Language Programming Research Articles

Easy and Straightforward FPGA Implementation of Model Predictive Control Using HDL Coder

Model Predictive Control (MPC) is widely adopted for power electronics converters due to its ability to optimize system performance under dynamic constraints. However, its FPGA implementation remains challenging due to the complexity of Hardware Description Language (HDL) programming. This paper addresses this challenge by introducing a straightforward methodology that simplifies FPGA implementation using MATLAB Simulink HDL Coder. It is shown that HDL Coder yields favorable synthesis outcomes, both in terms of area and time, compared to hand-coded HDL. Notably, the proposed method achieves a significantly reduced sampling step for the MPC algorithm—down to 32 ns—marking a substantial improvement over state-of-the-art implementations. The Integrated Logic Analyzer (ILA) IP available in the Vivado tool is used during the HIL testing phase to facilitate the real-time observation and analysis required for debugging and confirming the FPGA-implemented controller performance. Additionally, this paper discusses the advantages of utilizing HDL Coder for simplifying the FPGA programming process in power electronics applications and addresses the design challenges encountered using this methodology.

Velocity Analysis of a Slider Crank Mechanism for Delta Robot Arm Manipulation: A Computational Approach

In this research, a velocity analysis of the slider crank mechanism's (SCM) for the delta robot arm manipulation was carried out. For the slider crank mechanism, new velocity response models were created. Trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions are used in the novel Akozietic mathematical method, which is appropriate for kinematic analysis of intricate mechanisms like the four-bar mechanism (slider crank). The equilibrium conditions of the forces in a four-bar mechanism are used in the Akozietic mathematical technique to create simple mathematical models that enable user-written computer programs in Matlab and other programming languages. According to the velocity profile, the mechanism is under the most stress when the crank angle exceeds 300°, and the velocity is lowest at 180° and 0°.The crank angles where the slider shifts direction are the locations where the velocity passes zero. The novel mathematical procedure created in this study outperformed the other two kinematic analysis methods that were currently in use, according to a comparison of spreadsheets and this new mathematical method for mechanism analysis (Akozietic) with standard numerical solutions completed in Mathematica.

EXPLORANDO O LETRAMENTO RACIAL CRÍTICO NO ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: EXPERIÊNCIAS DE UM ESTÁGIO DOCENTE

ABSTRACT This article is about the teaching internship experience conducted during the master’s program in Languages, in which the course “English Language I” was taught to incoming students of the undergraduate course in Languages (Portuguese/ English), at the Federal University of Sergipe. Alongside covering topics outlined in the course syllabus, focusing on the teaching of English, discussions were held on critical race theory and its place in the educational context, through classroom activities based on critical racial literacy and intersectionality (LADSON BILLINGS, 1998; CRENSHAW, 2004; FERREIRA, 2023). So, we examined our practices as educators and the reflections arising from this experience, which broadened our understanding of ethnic-racial issues, their connections with English language education, and the impacts on contemporary social practices, including exchanges of experiences with the students. Thus, this article aims to share reflections arising from the aforementioned experience. It is a qualitative and interpretive study (MOITA LOPES, 1994; SALDAÑA, 2009), focused on the analysis and interpretation of the meanings constructed during the teaching internship, involving reflections from the researchers’ field diary and records of classroom activities (PARDO, 2019; PAIVA, 2019). The analysis follows the strand of Southern studies (SILVA JR; MATOS, 2019; PENNYCOOK; MAKONI, 2020), which advocate for the inclusion of voices from socially marginalized groups. The results of the experience indicate the relevance of building bridges between academic knowledge production and the social practices of marginalized groups in English language education.

Training Museum Translators through Linguistics Theory, Practical Experience and Civic Engagement: A Case-study

This paper, which lies at the intersection of Translation Studies, translator education and linguistics, aims to illustrate a didactic project on interlingual museum translation conducted by the author at the University of … , Italy, in the past three years. The project-based methodology draws its data from a qualitative case-study reporting on the so-called “Museum Project”, carried out with postgraduate students in a Translation Studies course within the international second cycle degree program in Language, Society and Communication of the Department of Modern languages, Literatures and Cultures. It has involved three cohorts of students, who were engaged in producing target texts (translated from Italian into English), for the Civic Archaeological Museum in … , and thus were embedded in a ‘Situated learning’ context. After an illustration of the linguistics framework underlying the project – i.e., Systemic Functional Linguistics (Halliday 1994) as applied to museum texts by Ravelli (1996, 2006) – the paper focuses on the background, context and methodology, describing setting and participants, materials and resources, and delving into the details of design and procedure underpinned by a student-centred perspective. Preliminary findings of the still ingoing project are provided, with a goal to show the potentials of such a project-based method in translator education. It is argued that task-based activities for the real world, while enhancing students’ motivation and engagement, raise self-awareness of their learning process, thanks to the acquisition of a broad range of skills and competences. The study hopes to stimulate similar projects in different museum contexts, with other language combinations, other students and new researchers.

