Use Of Laptops Research Articles

Electromagnetic fields exposure and neuropsychological effects in young people

Abstract Background In recent years, there has been a large increase in the use of communication/connected devices and technologies. This raises a question about radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) exposure levels and neuropsychological effects of RF-EMF in young people. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of use of communication/connected devices and technologies and its impact on cognition and mental health of early school age children in Poland. Methods The study population consists of 293 children from Polish Mother and Child Cohort (REPRO_PL). The study was based on questionnaire data covering type and duration of usage of communication/connected devices and technologies by mothers during pregnancy and children at age of 7 years. The environmental exposure to RF-EMF was also taken into account. Based on such data RF-EMF exposure was assessed. Child emotional and behavioral assessment was done by Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire whereas IQ and psychomotor development of children was performed by psychologist using Intelligence and Development Scales. Results About 75% of young people used smartphones (2% for voice calls and 7% for Internet browsing at least one hour per day). Tablet or laptop use was declared by 59% and 56% of respondents, respectively. More than 10% declared that they use these devices at least one hour a day. The main factors determining the use of new technology devices were parental age and education (p < 0.05) and the age at which youth started school education (p = 0.06). In multivariable regression model higher level of RF-EMF was associated with total difficulties and emotional problems (p < 0.05). Conclusions This study presents the pattern of use of new technology devices by early school age children in Poland and the association between the exposure to RF-EMF and child mental health. Key messages • The use of communication/connected devices and technologies is common among young people in Poland. • The exposure to RF-EMF can increase mental health problems among young people.

Students Satisfaction with Online Learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: A first-round analysis of Diploma Program in Library and Information Science

The Sri Lanka Library Association (SLLA) has transitioned from conventional teaching-learning to online education. However, no further research has been conducted to assess the successfulness of this online learning from the students’ perspective. Addressing this issue, the objectives of the study were to measure the satisfaction, successfulness and challenges faced by diploma students with online learning at SLLA during the pandemic. The survey was conducted using Google Forms and WhatsApp, with approximately 225 students approached and 194 (88.5%) responding. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, and statistical tests were applied using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Rosenthal r value. Results regarding students’ successfulness indicated that more than 70% agreed with online education during the lockdown. Additionally, students expressed that the online mode was more secure for their health 152(73%) and for transportation 129(66.49%) compared to face-to-face classes and distance mode classes. Concerning satisfaction, 97(50%) students were either highly satisfied or satisfied with online teaching, Regarding the devices used, majority of students (78.9%) used smartphones; whereas the use of laptops, desktops, and tablets was less commonly used (17.5%).Challenges identified were recorded as, clearly hearing the lectures 88(45.4%), expensive equipment requirements 85(43.8%), poor internet connection and difficulty in logging on in a timely manner 84(43.3%) each, and a feeling of isolation while attending class 82(42.3%). Overall, the majority of students were satisfied with online learning and they are moving towards the health security, transportation convenience, and ability to attend classes from home, despite the challenges faced. It is recommended to enhance student interaction and improve the practical effectiveness of the online course. Additionally, action should be taken to address the challenges faced by the students, redesign the online course to improve practical effectiveness, and implement best practices in online education.

Graphite–Phosphate Composites: Structure and Voltammetric Investigations

The utilization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is increasing sharply with the increasing use of mobile phones, laptops, tablets, and electric vehicles worldwide. Technologies are required for the recycling and recovery of spent LIBs. In the context of the circular economy, it is urgent to search for new methods to recycle waste graphite that comes from the retired electrode of LIBs. The conversion of waste graphite into other products, such as new electrodes, in the field of energy devices is attractive because it reduces resource waste and processing costs, as well as preventing environmental pollution. In this paper, new electrode materials were prepared using waste anode graphite originating from a spent mobile phone battery with an xBT·0.1C12H22O11·(0.9-x)(NH4)2HPO4 composition, where x = 0–50 weight% BT from the anodic active mass of the spent phone battery (labeled as BT), using the melt quenching method. Analysis of the diffractograms shows the graphite crystalline phase with a hexagonal structure in all prepared samples. The particle sizes decrease by adding a higher BT amount in the composites. The average band gap is 1.32 eV (±0.3 eV). A higher disorder degree in the host network is the main factor responsible for lower band gap values. The prepared composites were tested as electrodes in an LIB or a fuel cell, achieving an excellent electrochemical performance. The voltammetric studies indicate that doping with 50% BT is the most suitable for applications as electrodes in LIBs and fuel cells.

