in all 25 districts of Seoul. Our findings indicate that the average price premium for a G–SEED certified apartment is 24.3%, with the premium being 18.3%, 31.0%, and 54.6% for small, medium, and large apartment complexes, respectively. We conclude that although the additional cost required to meet G–SEED certification criteria increases with the size of the development; green investment is profitable at all scales considered in this study.

Promoting cultural change towards dementia friendly communities: a multi-level intervention in Japan

BackgroundEffective strategies to develop dementia-friendly communities (DFCs) are needed in aging societies. We aimed to propose a strategy to develop DFCs from a Japanese perspective and to evaluate an intervention program that adopted the strategy.MethodsThis study implemented a multi-level intervention that emphasized nurturing community social capital in a large apartment complex in the Tokyo metropolitan area in 2017. We offered an inclusive café that was open for extended hours as a place to socialize and a center for activities that included monthly public lectures. Individual consultation on daily life issues was also available for free at the café. Postal surveys were sent out to all older residents aged 70 years and older in 2016 and 2019. With a one-group pre-test and post-test design, we assessed changes in the proportion of older residents who had social interaction with friends and those who were confident about living in the community, even if they were living with dementia.ResultsTotals of 2633 and 2696 residents completed the pre and post-intervention surveys, respectively. The mean age of the pre-intervention respondents was 77.4 years; 45.7% lived alone and 7.7% reported living with impaired cognitive function. The proportion of men who had regular social interaction and were confident about living in their community with dementia increased significantly from 38.8 to 44.5% (p = 0.0080) and from 34.1 to 38.3% (p = 0.045), respectively. Similar significant increases were observed in the subgroup of men living with impaired cognitive function, but not in the same subgroup for women.ConclusionsThe intervention benefitted male residents who were less likely to be involved in the community’s web of social networks at baseline. A strategy to create DFCs that emphasizes nurturing community social capital can form a foundation for DFCs.Trial registrationThis study was retrospectively registered in the University hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trial Registry (registry number: UMIN000038193, date of registration: Oct 3, 2019).

Overcoming the challenges of recruiting apartment residents for case study research: a research note

ABSTRACT A growing number of people live in apartments worldwide, and research into these contexts is key to the success of our cities. Recruiting apartment residents as research participants can be challenging, however, especially when using a case study approach. This research note outlines the participant recruitment method developed for case study research into large apartment complexes in Sydney, Australia, discussing the obstacles encountered and the strategies used to overcome them. Survey respondent and interviewee recruitment was challenging, needing several iterations of survey recruitment methodology and multiple strategies for interviewee recruitment (surveys, posters, ‘office hours’). Due to these measures, 21%-28% of households completed the survey, and between 14 and 17 resident interviewees were recruited for each case. The research note provides future researchers with guidance on successful strategies to recruit apartment residents.

Providing a safer passage: Perceptions about a neighborhood intervention program for disadvantaged youth.

"Safe Passage" is an after-school intervention program for disadvantaged youth in a medium-sized city in southern California. Led by local law enforcement, as well as the city's recreation and park department, the program's goal is to combine community policing with after-school care and tutoring to support children living in a large apartment complex with the highest rates of gang membership and crime in the city. This is an exploratory study that examines the perspectives of various stakeholders in the intervention program, including the community members, the local police, and Safe Passage staff members. Survey data from the community residents, program staff and law enforcement were collected. Findings indicate that there was some consensus across the various subpopulations on the challenges that have had the largest negative influence on youth in the community. The local police and the community members surveyed were also in agreement that police/community relations were largely positive. All stakeholders surveyed felt generally positive about the intervention program, but the community members were more skeptical of the program's ability to deter their children from trouble. Implications of our findings for the program and for future studies are discussed.

Improvements by Residential Neighborhood Types for Activation of Children’s Outdoor Play

The purpose of this study is to analyse the conditions of neighborhoods in Seoul and to propose improvements by residential neighborhood types activating children’s outdoor play. Based on the analysis of 4 sites by residential neighborhood types in Southwest district, the study suggests the following improvements. First, in ‘low-rise residential dense area’, it suggests to use neighborhood parks and schools actively in order to solve the problem of the lack of play space in the neighborhood. Especially, the school that is the hub of the neighborhood and the connection point of the children’s social networks should de considered actively. Second, in ‘residential mixed area’, it suggests that to use schools and outdoor spaces of apartments adjacent to the school actively in order to solve the problem of the lack of play space in the low-rise housing. Third, in ‘apartment complex dense area’, it suggests that to break boundaries between apartments to link play spaces in each apartment, and to design boundaries of the school and apartments as public spaces, in order to improve the current poor school-route conditions. Four, in ‘large scale apartment complex’, it suggest to use the car-free pedestrian lane adject to the school actively as the street-play space and to establish child-friendly travel routes within neighborhoods.