The expansive language access framework: an integrated approach to addressing oppression in language education

AbstractWhile language education programs were created with an equity stance in mind—with the goals of increasing access and facilitating academic success for ethnically and linguistically marginalized students—the larger educational context has compromised access for multiply marginalized students. Recognizing a need for more complex understandings of language access, scholars have turned to intersectionality; however, intersectional theory is often applied to individual encounters rather than systemic issues. In this conceptual paper, we showcase how this unitary and unidimensional approach manifests in policies, programs, and conceptualizations of languages and language practices that perpetuate the systematic marginalization of multilingual learners with disabilities (MLwDs). We illustrate how policy and programming have centered language while omitting critical perspectives of race and disability. By focusing on MLwDs, we demonstrate how MLs who are racialized and pathologized through language have been systematically ignored in ways that sustain systems of oppression. The expansive language access framework provides a structure for understanding what it would mean to attend to race, language, and dis/ability at the policy, program, and practice levels, and can thus serve as a tool for stakeholders (e.g., scholars, policymakers, educators) to critically examine, evaluate, and rethink their role in perpetuating and disrupting institutional oppressions that multiply marginalized students encounter. Ultimately, we hope the framework empowers stakeholders to identify opportunities for growth and expansion to increase access to more holistically responsive language programming.

Hydraulic Modeling of Water Distribution Networks: Hardy-Cross Method Implemented in Python

Distribution network is a part of the water supply system that, formed by pipes and accessory parts, aims to provide potable water to consumers continuously with recommended quantity and pressure (TSUTIYA, 2006). However, due to the exponentially growing demand for potable water, the design of network layouts has become increasingly complex nowadays. In this regard, due to regional parameters such as topography and supply size, the use of meshed networks is feasible, in other words, networks that can supply a point through different paths due to their ring or block shape. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the performance of a meshed distribution network of a fictitious layout developed by undergraduate Civil Engineering students at the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) through system modeling in a Python program using the Hardy-Cross method. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the computational program was validated by comparing its results with those provided by the EPANET software. The methodology was based on the bibliographic review of issues related to solving meshed networks using the Hardy-Cross method, where a fictitious problem was modeled with parameters specified in NBR 12218/2017. Thus, this method was implemented in a computational program in Python language, and from this, the results related to the established layout were obtained. Additionally, the same layout was built in the EPANET software, and its results were used to validate the computational program. Therefore, it was possible to conclude that the computational program presented satisfactory results when compared to the EPANET software data, obtained due to recent performance advances in the Python language, which adds greater ease of use, result accuracy, modeling problem speed, and expands the possibilities of evaluating network performance. Finally, it was found that both modeling approaches are in accordance with the reference values established by TSUTIYA (2006) and recommended by NBR 12218/2017.

Crack evolution mechanism of stratified rock mass under different strength ratios and soft layer thickness: Insights from DEM modeling

Research on stratified rock masses, which are common geological formations, has primarily focused on their mechanical properties, while studies on crack evolution and microscopic damage mechanisms remain limited. This study addresses this gap by investigating the combined effects of strength ratios and soft layer thicknesses on the microcrack evolution mechanism of stratified rocks using the discrete element method (DEM). Through FISH language programming in the particle flow code (PFC), this study reveals the acoustic emission (AE) characteristics, crack initiation and propagation, damage degree, and final failure characteristics. The key findings are: (1) Higher strength ratios between the hard and soft components of stratified rocks make specimens more sensitive to increases in soft layer thickness. (2) Three types of AE events were identified: continuous active, intermittent active, and silent. (3) Cracks initiate at the interface between components and propagate along the interface into the rock matrix. The strength ratios determine the crack propagation path and the damage extent of the components. (4) The failure of stratified rocks is primarily controlled by the soft component. Crack connections typically form vertical and sub-vertical tensile failure planes in the hard component, and a shear failure surface with a “V”-shaped intersection in the soft component.