Botulinum toxin-A in acute acquired comitant esotropia during COVID pandemic in children and young adolescents

Abstract Purpose: To study the effectiveness of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) in the treatment of patients with acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) due to excessive use of mobile and laptops in the COVID era in the pediatric population and adolescents. Methods: This was a retrospective, interventional study of pediatric patients and young adults who presented with AACE and received unilateral or bilateral BTX-A. All the patients complained of binocular diplopia and sudden onset of esotropia with a history of mobile or laptop usage during the COVID era (2020–2023). Twenty-seven patients with acute-onset esotropia in 3 years (2020–2023) were included. All patients were administered 2.5–7.5 units of BTX-A (Botox, Allergan, India) into the unilateral or bilateral medial rectus muscle of the deviating eye under short general anesthesia or local anesthesia. The main outcome measures were pre- and post-injection angle of deviation, pre- and post-injection stereopsis, final level of stereopsis achieved, recurrence, and whether strabismus surgery was later required. Results: The mean age of patients was 12.85 ± 7.15 years (range: 4–25 years). The mean dosage of Botox was 6 U (2.5–7.5 U). The mean follow-up was 6 months (6 months–2 years). The mean preoperative angle of deviation (AOD) was 41.11 ± 10.9 prism diopters (PD) for distance and 41.67 ± 10.9 PD for near. The maximum effect of BTX-A was seen at 1 month; post-injection AOD was 13.65 ± 14.7 PD for distance and 14.87 ± 15.8 PD for near (P < 0.001). Over half of the patients achieved optimal outcomes, with improvements in stereopsis and sensory fusion. Early intervention (within 3 months of symptom onset) significantly correlated with treatment success. Conclusion: While BTX-A therapy for acute-onset esotropia demonstrates efficacy, patient-specific considerations are essential. This study highlights the evolving nature in the digital age and early administration of BTX-A along with close follow-up to monitor residual and recurrence of esotropia. The surgical intervention can increase the final success rate.

Prevalence, incidence and associated factors of musculoskeletal disorders before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in faculty members: a comparative cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to the broad acceptance of distance education (DE), with university professors and students conducting the teaching–learning process remotely from their homes. The propose of this study to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify risk factors associated with DE that may contribute to an increased incidence of these disorders among university professors.MethodsThis cross-sectional analytical study took a comparative approach and involved 310 university professors in Iran. Data were gathered using an online questionnaire. Initially, demographic and occupational information of the professors, hours of physical activity, and hours spent using electronic devices were recorded. Participants were then asked to report MSDs in various body areas throughout the previous year and the previous seven days. Finally, MSDs risk factors such as workstation ergonomics during computer, laptop, smartphone, and tablet use, as well as working postures during online teaching or offline content development during the COVID-19 pandemic, were examined.ResultsThe majority of the participants were male (66.13%), with a PhD (46.77%) and a faculty member position (74.2%). On average, the use of computers and laptops increased by 2.67 h and 2.72 h, respectively, during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic. This increase was statistically significant (P < 0.001). MSDs incidence increased significantly before and during the COVID pandemic was observed in the areas of the neck, shoulders, lower and upper back, arms, forearms, wrists and fingers (P < 0.05). The highest cumulative incidence (Cin) of MSDs was related to the neck (Cin = 24.20%), upper back (Cin = 21.29%), low back (Cin = 18.06%) and fingers (Cin = 16.13%). The prevalence of MSDs during the COVID pandemic was significantly associated with employment status (P = 0.042), work experience (P = 0.016), age (P = 0.027), increase in the use of computers/ laptops (P < 0.001), decrease of the smartphone/tablet distance from the body (P = 0.047), workstation (smartphone-tablet, computer, laptop) (P < 0.05), head position (smartphone-tablet) (P = 0.029), display height (computer/laptop) (P = 0.045) and physical activity (P = 0.006).ConclusionsIt appears that the increased duration of smartphone, computer, and laptop use, combined with decreased physical activity and detrimental changes in ergonomic conditions of workstations during the quarantine period caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, has resulted in a shift from dynamic to static tasks and an increase in the prevalence and incidence of MSDs among university professors.

