Political Language Research Articles

Exploring the intricacies of politeness and impoliteness in Acehnese speech variations

This study examines politeness and impoliteness in Acehnese speech variations conveyed through various linguistic features, including honorifics, politeness markers, and respectful forms of address. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method, commencing with observation in different social settings in Acehnese society to identify instances of polite and impolite speech. The data for this study consists of oral data obtained from 13 informants residing in North Aceh, Aceh Pidie, Aceh Besar, and South West Aceh. Data were collected using direct observation techniques and free recall techniques. To ensure well-documented data collection, the researcher recorded the data in manual notes and electronic recordings. Data analysis was conducted using contextual methods. The results demonstrate that in Acehnese language, the politeness and grammaticality of an utterance are highly dependent on the region of use or dialect. Generally, in Acehnese, language is considered polite if the utterance uses proclitics corresponding to the actor in a sentence. However, in the South West Aceh dialect, this rule does not apply. In this dialect, language politeness does not rely on the regular use of proclitics. Proclitics are usually not used in speech and should be attached to the verb, given in the repetition of the subject as the doer of the action. Additionally, politeness in this language is highly dependent on pronouns. Conversely, the rules for using honorific pronouns in other dialects do not measure politeness and grammaticality.

A Comparative Analysis of Human Translation and Machine Translation in Diplomatic Languages under the Theory of Functional Equivalence: A Case Study of the US-China High-Level Strategic Dialogue in 2021

This paper presents a comparative analysis of human and machine translations of Yang Jiechi's 16-minute speech during the 2021 China-U.S. High-Level Strategic Dialogue. Guided by the functional equivalence theory, this study examines the lexical and discourse choices of the human translator, Zhang Jing, against three different machine translations. The analysis focuses on the differences in translation regarding political sensitivity, cultural and emotional undertones, and the irreplaceable role of human translators in political language translation. The paper aims to demonstrate how effective human translation contributes to improving China-U.S. relations and enhancing China's international influence.

Unmasking Media Bias and Religious Zionism’s Impeding Political Influence on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

Israeli media coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is often accused of bias that skews public discourse in ways favoring hardline Zionist policy goals. This study analyzes news articles from the Times of Israel, Israel Hayom, and Jerusalem Post covering October 2023 violence to understand how language and framing shape understandings and political dynamics. A critical discourse analysis of 34 selected news articles published between October 7-30, 2023 was conducted using the CDA framework to uncover underlying ideological elements and their potential effects. The findings illuminated how certain outlets strategically frame information to reinforce unilateral policy preferences over collaborative solutions. By normalizing disproportionate responses to acts of resistance and denying the humanity of those contesting Zionist territorial ambitions. The Times of Israel and Israel Hayom frame narratives to consolidate unilateral Zionist control and normalize militarized policies. Jerusalem Post aims to build a pro-Israel narrative through political language and ‘us vs. them’ framing. Strategic omissions deny Palestinian grievances and legitimacy, while emotive reporting justifies disproportionate force. The studied media construct narrow nationalist discourses that delegitimize Palestinian perspectives and fuel intractability. Reforms are needed to diversify sourcing and fact-check distortions to curb biases exacerbating political polarization rather than reconciliation.

Students' Language Poetty In Social Media In Indonesian Online Learning

Language politeness is one of the key aspects of a person's success in establishing social relationships. This research, which examines language politeness on social media, aims to describe how polite students should have, both in communicating with teachers and with their peers. In general, attitude can be assessed through the intonation and direct expression of the speaker. Meanwhile, on social media, these two elements are not visible in expressions that only consist of writing or chat. In its method, this research uses a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques are reading and note-taking techniques. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique used in this research is an interactive model, namely data collection, (2) data reduction, (3) data presentation, and (4) drawing conclusions.

