Large Amplification Research Articles

Weakly Magnetized, Hall Dominated Plasma Couette Flow.

A novel plasma equilibrium in the high-β, Hall regime that produces centrally peaked, high Mach number Couette flow is described. Flow is driven using a weak, uniform magnetic field and large, cross field currents. Large magnetic field amplification (factor 20) due to the Hall effect is observed when electrons are flowing radially inward, and near perfect field expulsion is observed when the flow is reversed. A dynamic equilibrium is reached between the amplified (removed) field and extended density gradients.

Lessons from a Small Local Earthquake (Mw 3.2) That Produced the Highest Acceleration Ever Recorded in Mexico City

AbstractA reliable estimation of seismic hazard-facing Mexico City from local earthquakes has suffered from poor seismic instrumentation, complex crustal structure, large and variable site amplification, and lack of knowledge of recurrence period of earthquakes on the mapped faults. Owing to recent improvement in local seismic networks, an earthquake swarm activity, which occurred in June–August 2019, was well recorded. The largest event of the sequence, an Mw 3.2 earthquake, caused panic in the city and produced peak ground acceleration (PGA) exceeding 0.3g at the closest station (MHVM) about 1 km away. An analysis of the event shows that it had normal-faulting focal mechanism, consistent with northeast–southwest-oriented mapped faults in the region. It was located at a depth of ∼1 km and had a low stress drop (∼0.1 MPa). We find that the high PGA for this low stress-drop event resulted from high-frequency amplification at MHVM (about factor of ∼6 around 13 Hz), likely due to topographic site effects, superimposed on a pervasive broadband amplification of seismic waves at hill-zone sites in the Valley of Mexico (up to ∼10 in the frequency band of 0.2–10 Hz). Simulation of ground motion for a scenario Mw 5.0 earthquake, using an empirical Green’s function technique, reveals that such an event may give rise to significant seismic intensities in the lake-bed zone of Mexico City. The results emphasize the need to re-evaluate the seismic hazard to Mexico City from local crustal earthquakes in the Valley of Mexico.

Quantum thermal transistor: a unified method from weak to strong internal coupling

We investigate the performance of a three-qubits quantum thermal transistor using coarse-graining, global, and local master equations, respectively. Special attention is paid to the validity of the three methods in different internal coupling strengths. The effects of system and bath parameters on the amplification effect are studied. It is found that small middle qubit frequency, weak internal coupling, and symmetric configuration of system-bath coupling lead to large amplification factor. The heat current amplification mechanism is discussed and quantum coherence does not contribute to amplification. Besides, the thermal transistor is realized by tuning the temperature of the middle bath, the temperature of the left bath, or the internal coupling strength.

An inertial model of vortices to explain the extreme sensitivity of hexatic vortex fluid to low frequency ac excitation

Recently, it has been demonstrated that the Hexatic vortex fluid realized in 2-dimensional vortex state of a very weakly pinned amorphous MoGe thin film is extremely sensitive to external ac excitation. A large amplification of resistance is observed when the sample is exposed to external electromagnetic radiation or a small ac current is superimposed with the subcritical measuring dc current. The observed resistance strongly depends on both amplitude and frequency of the ac excitation. In this paper, we develop an inertial model of vortex lattice subjected to a small amplitude of ac current, by extending the flux creep theory. We show that the resistance increases exponentially with both amplitude and frequency of the ac current and explain quantitatively the variation of resistance with the amplitude and frequency of ac current using the presented model.

Intense Brillouin amplification in gas using hollow-core waveguides.

Among all the nonlinear effects stimulated Brillouin scattering offers the highest gain in solid materials and has demonstrated advanced photonics functionalities in waveguides. The large compressibility of gases suggests that stimulated Brillouin scattering may gain in efficiency with respect to condensed materials. Here, by using a gas-filled hollow-core fibre at high pressure, we achieve a strong Brillouin amplification per unit length, exceeding by six times the gain observed in fibres with a solid silica core. This large amplification benefits from a higher molecular density and a lower acoustic attenuation at higher pressure, combined with a tight light confinement. Using this approach, we demonstrate the capability to perform large optical amplifications in hollow-core waveguides. The implementations of a low-threshold gas Brillouin fibre laser and a high-performance distributed temperature sensor, intrinsically free of strain cross-sensitivity, illustrate the potential for hollow-core fibres, paving the way to their integration into lasing, sensing and signal processing.