Efektifitas Eye Exercise terhadap Penurunan Tingkat Asthenopia pada Pegawai Inspektorat Daerah Provinsi NTT

The use of computers or laptops by formal workers in offices is very high in the current era of digitization, it can cause eye fatigue or asthenopia if done for a long time without resting the eyes. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of eye exercise in reducing the level of asthenopia or eye fatigue in employees of the Regional Inspectorate of NTT Province. This research is aquasi-experimental research using Two Group Pretest Post-Test. The population in this study was 89 people with a research sample of 18 people in the eye exercise intervention group and 18 people in the 20-20-20 method intervention group taken using the random allocation method. Data analysis used univariate analysis and the Independent Sample t-Test (Mann Withney). The results of the study showed that the level of eye strain in both intervention groups decreased after doing eye exercises and the 20-20-20 method. There was a difference in the mean value of eye fatigue between the two intervention groups of 3.89 with a significance of 0.03. The conclusion of this research is that the 20-20-20 method is effective in reducing the level of eye fatigue in employees of the Regional Inspectorate of NTT Province.

The smart TV in low-income migrant households: Enabling digital inclusion through social and cultural media participation

This paper reports on an ethnographic study that examined smart TV use in low-income migrant households in Australia. We find that the smart TV is used by migrant families for diverse forms of social and cultural participation. In addition, we find that YouTube – which is often accessed using the smart TV – is reshaping family media practices. We argue that while digital inclusion scholarship has focussed on access to and use of mobile phones, laptops and computers, the smart TV, perhaps more than any other device in the home, enables digital inclusion through intergenerational media engagement. This paper presents insights for policymakers and offers a new area for investigation for digital inclusion and media scholars.

Learning mathematics with personal mobile devices in school: a multigroup invariance analysis of acceptance among students and teachers

Students’ use of personal mobile devices (PMDs), including smartphones, tablets, and laptops, in mathematics classrooms globally has become feasible due to the implementation of the bring your own device (BYOD) initiatives and policies in schools. Students’ academic use of PMDs in mathematics learning has been associated with increased motivation, enjoyment, and enhanced performance. While debates continue worldwide on the bans of PMDs in schools, it is noteworthy that students in Namibian basic education are not permitted to use PMDs in schools. This study employed a comparative nonexperimental quantitative research design to assess the perceived usefulness (PU) and behavioural intention (BI) to use PMDs in mathematics classrooms among 500 Namibian students and 209 teachers. The study employed a volunteer purposeful sampling method to select participating students and teachers from government schools in the Omusati and Khomas regions. Student selection was based on self-selection from full-class mathematics groups. Similarly, the study utilised volunteer purposeful sampling to recruit grades 4–12 mathematics teachers. Utilising structural equation modelling, the findings revealed that students expressed more positive ratings for PMD usefulness and intention than did teachers. Furthermore, PU significantly predicted students’ BI to learn mathematics with PMDs in school. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis supported configural, metric, and scalar invariance in PU and BI factor structures across both participant groups. However, when students’ latent means of PU and BI are set to 0, the teachers’ latent mean parameter estimates are negative, suggesting potential disparities. Teachers should recognise and leverage students’ positive perceptions of PMDs to enhance motivation and engagement in mathematics learning. Simultaneously, ensuring consistent assessment across participant groups is essential, while addressing teachers’ PMDs reservations through professional development and support remains crucial.