Case Study: Language Politeness in Preschool Children at Ar-Rahman School

Purpose of the study: This research aims to investigate how preschool children use language politeness. The method used is a pragmatic approach with a qualitative approach. Language politeness is usually part of adult human abilities. Adults will be better able to judge whether an utterance is considered polite or not, depending on various factors such as social distance, culture, and power relations. Methodology: The data that has been copied and grouped is then analyzed using the politeness theory of language developed by Brown and Levinson. In qualitative research, data analysis begins with reducing data, categorizing data, presenting data, drawing conclusions from findings, and verifying. Main Findings: The research results show that language politeness can be divided into four main strategies. However, the results show that preschool children, especially those aged 3-5 years, do not fully understand the concept of politeness. The data obtained showed considerable variation in children's understanding of politeness strategies, without any clear consistency. Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this research is the methodological approach that uses direct observation in various activity situations at school as well as in-depth interviews with teachers and parents, which provides a comprehensive picture of language politeness practices. This makes a significant contribution to academic literature and educational practitioners in understanding and developing language politeness from an early age.

Language Poetty in Class VIII Student Discussions of SMPIT Ash Shiddiqiyyah, South Tangerang

Purpose of the study: This study aims to describe the deviation and compliance of the politeness of language principles that occur in class discussion activities in class VIII students of SMPIT Ash Shiddiqiyyah South Tangerang in terms of word selection and polite manner of discussion. Methodology: The method used in the study Analysis of the Utilization of Principles of Language politeness in the Discussion Activities of Class VIII Students of SMPIT Ash Shiddiqiyyah South Tangerang is a qualitative descriptive method. The technique used in collecting data uses the technique of referring skillful engagements, recording techniques, and note-taking techniques. Main Findings: The results of the study on class VIII SMPIT Ash Shiddiqiyyah South Tangerang showed that the number of violations of language politeness violations that occurred in class discussion activities were greater than their compliance. The principle of politeness that is often violated is the maxim of generosity, humility and approval. As for those who do not appear in speech in class VIII are the maxims of wisdom, the maxim of acceptance and the maxim of conclusions. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research offers a new view regarding language politeness in discussions of class VIII students at SMPIT Ash Shiddiqiyyah Tangsel by considering the specific cultural context and school environment. Previously, studies related to language politeness were often carried out in general contexts without paying attention to the unique nuances and characteristics of each educational environment.

Politeness in Language in Student Discussions at Akprind University Indonesia

Language politeness is a very important aspect in shaping students' language and character. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to aspects of politeness in language, so it is necessary to analyze any deviations and comply with the principles of politeness in language in discussions in the classroom. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques use proficient free-involved listening techniques and note-taking techniques. Data analysis uses the practical equivalent method. Determining deviations and compliance with the principles of language politeness is based on indicators of language politeness with Leech's theory. The research results show that: 1) The maxims that are often violated in learning using the discussion method are: the maxim of generosity, the maxim of humility, and the maxim of agreement. 2) The maxim of that do not appear in learning using the discussion method are: the maxim of wisdom, the maxim of acceptance, and the maxim of sympathy. 3) The use of language in learning using the discussion method often uses inappropriate diction/word choices. 4) Language politeness in learning using the discussion method has not been fulfilled properly

The Effect of Peer Assessment through Twitter on Students’ Writing the Analytical Exposition Text Ability

Purpose of the study: This research is aimed to get empirical evidence on the effect of peer assessment through Twitter on students’ writing the analytical exposition text ability at eleventh-grade students of Senior High School 1 Dramaga Methodology:This research used the quantitative method and quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of 60 eleventh-grade students from Senior High School 1 Dramaga, selected using purposive sampling. The samples were divided into two groups of 30 class XI social science 2 as the control class and class XI social science 3 as the experimental class. Then, the data were collected by using a writing test in the form of a pre-and post-test. Main Findings: The result shows that the mean score of the post-test in the experimental class is 78.133 with 17.633 as the gained mean score while the mean score of the post-test in the control class is 70.167 with 8.167 as the gained mean score. Besides, the result shows that sig (2 tailed) is 0.000. Then the tvalue of the post-test (4.396) is higher than ttable (2.301) meaning Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. Novelty/Originality of this study:This research offers novelty by exploring in depth the influence of learning methods based on Islamic values ​​on language politeness in class VIII student discussions at SMPIT Ash Shiddiqiyyah Tangsel.