Combining competitive sequestration with nonlinear hybridization chain reaction amplification: an ultra-specific and highly sensitive sensing strategy for single-nucleotide variants

Highly specific and sensitive detection of single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) is of central importance in disease diagnosis and pharmacogenomics. However, it remains a great challenge to successfully detect very low amounts of mutant SNV sequences in real samples in which a SNV sequence may be surrounded by high levels of closely related wild-type sequences. Herein, we propose an ultra-specific and highly sensitive SNV sensing strategy by combining the competitive sequestration with the nonlinear hybridization chain reaction (HCR) amplification. The rationally designed sequestration hairpin can effectively sequester the large amount of wild-type sequence and thus dramatically improve the hybridization specificity in recognizing SNVs. To improve the detection sensitivity, a new fluorescent signal probe is fabricated by intercalating SYBR Green I dye into the nonlinear HCR based DNA dendrimer to further bind with SNVs for signal amplification. The hyperbranched DNA dendrimer possesses large numbers of DNA duplexes for dye intercalation, thus the signal probe shows strong fluorescence intensity, leading to large fluorescence signal amplification. Taking advantage of the improved hybridization specificity of the competitive sequestration and the enhanced fluorescence response of the nonlinear HCR amplification, the developed sensing strategy enables ultra-specific and highly sensitive detection of SNVs. Taking human pancreatic cancers and colorectal carcinomas related KRAS gene mutations as models, the developed strategy shows remarkably high specificity against 17 SNVs (discrimination factors ranged from 126 to 1001 with a median of 310), and achieves high sensitivity for 6 KRAS mutations (the best resultant detection limit reached 15 pM for KRAS G13D (c.38G > A)). Notably, combined with PCR amplification, our SNV sensing strategy could detect KRAS G12D (c.35G > A) from extracted human genomic DNA samples at abundance as low as 0.05%. This work expands the rule set of designing specific and sensitive SNV sensing strategies and shows promising potential application in clinical diagnosis.

Enhanced charge reversal and charge amplification in a shape- and size-asymmetric electric double layer: the effect of big ions

In this paper, we present a Monte Carlo simulation study on the charge distribution and structure of a shape- and size-asymmetric electric double layer around a spherical colloid. Specifically, the macroparticle is surrounded by a binary electrolyte composed of spherical and spherocylindrical ions, where the excluded volume of the spherocylinders is considerably larger than that of the electrolytic spheres. We have used spherocylinders of low aspect ratio , a sphere-spherocylinder ionic size asymmetry of and a colloid-spherocylinder size asymmetry of . Results are presented for the local integrated charge and the colloid-ion radial distribution functions, considering several salt concentrations and charged states of the macroparticle. The conditions used here produce integrated charge profiles that are strongly oscillatory, with alternating layering regions of very large charge reversal and charge amplification (or overcharging), in a sequence that depends on the ionic identity of the spherocylinders. Such phenomenology is particularly visible in the regime of low colloidal charge, and it is mainly driven by the characteristics of the non-spherical ions and the size asymmetry between the ionic species. For weakly electrified macroions, the innermost region of anomalous charge has the largest amplitude and reaches absolute values of more than 15 times the native colloidal charge.

High-pressure x-ray absorption and diffraction study of the self-doped superconductor EuFBiS2

The ${\mathrm{BiS}}_{2}$-based layered materials are characterized by a highly susceptible physical state, revealing a large response to external conditions. A particular case is the ${\mathrm{EuFBiS}}_{2}$ compound, showing a superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\sim}0.3$ K at ambient pressure. Upon increasing external pressure, ${T}_{c}$ goes through a large amplification, accompanied by a structural phase transition (SPT) from tetragonal to monoclinic symmetry. Here, we use a combination of Eu ${\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}L}_{3}$ - edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy and synchrotron x-ray diffraction to unveil the evolution of the Eu valence and lattice symmetry under high pressure. We find that the average Eu valence increases gradually with pressure, exhibiting a pressure plateau near the SPT, at which the ${T}_{c}$ increases sharply. Since in ${\mathrm{EuFBiS}}_{2}$ the charge carriers are introduced via self-doping induced by the mixed valence of the Eu ions, our findings clearly indicate that the role of the charge doping is marginal in the ${T}_{c}$ enhancement. On the other hand, the structural distortions, taking place at the SPT, play a central role in enhancing the superconducting properties of the ${\mathrm{EuFBiS}}_{2}$ system.