Peranan Guru PAI dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Peserta Didik pada Era 5.0 di SMA Negeri 2 Jombang

The role of an Islamic religious teacher can provide an understanding of religion, which is important for students to know Islamic religious knowledge, and teachers also play an important role in improving students' learning achievements, which is carried out formally and informally by the school. This research aims to determine the role of PAI teachers in improving the academic and non-academic results of students in the 5.0 era at SMA Negeri 2 Jombang. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. Research data was obtained through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. The research results show that the role of PAI teachers in improving student learning outcomes in the 5.0 era at SMA Negeri 2 Jombang is as a facilitator of learning and success outside of school, motivator, role model, class management, and evaluator. The strategies used by PAI teachers to improve student learning achievement in the 5.0 era at SMA Negeri 2 Jombang include using digital-based learning models, such as the use of interactive multimedia, learning videos, and e-learning platforms. And also use collaborative learning, such as group discussions and project-based learning. Furthermore, there is also learning that encourages creativity and innovation, such as design thinking and problem-based learning. And with technology in the learning process, such as the use of laptops, projectors and digital learning applications. As well as utilizing social media and online platforms to deliver material and interact with other students outside of class.

Peningkatan Literasi Digital untuk Aktualisasi Diri Santriwati di Pondok Pesantren

The rapid development of digital technology has influenced educational patterns and styles in Islamic boarding schools. To increase learning efficiency and wider access to information, the digital world also provides new means for obtaining and communicating religious ideas and opinions. However, concerns arise regarding the potential negative impact of digital media which could erode Islamic boarding school culture and traditions such as the tradition of face-to-face learning (mumukaah), searching for references through Turast books/books (istimbat), and direct interaction between teachers (ustadz) and students. The use of cellphones, laptops and smart TVs as learning media presents its own challenges. Responding to this situation, the aim of the service is to collaborate to provide actualization of digital literacy for female students, the asatidaz board and supervisors at the Hikmatusysyarief Salut Narmada Islamic Boarding School. This activity is a manifestation of the university's active role in supporting digital literacy among Islamic boarding schools to prepare Indonesia's golden generation in 2045. The implementation method uses a visual integrative thinking method approach, which combines various methods such as visualization of integrative ideas, informative lectures, open discussions, and reflection. in-depth and problem-solving based on students' real experiences during the learning process in Islamic boarding schools. In conclusion, digital literacy for female students' self-actualization is very important. This can increase the self-confidence of female students to respond to the challenges of this modern era and avoid negative digital behavior.

Penggunaan Website Construct Dalam Mengenalkan Dan Cara Membaca Huruf Hijaiyah Di TPA Darul Farhan Palangka Raya

This article discusses the potential use of websites as a tool for learning Hijaiyah letters, the basis of Arabic writing and the Quran. The purpose of this service is to see explore the role and possibility of utilizing websites in facilitating the learning of Hijaiyah letters. The service was carried out at Darul Farhan TPA using the socialization method and learning approach Using an educative website construct TPA children are introduced to Hijaiyah letters through an educational website that attracts their attention. The use of laptops and smartphones facilitates the identification of Hijaiyah letters, and the “Construct” program is used to measure children's understanding of the letters. The results of the service show that the use of the Construct website in the introduction and learning of Hijaiyah letters at Darul Farhan TPA makes it easy for children to understand Hijaiyah letters. This learning method also prevents children's boredom by combining learning with games.