Domestic workers and the challenges of collectivization: labor NGOs, neighborhoods, apartment complexes

This paper is a critical commentary on the organizational challenges for collectivization of domestic workers (DWs) who constitute a core part of India’s informal economy. Building upon field research among DWs working in a mega-city and in multiple homes, we explore three challenges—the transformation of labor NGOs to ‘unions,’ the ‘place’ of the union and the ‘place’ of the worker in organizing DWs. While the first challenge deals with the form of the collective that best enables the transformation of subjectivity and consciousness of DWs from ‘servant’ to ‘worker,’ the latter two emerge from the structure of work of DWs—the fact that they are dispersed among multiple employers, and the possibilities offered by large apartment complexes for DW unions to work in concert with the state to guarantee worker rights.

Sunnyside: The Landscape of an American Party School in Morgantown, West Virginia

Sunnyside: The Landscape of an American Party School in Morgantown, West Virginia Pamela Curtin Introduction You can’t take away the memories!” Janna Kuett, an undergraduate at West Virginia University (WVU), wrote on Twitter on April 4, 2013, the day Mutt’s Sunnyside Place, a favorite student hangout in Morgantown, was demolished.1 Students expressed this sentiment in articles and op-eds in WVU’s newspaper, with alumni responding with similar frustration.2 Mutt’s, a simple three-story frame house converted into a tavern, sold in 2012 for $825,000, a price that reflected not the value of the building, but the value of the land.3 Replacing Mutt’s and its thirty-eight neighboring structures, mostly single-family homes dating from the 1890s to the 1920s, was University Place, an eight-story multiuse apartment complex. According to developers, University Place would “revitalize an unattractive dilapidated area into a beautiful, safe and affordable place for students, faculty, staff, and citizens to live, work, and shop.”4 This “area” is Sunnyside, a 130-acre neighborhood bordering West Virginia University’s Downtown Campus. As development has reshaped the neighborhood, it raises questions not only about Sunnyside’s future, but also its past. Sunnyside has become a contested place in Morgantown. While today it is known for student housing, Sunnyside was originally established for industrial workers and their families in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This transition from a working-class neighborhood to a student-centered space has been chronicled in Ronald Lewis’s Aspiring to Greatness and a 2015 article in West Virginia History, along with a number of local newspaper and magazine articles.5 These works have laid an excellent foundation for Sunnyside’s historical narrative, one that is framed by the broader fields of urbanization, deindustrialization, public history, and the history of higher education. [End Page 1] The University Place project is part of a movement to revitalize Sunnyside, which was designated a “blighted” neighborhood in 2003.6 Local developers, often in partnership with WVU, have undertaken housing projects that have added millions of dollars in property value and diversified amenities for students; simultaneously, these projects have contributed to a housing surplus in Morgantown, which contrasts housing shortages found in other college towns.7 Nonprofits like the Campus Neighborhoods Revitalization Corporation, formed in 2002 and known colloquially as “Sunnyside Up,” have partnered with the City of Morgantown and WVU to improve infrastructure, reconfigure streets, and address housing, amenities, traffic, and parking issues.8 While many acknowledge the positive aspects of these redevelopments, a number of students and alumni wonder how Sunnyside’s student culture will change. These concerned sentiments reflect what urban historian Alison Isenberg calls a “collective, community-wide sense of loss” amid neighborhood redevelopment.9 Click for larger view View full resolution Redevelopment has changed the landscape of Sunnyside. Large multiuse apartment complexes like University Place (on left) contrast historic houses converted into rental spaces for students (on right). Photograph by Pamela Curtin, 2016. This study explores Sunnyside as a cultural landscape, analyzing students’ connections to the neighborhood and their relationships with WVU administrators and citizens of Morgantown. The cultural landscape approach recognizes that the neighborhood’s physical spaces, ranging from old houses to new high-rises, are imbued with personal and collective meanings. Together, these meanings create a unique sense of place that impacts and is impacted by current redevelopment.10 The memories of Sunnyside’s unique [End Page 2] student community, contrasting with the “official” records of a university, have what historian John Thelin calls “an enduring, powerful impact on how Americans think about colleges as historic, special places.”11 This study focuses on the time period when Sunnyside became a student neighborhood, the 1960s to 1990s, while also integrating the perspectives of some contemporary students. Newspapers like WVU’s Daily Athenaeum along with university records inform discussions of student housing, off-campus activities, and WVU’s public image in light of student behaviors in Sunnyside. This study traces the local housing crisis in the 1960s, the development of Sunnyside’s “party culture” and notorious reputation, and the so-called “Sunnyside problem,” which frames discussions of the neighborhood’s physical and cultural...