Optimizing agricultural transportation: advancing the 'transportation problem' towards intelligent solutions

Ensuring food security has always been one of the main priorities of human society. This problem is more pronounced today. Studies show that most food products are spoiled during transportation. This once again clearly demonstrates how urgent the issue of optimizing the transportation of food products is. A number of studies, articles and important results are found in the scientific literature aimed at solving the problem of optimizing transportation. The object of research in the presented article is the transportation of food products. The article proposes a solution to the problem of eliminating the imbalance between the production and demand of agricultural products. The issue is solved by bringing it to the “Transportation issue”. First of all, the amount of products produced by the farmers and the demand for products by region are determined. In the second stage, a cost table is compiled to determine the transportation costs between production points and demand points. After that, the first possible transportation plan is compiled using the North-West corner method. The optimality of the plan is checked. If the plan is not optimal, the next possible plan is compiled. The number of possible plans is found and it is explained that this problem is impossible to solve manually. For this purpose, a list of programs in the Python algorithmic language is presented to find the optimal placement plan more quickly. The presented method is useful in solving the transportation problem, but can also be applied in other areas of agriculture. Thus, the presented method can be applied to eliminate the possible imbalance between the mineral and fertilizer needs of soil and plants for productivity management.

A Probe Into the Mixed Teaching Reform of Python Language Programming

This paper first analyzes the significance of applying mixed teaching to the “Python Language Programming” course, briefly describes the current state of teaching in “Python Language Programming,” and discusses strategies for reforming mixed teaching approaches. The goal is to provide a reference for the innovative development of teaching the “Python Language Programming” course.

GPU Coroutines for Flexible Splitting and Scheduling of Rendering Tasks

We introduce coroutines into GPU kernel programming, providing an automated solution for flexible splitting and scheduling of rendering tasks. This approach addresses a prevalent challenge in harnessing the power of modern GPUs for complex, imbalanced graphics workloads like path tracing. Usually, to accommodate the SIMT execution model and latency-hiding architecture, developers have to decompose a monolithic mega-kernel into smaller sub-tasks for improved thread coherence and reduced register pressure. However, involving the handling of intricate nested control flows and numerous interdependent program states, this process can be exceedingly tedious and error-prone when performed manually. Coroutines, a building block for asynchronous programming in many high-level CPU languages, exhibit untapped potential for restructuring GPU kernels due to their versatility in control representation. By extending Luisa [Zheng et al. 2022], we implement an asymmetric, stackless coroutine model with programming language support and multiple built-in schedulers for modern GPUs. To showcase the effectiveness of our model and implementation, we examine them in different application scenarios, including path tracing, SDF rendering, and incorporation with custom passes.

Inclusive Early Childhood Teacher Education: A Paradigm for Envisioning and Enacting

This article describes the processes and timeline of developing our Inclusive Early Childhood Teacher Education Program (IECTE). In doing so, we describe collaborations that have a dynamic unfolding that took place over 10 years and united early childhood education (ECE), early intervention/early childhood special education (EI/ECSE), and bilingual/English as a second language (ESL) programming. Foundational to our collaborative work is the transformation that occurred within these individual areas of teacher education that eventually led us to the evolving paradigm of inclusivity in early childhood education. In our IECTE work we detail our paradigm of critical inclusivity that includes three tenets: (1) a dialogic approach, (2) curriculum revision, (3) student guidance, and (4) mentoring support. We conclude by offering implications for continuous growth through descriptions of radical collaboration and advocacy in inclusive early childhood settings, such as intervention agencies, Head Start programs, childcare centers, community programs, and public schools.