Projected Future Temporal Trends of Two Different Urban Heat Islands in Athens (Greece) under Three Climate Change Scenarios: A Statistical Approach

This is the first study to look at future temporal urban heath island (UHI) trends of Athens (Greece) under different UHI intensity regimes. Historical changes in the Athens UHI, spanning 1971–2016, were assessed by contrasting two air temperature records from stable meteorological stations in contrasting urban and rural settings. Subsequently, we used a five-member regional climate model (RCM) sub-ensemble from EURO-CORDEX with a horizontal resolution of 0.11° (~12 × 12 km) to simulate air temperature data, spanning the period 1976–2100, for the two station sites. Three future emissions scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5) were implanted in the simulations after 2005 covering the period 2006–2100. Two 20-year historical reference periods (1976–1995 and 1996–2015) were selected with contrasting UHI regimes; the second period had a stronger intensity. The daily maximum and minimum air temperature data (Tmax and Tmin) for the two reference periods were perturbed to two future periods, 2046–2065 and 2076–2095, under the three RCPs, by applying the empirical quantile mapping (eqm) bias-adjusting method. This novel approach allows us to assess future temperature developments in Athens under two UHI intensity regimes that are mainly forced by differences in air pollution and heat input. We found that the future frequency of days with Tmax > 37 °C in Athens was only different from rural background values under the intense UHI regime. Thus, the impact of heatwaves on the urban environment of Athens is dependent on UHI intensity. There is a large increase in the future frequency of nights with Tmin > 26 °C in Athens under all UHI regimes and climate scenarios; these events remain comparatively rare at the rural site. This large urban amplification of the frequency of extremely hot nights is likely caused by air pollution. Consequently, local mitigation policies aimed at decreasing urban atmospheric pollution are expected to be highly effective in reducing urban temperatures and extreme heat events in Athens under future climate change scenarios. Such policies directly have multiple benefits, including reduced electricity (energy) needs, improved living quality and strong health advantages (heat- and pollution-related illness/deaths).

A new Hall-effect enabled voltage amplifier device based on magnetic and thermal properties of materials

In this paper, a voltage amplifier device is proposed based on the Hall effect principle. Existing method based on this principle requires large magnetic field, but it is limited due to saturating effect of magnetic field on output. Therefore, the technique presented in this paper provides amplification control by changing applied stress on the material placed in a magnetic field. This device has the ability to produce large amplification (theoretically infinite). The effect of the choice of material based on magnetic properties and effect of stress on geometrical dimensions is also studied. The undesired effect of temperature rise on the device is also studied in detail, and compensation techniques are proposed. This paper shall substantially contribute to designing such amplifiers based on Hall effect to someday pose a challenge to op-amp technology.

Abstract B081: Common copy number aberrations in breast cancer in Latinas

Abstract Background: Latinos represent the largest and fastest-growing minority population in the US; breast cancer is the most common cancer and causes the most cancer deaths in this population. Copy number amplifications and deletions are an important determinant of the biology of breast tumors and, in some cases, may help to guide treatment. However, little is known about the copy number profile of breast tumors from Latinas. For example, in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), one of the largest publicly available tumor mutation datasets, there are data on only 31 Latina (out of a total of >1000) breast cancer cases. Therefore, we used whole exome sequencing on matched tumor/normal pairs in 146 tumors from 142 women, to investigate copy number aberrations in breast tumors from Latinas. Methods: We enrolled 142 Latinas with invasive breast cancer and obtained blood and tumor tissue (formalin-fixed paraffin embedded). We performed whole exome sequencing of 146 pairs of tumor (somatic) and normal (germline) samples resulting in 142 tumor-normal pairs for analysis. Target coverage for normal was ~30X and for tumor was ~100X. Sequence data were aligned using Burrows-Wheeler Aligner, and copy number aberrations were called using CNVkit. We estimated genetic ancestry from the germline genotype data using ADMIXTURE. Results: Age at diagnosis ranged from 31 to 75 years with a median age of 48 years. Histologically, 83% were estrogen-receptor positive, 71 % were progesterone-receptor positive, and 17% were human epidermal growth factor receptor positive; 87% were Stage 1 or 2 at diagnosis. The mean genetic ancestry in our sample was ~52.3% European, ~41.6% Indigenous American, and ~6.2% African. Large copy number amplifications were detected mostly commonly at 1q and 8q, and large deletions were detected at 11q, 16q and 17p. Genes commonly gained/amplified included MYC (43%), FGFR1 (19.2%), CCND1 (18.0%), and ERRB2 (14.4%). Genes commonly deleted in at least one chromosome include TP53, MAP2K4, BRCA1, PP2R2A, CHEK2, and PALB2. Summary: Breast tumors from Latinas display similar rates of large chromosomal copy number gains and losses at common positions and similar rates of gene-specific copy number amplifications and deletions compared non-Latina European ancestry women. Citation Format: Elad Ziv, Daniel Schmolze, Donglei Hu, Aaron Adamson, Shu Tao, Charleen Adams, Linda Steele, Scott Huntsman, Jeffrey Weitzel, Jung Byun, Kevin Gardner, Eliseo Perez-Stable, Anna Napoles-Springer, Susan Neuhausen. Common copy number aberrations in breast cancer in Latinas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B081.