The Effect of the Physical Environment on Crime Rates: Capturing Housing Age and Housing Type at Varying Spatial Scales

This study introduces filtering theory from housing economics to criminology and measures the age of housing as a proxy for deterioration and physical disorder. Using data for Los Angeles County in 2009 to 2011, negative binomial regression models are estimated and find that street segments with older housing have higher levels of all six crime types tested. Street segments with more housing age diversity have higher levels of all crime types, whereas housing age diversity in the surrounding ½-mile area is associated with lower levels of crime. Street segments with detached single-family units generally had less crime compared with other types of housing. Street segments with large apartment complexes (five or more units) generally have more crime than those with small apartment complexes and duplexes.

경과년수와 용적률의 상호작용을 고려한 아파트 가격 형성 분석

A capital gain from housing reconstruction is determined by unit pre-sale price, unit construction cost, permitted floor area ratio, and developed floor area ratio. The higher the permitted floor area ratio and the lower the developed floor area ratio, the higher the potential gain from housing reconstruction. Thus, all other things being equal, expected gains from the reconstruction of apartments of lower developed floor area ratios will become larger, and the economic service life of the apartments will be shortened further. Although previous studies recognized the impact of the developed floor area ratio on the capital gain expected from reconstruction, they failed to empirically analyze that the economic service life of housing may vary depending on the levels of floor area ratios. Even in the case of apartments of the same age, if the developed floor area ratio approaches the permitted floor area ratio, it is likely that housing price is relatively low because project feasibility is lowered as there is little room for constructing housing for general pre-sale other than for the existing housing owner. Hence, this study analyzes the price of housing that has the latent expectation for the possibility of reconstruction, taking into account the interaction of age and floor area ratio. As a result of the analysis, it was found that if the developed floor area ratio gets higher, the expectation for the possibility of reconstruction happens later. Therefore, as for an area where the supply of apartments was concentrated at a specific period, or a large high-density apartment complex of comparatively poor location conditions, the problem may occur that when the housing becomes so superannuated that it requires reconstruction, the superannuation will last for a long time unless reconstruction project feasibility is guaranteed.

목동신시가지 아파트 단지의 공간 분리 특성

The objective of this study was to determine the reason behind the phenomenon of Mok-dong New Town, an area developed with large-scale complex. It is divided from its surrounding area although it is not following the space grammar of a gated community. In-depth interviews with residents of Mok-dong New Town were performed. Information obtained from these interviews was used to identify main elements that caused residents to divide the residential territory. Results are as follows. First and foremost, visible and invisible boundaries of the Mok-dong New Town were formed on the basis of basic units in the planning and spatial operating system used to develop the large complex. Homogeneous territories and similar landscapes assumed the role of a physical fence. Administrative system including uniformed address system, the same apartment complex name, and separate management of school districts operated as non-physical aspects of a gate. Second, invisible boundaries such as community consciousness and neighborhood relations were stronger than visual boundaries such as gates and fences in Mok-dong New Town. Lastly, the concept and elements of the large-scale complex development plan were directly bound to the Mok-dong New Town. It also formed a boundary in a secondary way through limiting the range of daily life and neighborhood relations. The significance of this study is as follows. First, collection and analysis of data of this study were based on perceptions of actual residents. Second, actual condition and operation of Korean space separation were interpreted in connection with planning elements of large apartment complexes as well as social, cultural, and institutional contexts.

A Study on the Satisfaction of Housing Environment according to the Characteristics of Regional Housing - Focusing on Gyeongnam area -

Korea has been expanding its housing supply through the housing land development such as new cities and the development of large apartment complexes in order to solve the explosive increase in housing demand due to the economic growth since 1980s. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the quality level of housing along with the supply of such quantitative housing and the demand of quality of housing is increasing to such an extent that the quality level of housing is regarded as a measure of quality of life. Such quality of housing can varied depending on the housing environment; it can be changed depending on the housing size such as the land area, the building floor area, the exclusive residential area in case of the apartment, etc., and also varied depending on such the facilities existing internally and externally in the housing as the water and sewage facilities, the heating facilities, the supplementary facilities, etc. In addition, the regional environment in housing concerned such as commuting from home to jobsite/school, convenient use of the market, safety of housing, daylight, ventilation and the like can have an effect on the quality of residence. Therefore, this study intends to find out the difference of satisfaction with housing environment according to the characteristics of housing by dividing regions on basis of their sizes by the indices of housing characteristics targeting the cities or counties of Gyeongnam area and comparing and analyzing the satisfaction with housing environment by region. Furthermore, it aims to draw regional factors affecting the satisfaction with housing environment through analyzing the satisfaction with housing environment based on housing characteristics by region. Through it, the purpose of this study is to draw improvements of the environmental environment by region in local areas and provide implications as the basic data of the regional housing policy in the future.