Neural networks for abstraction and reasoning

For half a century, artificial intelligence research has attempted to reproduce the human qualities of abstraction and reasoning - creating computer systems that can learn new concepts from a minimal set of examples, in settings where humans find this easy. While specific neural networks are able to solve an impressive range of problems, broad generalisation to situations outside their training data has proved elusive. In this work, we look at several novel approaches for solving the ion & Reasoning Corpus (ARC). This is a dataset of abstract visual reasoning tasks introduced to test algorithms on broad generalization. Despite three international competitions with $100,000 in prizes, the best algorithms still fail to solve a majority of ARC tasks. The best solvers today rely on complex hand-crafted rules, without using machine learning at all. We revisit whether recent advances in neural networks allow progress on this task, or whether an entirely different class of models are required. First, we adapt the DreamCoder neurosymbolic reasoning solver to ARC. DreamCoder automatically writes programs in a bespoke domain-specific language to perform reasoning, using a neural network to mimic human intuition. We present the Perceptual ion and Reasoning Language (PeARL) language, which allows DreamCoder to solve ARC tasks, and propose a new recognition model that allows us to significantly improve on the previous best implementation. We also propose a new encoding and augmentation scheme that allows large language models (LLMs) to solve ARC tasks, and find that the largest models can solve some ARC tasks. LLMs are able to solve a different group of problems to state-of-the-art solvers, and provide an interesting way to complement other approaches. We perform an ensemble analysis, combining systems to achieve better results than any system alone and analysing individual strengths. However, it is sobering to see that approaches based on neural networks still lag behind existing hand-crafted solvers, and we suggest avenues for future improvements. Our findings with the ensemble model may indicate that a diversity of methods might be necessary to solve problems in ARC. Humans likely employ diverse strategies to solve ARC. Studies involving human participants to identify the strategies they employ to solve ARC could provide valuable insights for future AI approaches. Finally, we publish the arckit Python library to make future research on ARC easier.

“Our Language is Chosen...” An evocation of historical events: Anno Domini 1989

The dialogue with Ion Hadârcă, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences, honorary member of the Romanian Academy, head of the Social, Economic, Humanistic Sciences, and Arts Department, poet, and participant and animator of the national emancipation events at the end of the 1980s in the MSSR, focuses on the phenomenon of the Romanian language in the space to the right of the Prut River. An eyewitness to the events, Ion Hadârcă reconstructs the main stages that led to the decision on August 31, 1989, regarding the state language and alphabet, as well as the Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova. Since then, 35 years have passed – a time of linguistic bifurcation, with schools, textbooks, high school and university programs in Romanian language and history, synchronization with Romanian spiritual values, and at the same time a hybrid war, with external media pressure, economic blockades, and blatant interference in the affairs of our fragile state sovereignty.

Instantaneous Tiltmeter Triggered by Dynamic Wetting Behavior.

A novel instantaneous tiltmeter with dynamic and static monitoring functions is reported that is based on liquid metal dynamic wetting behavior in a bio-fabricated anisotropic microchannel. The proposed system achieves instantaneous tiltmeter functionality, offering a broad detection range (-90°-90°) with high precision (0.05°), a rapid reaction time (0.11 s), and enhanced durability. Moreover, a seamless integration has enabled water wave detection, language programming, and human limb monitoring. Especially, the integration of tiltmeter and a 3D motion platform results in a surface structure scanning system capable of effectively performing large area (>200 cm2) and height difference scanning functions. This innovative approach holds great potential for transformative changes in the fields of advanced manufacturing, flexible robotics, and the flexible sensing, further facilitating widespread adoption.

Local and International Language Rivalry in Islamic Boarding Schools of Madura

For the second language programmers and learners, an Islamic boarding school is the most effective place to teach and practice the so called global or international languages and the local ones. The term international language, in this study, refers to English and Arabic language meanwhile Madurese language is related to the local or native language. This study is about to describe three phenomena, firstly, how Islamic boarding schools develop English and Arabic languages to the students, secondly how it maintains the existence of Madurese language, and finally how the rivalry both sides in the use of communication in Islamic boarding schools. It is qualitative in design by maximizing the Schutz phenomenology The locus of study is spread through the Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan, and Sumenep regios of Islamic boarding schools. The research results that is that the use of Madura by kiai, boarding managers, and students is very intense and massive. The intensity is due to the high commitment to maintenance for the conservation and preservation of Madura culture, one of which is the Madura language. Meanwhile the Arabic and English languages are taught and used more formal occasions.

CONTENTS OF TRAINING IN CONSTRUCTING CONTROLLED QUANTUM GATES

The article makes a selection and subsequent structuring of the content of training in the construction of controlled quantum gates using twelve decompositions of single-qubit quantum gates (Z-Y, Z-X, X-Y, Y-Z, X-Z, Y-X; Z-Y-X, Z-X-Y, X-Y-Z, X-Z-Y, Y-X-Z, Y-Z-X) used in the process of teaching the section “Quantum Computing and Programming in the QCL Language” of the training course “Applied Programming in High-Level Languages” to students of the Institute of Information Technology and Technological Education (3rd year, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia).