The impact of augmented reality glasses on human visual efficiency and digital eye fatigue

Objective: To investigate the differences in reading efficiency and visual fatigue between the use of augmented reality (AR) glasses and laptops. Methods: A prospective self-controlled study was conducted. Healthy students from Capital Medical University who frequently engaged in long-term near work and used laptops and other digital display devices were recruited as subjects at Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University between November 1 and November 15, 2023. LogMAR visual acuity, visual functions (accommodation, convergence, and fusion), and visual fatigue scores (Likert visual fatigue scale) of the participants were assessed. The order of using the laptop and AR glasses for each participant was determined by a coin toss. Reading efficiency (reading speed and error rate multiplied by the detection rate of incorrect numbers) with different devices for 10 minutes at the same time on different dates and visual fatigue scores after watching a 20-minute video were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: A total of 20 eligible subjects were included, comprising 7 males and 13 females, with a mean age of (25.45±2.27) years. There was no significant change in binocular visual acuity before and after using AR glasses and laptops (both P>0.05). The reading speed and reading efficiency of using AR glasses [(34.03±9.25) and (29.19±7.62) digits/min, respectively] were significantly lower than those of using laptops [(39.43±10.36) and (35.67±9.87) digits/min, respectively] (t=4.36, P<0.001), while the difference in error detection rate was not statistically significant (t=1.29, P=0.213). There was no statistically significant difference in visual fatigue scores before watching videos with the two devices (Z=-0.71, P=0.480). However, the visual fatigue score after watching videos with AR glasses [(20.55±5.04) points] was significantly higher than that with laptops [16.50 (13.00, 19.75) points] (Z=-2.85, P=0.004). The visual fatigue scores after watching videos with both devices were significantly higher than before (P<0.05), with a more significant increase observed with AR glasses [(6.05±3.50) points] (Z=-3.41, P<0.001). Conclusion: Compared with using laptops, the reading speed and efficiency were lower, and the visual fatigue was more pronounced with the use of AR glasses at the current technical level. Further optimization and improvement of AR glasses are warranted.

The Role of Islamic Religious Education Teachers Through ICT-Based Learning Media Design in Improving Student Learning Outcomes at Smpn 4 Pinrang

This study discusses the Role of Islamic Education Teachers through the design of ICT-Based Learning Media. This study aims to determine the use of ICT-based learning media in SMP Negeri 4 Pinrang. This study used a type of descriptive qualitative research. With a case study approach, data sources are primary data (teachers, principals, vice principals) and secondary data (documents directly to the field or carried out in the field through observation, interviews, and documentation studies, in order to obtain clear and representative data. The results of this study show, (1) Islamic Religious Education learning tools used by Islamic Religious Education Teachers at SMP Negeri 4 Pinrang are learning tools that have been integrated with the latest curriculum, namely the independent curriculum. The intended learning tool design includes learning design, which begins with learning preparation which includes syllabus, preparation of lesson plans, and also the selection of methods and strategies. The learning design consists of three parts including preliminary activities, core activities after that closing and continued assessment for students. (2) The use of Information Communication and Technology (ICT)-based learning media used at SMP Negeri 4 Pinrang includes the use of hardware and software. The intended use of hardware is the use of laptops / computers, smartphones, active speakers / sound and LCD / projectors, while the use of software is powerpoint, internet, web, video editing applications, and youtube. (3) Learning Outcomes Students using ICT learning media based on the results of formative and summative assessments / assessments carried out by teachers to students show effectiveness in learning that produces or shows to improve student learning outcomes.

Inovasi Mahasiswa Kampus Mengajar Dalam Meningkatkan Efektivitas Pembelajaran SDN Cihaur

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the education sector, forcing a change from conventional learning to online learning. This situation is a special challenge for elementary school teachers who are used to face-to-face learning. This article discusses the Class 1 Teaching Campus Program as the Indonesian government's response to improving the quality of education in the midst of the pandemic. This program involves students in providing teaching assistance in elementary schools in various regions. The main focus is to develop students' interpersonal and technical skills and make a positive contribution to the learning process in elementary schools. The program implementation method involves preparation, implementation, observation, and design. In the teaching stage, students succeeded in increasing students' motivation and interest in learning, while teachers and schools found it easy to implement online and offline learning. This program has also succeeded in adapting technology to support learning, including the use of laptops and MS Excel applications. The evaluation results show a positive impact on students' abilities and ease of learning management for teachers. The Batch 1 Teaching Campus Program at Cihaur State Elementary School, Sukabumi Regency, West Java, can be considered successful in increasing the effectiveness of learning during the pandemic emergency. Increasing student interest in learning and adapting technology are important points in dealing with sudden changes in the learning system. This program creates positive integration of values ​​in the social and educational system in Cihaur Village. Therefore, it is important to implement this kind of collaborative activity widely to support improving the quality of education in the future.