Sanat Bağlamında Berlin Duvarı’nın İzleri

Germany was the place where the cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union took place, planning to establish an ideological domination over the world. After the end of the Second World War, although the city of Berlin remained within the borders of East Germany, as per an agreement between the Soviets and the Western bloc countries. divided. In order to prevent their escape to East and West Germany, the German administration began to build a wall around East Berlin on August 13, 1961, closing all passages to the western part, telling its citizens that they had a freer and more prosperous life. Hundreds of people lost their lives trying to escape to West Berlin by crossing the Berlin Wall until it collapsed on November 9, 1989. The walls of the public space create a political language and a space used against the system. The aim of this study was investigated in the context of the division of Germany, represented by the wreckage of the Berlin Wall, on a social and political plane. The resistance and political discourse function of graffiti in public spaces is examined through the example of the Berlin Wall. Artistic traces with a predominant protest aspect were investigated through literature review and visual concepts. Keywords: Public art, Berlin Wall, War, Graffiti, Politics, Street Art

Inside the Linguistic Laboratory: The New Languages of Politics in Eighteenth-Century Russia and their Craftsmen

Review of: S. V. Pol’skoi & V. S. Rzheutskii, eds., Laboratoriia poniatii. Perevod i iazyki politiki v Rossii XVIII veka. Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2022.

The language politics of uncertainty: On the temporal consequences of Germany’s newcomer integration policy

The language politics of uncertainty: On the temporal consequences of Germany’s newcomer integration policy

Defining the Aristocrat: From Geneva to Revolutionary France

In the political and social language of the early modern period, aristocracy did not denote a social class, but a form of state or government. At the dawn of the revolutionary age, however, the concept of aristocracy suddenly moved to the centre of disputes over the new political and social order in European states—and with it the previously unknown figure of the aristocrat. This article traces the conceptual history of aristocracy and aristocrats between about 1760 and 1789. It argues that the rise of these revolutionary battle terms was largely rooted in the constitutional struggles of the small Geneva Republic, which were widely observed and commented throughout Europe. Protagonists such as the Geneva opposition leaders and writers François d’Ivernois and Étienne Clavière, and the French philosophers and politicians Jacques-Pierre Brissot and Honoré Gabriel de Riqueti, Comte de Mirabeau, were involved in translating these concepts from the political language of republicanism into the context of the French monarchy, where members of the nobility were now denounced as aristocrats in the run-up to the Estates General. The outbreak of the French Revolution and its perception throughout Europe ultimately shaped the meanings of the concepts of aristocracy and aristocrat in the modern world.

Translating Soviet Moldova’s Language Politics: Observations on Tatiana Ţîbuleac’s The Glass Garden in Spanish Translation

Grădina de sticlă (The Glass Garden) is the second novel by the prize-winning Moldovan and Romanian author Tatiana Ţîbuleac. Set in Soviet Chişinău towards the end of the communist era, the book is narrated by a Moldovan-speaking young girl who has been adopted by an elderly Russian-speaking woman. Language and identity play key roles in the book, as the child is encouraged to forgo the Moldovan language and to learn how to speak Russian, the language of Soviet prestige and power. This personal struggle occurs against the background of the major sociopolitical and linguistic changes of perestroika and beyond, including the independence of Moldova, and is reflected by the fact that the text of the novel itself (though originally written in Ro-manian) is sprinkled with words and phrases in untransliterated Russian. Accordingly, noting that this complex linguistic situation could conceivably pose a challenge for translators of the novel into other languages, this study contrasts the original with its Spanish version, El jardín de vidrio. The aim is to show how, as part of the legacy of Soviet rule, the enduring complexities of Moldova’s linguistic and socio-political situation can be rendered through translation. Focussing initially on how the Spanish translation deals with the general features of Moldova’s language situation, it then moves to detailing how the novel’s frequent usage of Russian and the Cyrillic script is accommodated in the translated version. Lastly, selected aspects centring on the interplay between languages (e.g. differences in script and lexis, wordplay, misspellings) are scrutinised.