Compartmentalization and Clonal Amplification of HIV-1 in the Male Genital Tract Characterized Using Next-Generation Sequencing.

Compartmentalization of HIV-1 between the systemic circulation and the male genital tract may have a substantial impact on which viruses are available for sexual transmission to new hosts. We studied compartmentalization and clonal amplification of HIV-1 populations between the blood and the genital tract from 10 antiretroviral-naive men using Illumina MiSeq with a PrimerID approach. We found evidence of some degree of compartmentalization in every study participant, unlike previous studies, which collectively showed that only ∼50% of analyzed individuals exhibited compartmentalization of HIV-1 lineages between the male genital tract (MGT) and blood. Using down-sampling simulations, we determined that this disparity can be explained by differences in sampling depth in that had we sequenced to a lower depth, we would also have found compartmentalization in only ∼50% of the study participants. For most study participants, phylogenetic trees were rooted in blood, suggesting that the male genital tract reservoir is seeded by incoming variants from the blood. Clonal amplification was observed in all study participants and was a characteristic of both blood and semen viral populations. We also show evidence for independent viral replication in the genital tract in the individual with the most severely compartmentalized HIV-1 populations. The degree of clonal amplification was not obviously associated with the extent of compartmentalization. We were also unable to detect any association between history of sexually transmitted infections and level of HIV-1 compartmentalization. Overall, our findings contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics that affect the composition of virus populations that are available for transmission.IMPORTANCE Within an individual living with HIV-1, factors that restrict the movement of HIV-1 between different compartments-such as between the blood and the male genital tract-could strongly influence which viruses reach sites in the body from which they can be transmitted. Using deep sequencing, we found strong evidence of restricted HIV-1 movements between the blood and genital tract in all 10 men that we studied. We additionally found that neither the degree to which particular genetic variants of HIV-1 proliferate (in blood or genital tract) nor an individual's history of sexually transmitted infections detectably influenced the degree to which virus movements were restricted between the blood and genital tract. Last, we show evidence that viral replication gave rise to a large clonal amplification in semen in a donor with highly compartmentalized HIV-1 populations, raising the possibility that differential selection of HIV-1 variants in the genital tract may occur.

Waste capacitor: A fresh approach to detect and remove Cr(VI) from water and making it an energy harvesting material

The large scale amplification of industrial discharge in the modern era is resulting in widespread water pollution, especially from various industrial effluents and wastewater containing heavy metals, posing a severe threat to our environment. In order to combat such problems, this work aims on Multifunctional Fluorescent Nano-Sensor (MFNS) mediated simultaneous detection and removal of hexavalent chromium from real life wastewater which further converts it into an energy harvesting material, namely, “Waste capacitor”. This smart material can detect the presence of the targeted heavy metal (Cr(VI)) in the wastewater and can entrap it by using a facile adsorption process. Thereafter, it will change its microstructure which further enhances its dielectric properties. Morphology, microstructure and optical properties of the synthesized material have been studied thoroughly and a turn-off based fluorescence sensing has been reported herein. Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) based fluorescence quenching is mainly responsible for this sensing mechanism. The selectivity and sensitivity of the material during fluorescence sensing have also been studied by using standard Stern-Volmer method showing that the synthesized material is tremendously selective and sensitive towards the specific target ion. High surface area with slit-like porous structure enhances the adsorption based removal of the contaminant. Nearly 76% of contaminants have been removed by using this smart material. After adsorbing specified target, this MFNS changes its microstructure and results in superior dielectric constant with a minimal tangent loss. Tremendous sensitivity (in nM range), selectivity towards the specific contaminant and adsorption of toxic heavy metal and converting it into a green energy harvesting material (waste capacitor) makes this smart multifunctional material a real waste to wealth converter.