Pelatiahan Pelaporan SPT Tahunan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Melalui E-Filing

The purpose of this community service is to provide direct training to residents/communities in Pangururan, Siallagan Village, and Ulos Village of Samosir Regency on filling out the 1770SS tax return through e-filing. This training was held at the Samosir Regency DEKRANASDA Hall on Saturday, 04 March 2023, starting at 09.00 until completion and was attended by 32 participants. This activity began with an opening prayer, opening activities by the Dinas Koperasi &amp; UMKM Kabupaten Samosir, remarks from the head of the Faculty of Economics and Business, HKBP Nommensen University, presentation of material and practice with the Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) approach, discussion and closing. This training is very helpful for participants to report their taxes on time and avoid calculation errors. Technically, there were still obstacles during this training because the internet network was less supportive and participants did not master the use of laptops / smart phones as a medium in reporting taxes through e-filing. Nevertheless, over all the participants were very enthusiastic in responding to the explanation from the resource person and based on the explanation gradually the participants were able to report their taxes through e-filing.

Visual comfort and energy savings in classrooms using surveillance camera derived HDR images for lighting and daylighting control system

Classroom lighting significantly influences students’ performance and productivity, as well as building energy consumption. Numerous studies highlight prevalent suboptimal lighting in education, with almost half of students expressing discomfort, emphasizing the need to enhance lighting environments. To address the issues mentioned and accommodate diverse learning activities with varying lighting needs and equipment, this paper introduces an innovative HDRi Surveillance Lighting Control System (HSLDCS). An experimental study investigates the implementation of the HSLDCS in ten classrooms with various learning activities. High Dynamic Range image (HDRi) photography is employed to assess lighting quality using the HDRi spatial luminance distribution, DGP and UGR, while a questionnaire survey is conducted to evaluate student well-being. Despite limitations regarding the adjustment time for window blinds and lamps, the results demonstrate that the adoption of appropriate HSLDCS can yield energy savings ranging from approximately 43%–63%, while still ensuring visual comfort for the majority of students. Over 70% of the students expressed satisfaction, even when classroom brightness was reduced by 30%. Considering the widespread use of laptops or tablets by students during class, reducing brightness levels is as a viable strategy for conserving energy and preventing visual fatigue. The implementation of the HSLDCS is a promising solution for alleviating suboptimal lighting conditions, enhancing energy efficiency, and promoting user well-being. This study also creates new opportunities for further exploration in the field of lighting technology and emphasizes the importance of prioritizing perceived brightness over illuminance.

Limitation the use of Laptops when Online Learning Reduce the Eye Fatique of Private Junior High School Students in Denpasar

The emergence of eye fatique in junior high school students during the online learning process is caused by the length of time the eyes stare at the laptop for a long time. In addition, the presence of more sophisticated learning media, the position of the laptop is very important and has a main function in supporting the online learning process. From a preliminary study conducted on 10 students from a private junior high school in Denpasar, it was found that 50% of students experienced complaints of dizziness, 50% glare and 20% sore eyes. With the above background, a study with the same subject design was conducted involving 25 students with an age range of 13-14 years. The study was conducted for 3 consecutive days, namely on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday by measuring eye fatigue using an eye fatigue questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the t-paired test at a significance level of p = 0.005. After using the laptop was limited according to the radiation exposure time from the appropriate laptop, the eye sight distance to the monitor screen was set 50-100 cm and interspersed with pauses or rest periods then the average eye fatigue in students before the improvement of 22.54 can be reduced to 5.25 or about 71%. Conclusion: From the research, it was concluded that limiting the duration of using laptops during online learning can reduce students' eye fatigue

Unveiling Neurocognitive Disparities in Encoding and Retrieval between Paper and Digital Tablet-Based Learning.