Differences in politeness perception of irony and prosocial lies: Exploring the role of age, gender, and geographic location.

In daily interactions, individuals use irony and prosocial lies for various reasons, for example, to be humorous, to criticize, or to be polite. While some studies have examined individual differences in perceiving the politeness of such language, research using naturalistic, context-rich materials is lacking. To address this gap, we utilized short videos to assess politeness perception in literal, ironic, and prosocial lie scenarios while also exploring differences based on age, gender, and geographical location. Our sample included 288 participants from the United States and the United Kingdom. We focused on five different types of language: literal positive, blunt, sarcastic, teasing, and prosocial lies. Participants rated the politeness of these statements and completed surveys on communication preferences (Self-Reported Sarcasm Questionnaire and Conversational Indirectness Scale Questionnaire). While the demographic groups showed similarities, individual factors also shaped politeness perception. Older adults perceived teasing as less polite than middle-aged and younger adults, and male participants rated blunt and sarcastic statements as more polite. Geographical variations were found for prosocial lies, with U.K. participants rating them more polite than their U.S. counterparts. These findings underscore the importance of considering context-rich materials and individual factors in understanding the social functions of irony and prosocial lies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The Political Language of Public Grief

The Political Language of Public Grief

LANGUAGE POLITENESS STRATEGY IN DRAMA "HARUT AND MARUT" BY ALI AHMAD BAKATSIR

Language is the primary communication tool that people always use. In increasingly modern developments, language is often used without considering the politeness established in communication. This is what makes researchers want to research language politeness strategies in drama. This research aims to examine the application of language strategies and politeness in the drama text "Harut and Marut" by Ali Ahmad Bakatsir. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection through the method of reading, taking notes, and then analyzing it. The results of this research reveal various strategies and principles of language politeness applied in the drama Harut and Marut. As for the results of research on language politeness strategies, according to Brown and Levinson in the drama Harut and Marut by Ali Ahmad Bakatsir, there are 12 types of Bald-on record strategies, eight negative politeness strategies, five positive politeness strategies, and 6 Bald-off record strategies. The implications of this research include the importance of language development in society and how to speak well to create an environment that pays attention to effective language politeness. The results of this research provide practical guidance for the community in improving quality and harmonious language communication..

Speaking truth to funders: Alternative accountabilities in the voluntary and community sector during the COVID‐19 pandemic

AbstractThis paper studies grassroots organizations that provide various forms of support to vulnerable local communities in the United Kingdom in a context of increasing austerity, public sector drawbacks, a lack of funding and extensive monitoring, and evaluative requirements. We focus on the COVID‐19 pandemic, which challenged traditional funding relationships. We analyze lived experiences of trust, emotion, and suffering to understand the politics of accountability across the diverse economy. We draw on Gibson‐Graham's post‐capitalist framework, which insists on the politics of language, the subject, and collective action. In the setting we study, the language of crisis reshaped funding, vulnerable subjectivities emerged to support vulnerable communities, and fragmenting accountabilities were met with attempts to promote collective action and solidarity. We, therefore, contribute to literature in critical accounting and literature focused on the voluntary and community sector by studying a landscape of diverse accountability practices to explore the possibilities that they offer in terms of accounting for non‐capitalist organizing.