Ethical Considerations of Establishing Social Restrictions in the Prevention and Control of the Corona Epidemic from the Point of View of Medical Students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences

Background: Covid-19 (coronavirus), with its different dimensions, has created a serious international crisis in the world and has presented mankind with a new challenge. Among these, it can be claimed that the most difficult challenge in the Corona crisis is the moral challenge. Objectives: Considering the significance of ethical considerations and the crucial role students play in conveying these concepts to society, we decided to examine their perspectives. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive study, and the statistical population was medical students in the basic sciences of Kermanshah Medical School. The sample size was 205 people based on Cochran's formula (d = 0.05), and the sampling method was random sampling. To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was designed based on current issues and approved by several professors (25 questions with a 5-point Likert scale from "very much" to "very little"). The reliability coefficient (0.83 Cronbach's Alpha) was satisfactory for the questionnaire. After completion and collection, the data was entered into SPSS-21 software. Then, it was subjected to statistical analysis with descriptive statistics (prevalence, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (due to the non-normality of the data distribution, non-parametric tests were used to analyze and compare the answers). Results: The average age was 20.58 ± 2.41 years, 115 people (56.1%) were male, and 198 people (96.6%) were single. Natives accounted for 63.2%. The effective factors in interventions were, in order: Use of different media for information, appropriate, accurate, and timely information, appropriate and sufficient training, preparation and provision of conditions before the above interventions, presentation of decisions and programs in simple and practical language, and fair distribution of protective equipment. Conclusions: According to our results, it was found that the role of using different media for informing, training, preparing, and providing conditions before interventions is very important. Therefore, policymakers and health planners should have the necessary preparation in these matters to control future epidemics.

The Coordination between Arabic Studies Programs and Job Prospects for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students in Chennai City

In the rapidly evolving landscape of education, it's essential to adapt strategically to changing trends and job opportunities for graduates. The Master's Program in Arabic Language is taking proactive steps to ensure the curriculum remains relevant to the demands of the job market. This study aims to assess the alignment between the curriculum and job requirements for graduates and postgraduates, the time taken to secure employment, the skills utilized in Arabic teaching roles, and the adequacy of the curriculum in preparing graduates for the challenges of the professional world. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive approach, data was gathered from alumni and employers between 2018 and 2022 through questionnaires, interviews, and group discussions. Analysis of the data revealed that 69.9% of graduates found their work aligned with the curriculum, with 39.2% working as Arabic language teachers, 20.3% in Computer, Media and MNC Companies and 28.4% are working outside the education sector. The average time to secure employment was less than six months, with technology-based teaching skills being the most impactful. Recommendations include adapting the curriculum to embrace technology in Arabic teaching, enhancing research methodology, and encouraging publication of articles and books to meet the demands of the digital era and the labour market.

Implementation of Master’s degree programs in Artic indigenous languages in the higher education system (on the example of the Sámi language)

In this article, we discuss the specifics of implementing the Master’s degree program entitled “Technologies of teaching the Sámi language” launched at the Department of Philology, Intercultural Communication, and Journalism of the Murmansk Arctic University during the 2022–23 academic year. The lectures and practical sessions included in the program are briefly described. The methodological aspects of the discipline “Teaching the Sámi language (initial stage, school)” are presented in greater detail. The relevance of introducing a Master’s degree in this profile for reviving the Sámi language, which is on the verge of extinction, is shown. The factors leading to extinction of the indigenous language of the Kola North are outlined; measures for preserving and reviving the Sámi language are proposed.

Functional Programming for the Internet of Things: A Comparative Study of Implementation of a LoRa-MQTT Gateway Written in Elixir and C++

Networks for the Internet of Things typically use a gateway to provide connectivity between a low bit rate, low capability sensor network and the broader Internet. The gateway can be subject to very high traffic loads, many concurrent processes and needs to be highly reliable. Functional programming languages such as Erlang and Elixir have proven to be an effective programming paradigm for such scenarios, notably in large-scale telecommunications switches. In this paper, we report on our experience of developing a gateway between a LoRa network and an MQTT broker using the functional programming language Elixir and the more conventional language C++. To obtain an understanding of this approach to development, we first developed an initial prototype on a single-board computer using Elixir. We then developed the same system in C++ and ran experiments to compare the two systems’ performance. In order to understand the performance of such systems on low-end IoT devices, we then developed the same system on a low-cost ESP32 micro-controller in both C++ and Elixir. We were able to run the Elixir-based system on an ESP32 micro-controller but found that its performance was significantly poorer than the same system written in C++. We conclude that functional programming has great potential for the development of IoT systems, but work needs to be carried out to improve the supporting libraries and underlying virtual machines. We also note that learning to program in a functional programming language has quite a steep learning curve.