The widespread use of mobile devices and laptops has replaced traditional paper-based learning and the question of how the brain efficiency of digital tablet-based learning differs from that of paper-based learning remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in brain efficiency for learning between paper-based and digital tablet-based learning by measuring activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Thirty-two subjects were randomly assigned to the paper-based learning or the digital tablet-based learning group. Subjects in each group performed a memory task that required memorizing a three-minute novel (encoding phase) on a paper or digital tablet, followed by a test in which they answered four multiple-choice questions based on the novel's content. To compare both groups, behavioral performance on the test (retrieval phase) and activity in the PFC were measured. As a result, no significant difference in behavioral performance between both groups was observed (p > 0.05). However, the paper-based learning group showed significantly lower activity in the PFC in the encoding phase than the digital tablet-based learning group (p < 0.05) but not in the retrieval phase. The current study demonstrated that brain efficiency in encoding is higher in subjects with paper-based learning than those with digital tablet-based learning. This finding has important implications for education, particularly in terms of the pros and cons of electronic document-based learning.

The impact of excessive use of smart portable devices on neck pain and associated musculoskeletal symptoms. Prospective questionnaire-based study and review of literature

BackgroundThe rapid advancement of the digital revolution, normalization of portable smart gadgets, and internet-based communication have resulted in a perceptible shift and enhancement in human spine posture. They have also resulted however, in the emergence of health issues connected to the technique of usage. Neck pain, as well as other related symptoms, are the most commonly reported, as evidenced by the Coronavirus pandemic. People were urged to work from home when educational institutions and businesses were shut down. Students were given access to online learning facilities. AimThe aim of this study is to demonstrate and clarify the increase in the number of young patients who suffer from neck pain and its associated symptoms; especially during the COVID 19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of the excessive use of smart portable devices on neck pain and associated symptoms. This is most likely related to the incorrect posture of the neck, spine and body during utilization of these technologies. In addition, it aims to educate people about possible methods to prevent these medical morbidities. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at Mediclinic City Hospital, Dubai Healthcare City, United Arab Emirates. Fifty-six patients were seen and evaluated as outpatients in the Neurosurgery clinic for neck pain. The Numerical Rating Pain Scale questionnaire (NMQ) was utilized to evaluate neck pain and other associated complaints such as back and musculoskeletal pain in general. The data was collected using a questionnaire with a 100% response rate from the patients. Cross tabulation and Chi Square analysis tool were designed to meet the study’s objective. ResultsThe findings show that smart phone and laptop use have significant effects on pain severity ranking among patients. For the factors “Time spent using smart phone/day” and Time spent using Laptop/day” were found to have a P value of 0.041 and 0.023; respectively. ConclusionThis research found a link between length of time spent using a mobile phone or laptop and the degree of neck discomfort.

Цифровая грамотность пациентов наркологического профиля: факторы, влияющие на использование компьютеров и ноутбуков

Background. Studying the user experience of eventual target groups for digital services is important both for assessing the feasibility of using information and communication technologies in the case and for involving patients in the activities of therapeutic groups and communities in social media. Study aim. To study the influence of socio-demographic characteristics of patients undergoing inpatient treatment in a drug treatment facility on their use of personal computers/laptops. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional study using a specially designed questionnaire of a non-deterministic sample of addiction patients (n = 1168) hospitalized at the Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Addictions. Statistical analysis was conducted in IBM SPSS 25.0. Study results. Statistically significant differences were noted in the use of personal computers and laptops depending on the age, level of education and economic activity of respondents. Conclusions. Predictors of active use of computers and laptops by patients are: young age; employment; higher education. The results of the study can be used to target addiction clinic patients according to socio-demographic parameters in order to implement telemedicine approaches in the process of their outpatient support.