New Insights into Rental Housing Markets across the United States: Web Scraping and Analyzing Craigslist Rental Listings

Current sources of data on rental housing—such as the census or commercial databases that focus on large apartment complexes—do not reflect recent market activity or the full scope of the US rental market. To address this gap, we collected, cleaned, analyzed, mapped, and visualized eleven million Craigslist rental housing listings. The data reveal fine-grained spatial and temporal patterns within and across metropolitan housing markets in the United States. We find that some metropolitan areas have only single-digit percentages of listings below fair market rent. Nontraditional sources of volunteered geographic information offer planners real-time, local-scale estimates of rent and housing characteristics currently lacking in alternative sources, such as census data.

New Insights into Rental Housing Markets Across the United States: Web Scraping and Analyzing Craigslist Rental Listings

Current sources of data on rental housing – such as the census or commercial databases that focus on large apartment complexes – do not reflect recent market activity or the full scope of the U.S. rental market. To address this gap, we collected, cleaned, analyzed, mapped, and visualized 11 million Craigslist rental housing listings. The data reveal fine-grained spatial and temporal patterns within and across metropolitan housing markets in the U.S. We find some metropolitan areas have only single-digit percentages of listings below fair market rent. Nontraditional sources of volunteered geographic information offer planners real-time, local-scale estimates of rent and housing characteristics currently lacking in alternative sources, such as census data.

상수도관망에서 대수용가의 유량변화에 따른 수압 및 탁도발생 영향평가

【Water discolouration and increased turbidity in the local water service distribution network occurred from hydraulic incidents such as drastic changes of flow and pressure at large consumer. Hydraulic incidents impose extra shear stresses on sediment layers in the network, leading to particle resuspension. Therefore, real time measuring instruments were installed for monitoring the variation of water flow, pressure, turbidity and particulates on a hydrant in front of the inlet point of large apartment complex. In this study, it is attempted to establish a more stable water supply plan and to reduce complaints from customers about water quality in a district metering area. To reduce red or black water, the water flow monitoring and control systems are desperately needed in the point of the larger consumers.】

Factors Influencing Water Consumption in Multifamily Housing in Tempe, Arizona

Central to the Smart Growth movement is that compact development reduces vehicle miles traveled, carbon emissions, and water use. Empirical efforts to evaluate compact development have examined residential densities but have not distinguished decreasing lot sizes from multifamily apartments as mechanisms for compact development. Efforts to link design features to water use have emphasized single-family at the expense of multifamily housing. This study isolates the determinants of water use in large (more than fifty units) apartment complexes in the city of Tempe, Arizona. In July 2007, per bedroom water use increased with pool area, dishwashers, and in-unit laundry facilities. We are able to explain nearly 50 percent of the variation in water demand with these variables. These results inform public policy for reducing water use in multifamily housing structures, suggesting strategies to construct and market “green” apartment units.

서울 금호동 오픈스페이스 네트워크 계획

Geumho-dong, Seoul, a redeveloped residential area, is located in the foothills of Mt. Eungbong. The geographical undulation, the composition of a large apartment complex, and the partial implementation of the redevelopment project have caused the severe physical and social disconnections in this area. In order to recover functioning in the disconnected community, this study pays attention to the regeneration of the open spaces as an everyday place and in the form a network system among those open spaces. Various types of the open spaces are classified into points or faces, `bases` and linear `paths` analyze the network status. More than half of the open space have connecting-distance of 500m or more. Furthermore, many areas are not even included in the service-area of the open spaces. Analysis of the connectivity and integration value using the axial map has carried out to check weak linkages and to choose the sections where additional bases are required. In addition, to improve the quality of the bases and the paths, a field investigation is conducted and problems are diagnosed. The network planning of the open spaces in Geumho-dong is established, ensuring the quality and quantity of bases and paths. The plan includes the construction of an additional major base in the central area and six secondary bases in other parts, and comes up with ways to improve the environment of underdeveloped secondary bases. In the neighborhood parks at Mt. Daehyun areas, the major path are added, and the environment of the paths is improved in certain areas. Because of the network planning, the connecting-distances between bases are reduced significantly, the connectivity and integration value of the area are increased, and the service areas of the open spaces cover the whole area properly. Although this study has some limitations such as the needs for the legal and institutional supports and difficulties of a quantitative indexing process, its significance lies in the suggestion of a more reasonable and practical plan for the overall network system by defining complex types of open spaces simply and clearly and by examining the organic relationships quantitatively and qualitatively.

Demand Side Management With Air Conditioner Loads Based on the Queuing System Model

This paper presents a novel load management technique for the air conditioner loads in large apartment complexes. Through systematic aggregations and load factor controls of the air conditioner loads based on a queuing system model and the Markov birth and death process, the proposed technique can offer effective and convenient load management measures to both the power companies and the customers. The customers' inconveniences or discomforts can be moderated by the aggregations plus the incentives based on the participation levels in the load management. A numerical example using the load data from a large apartment complex shows a good potential for future applications.