Study and Design of Micro Gripper Driven by Electrothermal V - Shaped Actuator

This paper presents a design, calculation, simulation and fabrication of micro gripper driven by the electrothermal V-shaped actuator. The working principle of the V-shaped actuator bases on the thermal expansion of a thin beam when applying a voltage. The advantages of this design are large displacement amplification factor, large driving force, low voltage, simple configuration and control. The maximum displacement of each jaw can be up to 40µm at the calculated voltage of 17.35V and low operating frequency. Simulating displacement of the micro gripper in ANSYS multiphysics shows an average voltage deviation of 5.98% in comparison with calculation at the same displacement. The micro gripper has been fabricated successfully by using MEMS technology and SOI wafer. Measured result confirmed positive features of the system such as large displacement and low driving voltage (i.e. low power consumption). The next step, it can be integrated in micro-robot or in micro assembling systems to clamp and lift the micro/nano samples.

FEA-based optimization of a complete structure of a monolithic z/tip/tilt micromanipulator

In micro/nano manipulation mechanisms, the compliant z/tip/tilt stages have proved to have enormous advantages for out-of-plane positioning. Small workspace is a challenge in designing these out-of-plane positioning systems. This deficiency can be overcome significantly by a new insight into the optimization approach of a compliant mechanism that can be implemented easily on the entire structure of any spatial mechanism and/or any spatial mechanism with n-symmetrical spatial kinematic chains. Finite Element Method (FEM) adopted by the engineering software, ANSYS, is utilized to perform the structural optimization of an entire three-way symmetric spatial compliant mechanism to achieve the best performances and overcoming deficiencies. Therefore, this paper introduces a compliant monolithic three degrees of freedom (DOFs) z/tip/tilt piezo-driven micromanipulator with a comparable large workspace. Furthermore, as compact as 201 mm × 180 mm × 75 mm and made of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) with the first natural frequency of 115.42 Hz make this design superior in comparison to its peers. Regarding the structural aspects, three Scott-Russell and six leaf parallelogram mechanisms are employed to transform horizontal piezoelectric actuators’ inputs (PEAs) to vertical inputs and transfer them to the stage. The best performances of the proposed structure are achieved by optimizing the mechanism using FEM. Due to the optimization, a large amplification ratio of 5.3 is achieved. Moreover, finite element analyses and analytical modeling are performed to verify the performance of the proposed mechanism. Finally, in a comparative study, the captured workspace and resonant frequency of the proposed micromanipulator are compared against those available in theliterature and provide an insight into the performances of the proposed monolithic mechanism.

Seismic performance evaluation of existing light poles on elevated highway bridges

Damages on light poles and utility poles mounted on elevated highway or railway bridges were observed in the past several large earthquakes. They were mostly due to excessive pole deformation, bending failure caused by yielding, buckling of the pole and falling of the mast. The damages did not only affect functionalities but also impeded the traffic and further complicated post-earthquake recovery of affected area. While seismic resistance of elevated highway bridges has been evaluated and upgraded in the seismic codes, most light and utility poles were designed for wind loading and not for earthquake, so their seismic performances were rarely evaluated. In this research, seismic performance of a typical light pole mounted on elevated highway bridges is investigated. The study includes experimental modal analysis of existing light pole, finite element simulation, and case study of the light pole on existing elevated highway bridge. The results of finite element simulations show that response amplification occurs when the bridge’s natural frequency is within a close range of the light pole’s fundamental frequency. Due to inherently low structural damping, the light pole experiences large amplification at the resonance, and this leads to bending failure when the maximum stress exceeds the yield stress limit.