Adivasi Text as an Assertion and a Lament: A Feminist Perspective and a Critique of Religious Conversion and Reservations

This article explores the ways in which Kocharethi: The Araya Woman by Adivasi writer Narayan is a significant work in Adivasi literature in the way that it opens the life-world of a community, family and individuals. Kocharethi is a story about the intimate ways in which the Malayaraya Adivasi community of Kerala relates to their land and its ownership. Kocharethi is about their exploitation, impoverishment, displacement and erasure and their interaction and negotiation with modernity. It is not an overtly political piece of writing in the sense that it does not incorporate political consciousness, language, form and content, but by centring the Adivasi life-world, it attains a political feat within a literary industry that focuses primarily on the upper-caste Hindus. In a way, Kocharethi is an assertion of the autonomous identity of the Adivasi communities in general and the Malayaraya people in particular. This article therefore engages with complex insights into the relationship between the Adivasi identity, Christianity and Hinduism and how these religions have dehumanized and accepted the people within the fold only on their own terms. The article looks into the important arguments about affirmative action, such as the policy of reservation for Dalits and Adivasis, and one of the transformations that the Malayaraya community underwent, that of conversion to Christianity. When it comes to the women of this community, it is even more complex. Hence, this article is also an attempt to reread the text by Kerala’s first Adivasi novelist, Narayan, from a feminist perspective without undermining the unique and significant position that it holds in Adivasi literature. It further looks at the issues of Adivasi women, specifically the Malayaraya women, and also analyses the patriarchal structure that is depicted in the text. The transition that the community makes due to modernity is placed subsequently.

Political Discourse Analysis of Donald Trump’s Rhetoric: A Linguistic Study of Cognition and Discursivity

To elucidate the deliberate use of Islamophobia in the political sphere, this study carefully examines Donald Trump's presidential campaign speeches using political discourse analysis (PDA). Trump’s Islamophobic position in political discourse has sparked a global discussion. His divisive political language during the 2016 elections contributed to an overall rise in incidents showing hatred for Muslims in the America by painting a poor picture of the Muslim world. The present study employs the theoretical framework of Van Dijk (1998) to examine the socio-political contexts of the discourse: participants’ insight (their goals, relevant knowledge and their belief system), group organization, power dynamics, as well as favourable and unfavourable perceptions of “us” against “them”. The purpose of the work is to highlight the processes by which Islamophobia is created, propagated, and normalised in public discourse. The nature of the current investigation involves heterogeneous techniques. It analyzes the text using PDA methods. Additionally, it computes word frequency to determine the proportion of positive to negative terms in Donald Trump's political speech. The analysis reveals that political leaders use language as a tool to serve their own political ends. This study focusses on understanding the complex interplay between language, power, and ideology in contemporary political communication. By shedding light on the pervasive influence of Islamophobia as a political strategy, it underscores the imperative of critically engaging with political discourse to challenge hegemonic narratives, and to foster all-inclusive and democratic societies. Political leaders frequently employ language as a weapon to further their agendas. This research work highlights the necessity of critically interacting with political discourse to challenge dominant narratives and promote inclusive and democratic societies by bringing to light the pervasive influence of Islamophobia as a political strategy.

Kesantunan Berbahasa dalam Pembelajaran di Kelas IX SMPN 2 Sungguminasa

This study aims to describe the form of language politeness in Indonesian language learning in class IX of SMPN 2 Sungguminasa. This research applies descriptive qualitative research method. The data of this research is in the form of spoken language taken from conversations that occur in the interaction between students and teachers during the discussion process in Indonesian language learning. The data sources in this research are teachers and students of class IX SMPN 2 Sungguminasa. The collected data were processed through qualitative descriptive analysis approach. The results show that the politeness form of teacher-to-student interaction in Indonesian language learning in class IX, namely obeying 5 forms of maxims, namely, the maxim of wisdom, the maxim of generosity, the maxim of respect, the maxim of agreement, and the maxim of sympathy. Furthermore, the principle of politeness that is violated is the maxim of humility by students.