Fiber-based phase-sensitive optical amplifiers and their applications

Optical parametric amplifiers rely on second-order susceptibility (three-wave mixing) or third-order susceptibility (four-wave mixing) in a nonlinear process where the energy of incoming photons is not changed (elastic scattering). In the latter case, two pump photons are converted to a signal and to an idler photon. Under certain conditions, related to the phase evolution of the waves involved, this conversion can be very efficient, resulting in large amplification of an input signal. As the nonlinear process can be very fast, all-optical applications aside from pure amplification are also possible. If the amplifier is implemented in an optical input-phase-sensitive manner, it is possible to amplify a signal wave without excess noise, i.e., with a noise figure of 0 dB. In this paper, we will provide the fundamental concepts and theory of such amplifiers, with a focus on their implementation in highly nonlinear optical fibers relying on four-wave mixing. We will discuss the distinctions between phase-insensitive and phase-sensitive operation and include several experimental results to illustrate their capability. Different applications of parametric amplifiers are also discussed, including their use in optical communication links.

Digital PCR and its application in biological detection

Various derivative technologies based on PCR for nucleic acid detection have emerged with the continuous development and the diverse needs of molecular biology technology. Digital PCR (dPCR) is a nucleic acid detection method for large scale amplification based on a single molecular template, which runs an individual PCR reaction using chambers/wells or droplets. dPCR can be used for absolute quantification for the initial concentration of samples without calibrator and drawing standard curve, showing the characteristics of high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. In this review, we introduce the history of technology development, principle, and instrument platform types of digital PCR in detail. Then, we summarize the application of this technology in GMO quantification, disease diagnosis, environment and food supervision. Finally, we describe the application prospect of dPCR, providing a reference for the development and utilization of this technology in the future.

Design and development of compliant mechanisms for electromagnetic force balance sensor

Compared with the lever-type amplifier, the rhombus-type amplifier has attracted more attention by virtue of large displacement amplification ratio, compact structure, and linear output displacement. In this paper, a novel electromagnetic force balance sensor (EFBS) based on the rhombus-type amplifier is presented to measure the mass with high precision. First, the structure and operating principle of the EFBS are described, and the requirements for the design and manufacture of the amplifier are put forward. Then, the analytical models of the two-stage rhombus-type amplifier are given out, and two guiding mechanisms are analyzed and modeled. Furthermore, the validity of the established model is verified by finite element analysis (FEA). Thanks to the theoretical guidance, an electromagnetic force balance sensor based on the two-stage rhombus-type amplifier and double parallelogram flexure mechanism is designed and tested. The experimental results demonstrate that the developed EFBS can measure the mass of the objects with high precision, and also verifies the correctness of the analytical model. This provides a new concept for the structural design of the EFBS.

Influence of optical radiation parameters on the amplitude characteristics of silicon photoelectron multipliers

At present, silicon photoelectronic multipliers with a low voltage, high sensitivity in the visible and near infrared spectral regions, and large amplification factors are often used to record optical radiation in a wide range of intensities of the visible and near infrared spectral regions. The purpose of this article is to determine the dependence of the type of amplitude distribution of pulses, created by silicon photoelectronic multipliers, on the intensity of the recorded optical radiation. As research objects, commercially available Ketek PM 3325 and ON Semi FC 30035 silicon photomultiplier tubes have been used, as well as multipliers from a pilot batch manufactured by OJSC “INTEGRAL” (Republic of Belarus). The paper studies the amplitude distribution of voltage pulses, formed on the load resistor of silicon photoelectronic multipliers by the photocurrent for various values of the energy exposure of optical pulses. The range of values of the energy exposure of optical pulses was determined at which the amplitude distributions of these pulses have pronounced peaks. It was found out that with increasing energy exposure of the optical pulse, part of the peaks disappears. It was established that all the dependencies of the average amplitude of such pulses on the magnitude of the energy exposure of the optical pulse for silicon photomultiplier tubes have a linear section. The performed experimental studies showed that an increase in the energy exposure of optical pulses results in an increase in the dispersion of the amplitude distribution of pulses. It was found that for a linear dependence of the energy exposure of the optical pulse on the optical pulse duration in the range from 50 ns to 1 μs, the studied silicon photoelectronic multipliers formed voltage pulses of 1 μs duration with the same rising and falling edges. In this case, the average amplitude of these pulses had a linear dependence on the duration of the optical pulse. The results can be used in design of photodetector devices for monitoring the level of ionization radiation for nuclear power plants, for quantum information systems and in optical communications for transmitting information with monitoring the presence of information leakage channels.