Language Departments Research Articles

TEACHING ENGLISH AT THE MASTER’S DEGREE COURSE “LEADERSHIP AND COMMUNICATION IN SCIENCE, INDUSTRY AND EDUCATION”

Increasing the share of multinational science in the global research and at the industry market leads to attracting promising young specialists and leaders to develop science, technology, engineering, economy and social sphere. The introduced course on "Leadership and Communication in Science, Industry and Education" for the Master’s program students at the Foreign Languages Department of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University) (MIPT) gives the graduates an invaluable opportunity to become well-rounded leaders in their respective fields. By focusing on leadership and communication skills mastered through English this course equips the students with the essential tools to excel in their careers and make a meaningful impact enhancing the reputation and visibility of Russian scientific achievements which positions the students as advantageous candidates for roles in technology transfer, research management, and industry-academia partnerships both in Russia and internationally.

Memories of Academician Professor Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov, on the Occasion of the Fifth Anniversary of His Death

Born on August 21, 1929 in Moscow, Vjačeslav Vsevolodovič Ivanov died on October 7, 2017 in Los Angeles. The beginning of an unprecedented scientific career of Vjačeslav Vsevolodovič was interrupted by a ruthless political campaign of the MGU management in 1959, which ended with Vjačeslav Vsevolodovič's expulsion from the university. Those in power at the time condemned Vjačeslav Vsevolodovič Ivanov for his public ne gation of the official verdict on the novel by B.L. Pasternak doctor Živago and in support of the scientific views of the world-renowned linguist prof. dr. Roman Osipovic Jacobson. The life and work of VJAČESLAV VSEVOLODOVIČ IVANOV, based on the many languages and the literatures that existed through them, which he researched and communicated to people (and especially to student youth) in a rarely encountered way, were through a constant intrusion in science about man and in art and closely linked with a deep humanism and an exemplary empathy. 
 From the Editor. The memoirs of the famous German baltist Rainer Eckert about Vyacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, director of the Institute of World Culture at Moscow State University and professor in the Department of Slavic and East European Languages and Literatures at the University of California, an outstanding scholar of encyclopedic outlook, are dedicated to the fifth anniversary of his death. The Memoirs of Prof. Rainer Eckert are published without changes, with the author's references to the books and articles mentioned in the text.

STUDENT SATISFACTION WITH LECTURERS’ TEACHING PRACTICES – A CASE STUDY AT THE CHINESE DEPARTMENT, HANOI UNIVERSITY

Students' satisfaction with the teaching activities of lecturers is an issue that deserves to be studied, the level of student satisfaction affects their learning performance. Our research subjects are students of the Chinese language department of Hanoi University. The article uses quantitative research method through questionnaire survey (n=201). After collecting the questionnaires, we used the statistical software SPSS 22.0 to analyze reliability, exploratory factors, multivariate linear regression and draw conclusions. The research shows that: (1) Student's satisfaction with teaching activities of lecturers is at a high average level; (2) Student satisfaction with lecturers' teaching activities is influenced by factors such as teaching methods, attitudes, knowledge and capacity of lecturers; (3) The influence level of 4 factors in descending order is method>attitude>knowledge>competence. This study also provides some suggestions for teachers' teaching.

The Effect of the Fish Bone Strategy on the Semantic Change Subject for Students of the Kurdish Language Department university of zakho

The Effect of the Fish Bone Strategy on the Semantic Change Subject for Students of the Kurdish Language Department university of zakho

Teaching conversational skill in the Arabic language department at Raparin University, problems and solutions

This research, which is part of my master's thesis, aims to clarify the linguistic problems (grammar, morphology and sound) in the process of teaching conversational skill in the Department of Arabic Language at Raparin University, with proposing solutions that the researcher thinks are likely to solve those problems, and the researcher's work To know these problems by teaching the speaking skill for a full academic year (2021-2022 AD) and using two study tools, namely: the oral test card and the questionnaire), accompanied by the subject’s professor (Twana Qader Saber Al-Khalkani).

Flaws in the Authenticated Lesson Plans in the Department of Literature and Languages through the Lens of Trainee Teachers in Zambian Secondary Schools

The paper presents common flaws in the lesson plans which were authenticated by Heads of Department (HoDs) in the Department of Literature and Languages across Zambia for student teachers from Kwame Nkrumah University who underwent their teaching experience in 2020 and 2022. A flaw is synonymous to defect, fault and pitfall which should be viewed as a challenge or problem which requires immediate attention and possible solutions. Teaching experience allows trainee teachers to apply theoretical knowledge and skills gained during their course of training. The study employed Critical Discourse Analysis framing to account for flaws in the authenticated lesson plans. Qualitative approach, observation and document analysis methods were adopted. Thematic and descriptive concepts were used to analyse the data. The study shows that some mentors of students on teaching experience did not guide the trainee teachers well. In addition, some HoDs did not take keen interest to check the nature of lesson plans before authenticating them. Lesson plans lacked brainstorming during introductions, had disoriented developments which lacked class and individual activities. It is recommended that HoDs conduct thorough discourse analysis of what they authenticate.

Strengthening Formal Word Utilization in Amharic Language Classroom Instruction: The Case of Third Year Trainees of Debre Markos Teachers’ Education College, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

This study was aimed at identifying prospective teachers’ word utilization and improve their formal word selection and utilization in the Amharic language instructional process. This research was carried out in the Amharic Language Department of Debre Markos Teachers’ College. In doing this research, the researchers recorded the names of all the participants and coded them while they were learning about vocabulary in chapter two of the course entitled ‘Basic Mother Tongue’. The purpose of vocabulary and language learning is to help learners not to use informal vocabulary for social communication and properly utilize formal words and phrases, and as the informants are the will be language teachers, it is to help them become role models for their respective students at primary schools. The researchers tried to solve the observed problems using the regular class provision by simply focusing on the prospective teacher who made reflections in each session. After providing these strategies for the 16 sessions, all the prospective teachers showed significant improvement except one prospective teacher. As per our plan, for one of the prospective teachers who failed to show changes using the two strategies was made to hear a video of renowned Amharic Language professional’s speech. In spite of all these attempts, the prospective teacher did not show significant changes in formal word utilization while making reflections. As a result, the researchers made a plan to work with the remaining prospective teacher.

Research on The Application of Mind Mapping in Indonesian-Chinese Character Teaching Review Lesson: A Case Study of The Department of Chinese Language and Culture Universitas Sebelas Maret 心智导图在印尼汉字教学复习课中的应用研究——以 三一一大学中文系为例

<p>In order to probe the application of mind mapping in the Indonesian Chinese character teaching review lesson, the author attempts to use mind mapping to promote the development of student's writing skills in the Chinese character teaching review lesson. The research object of this article is a junior class student in the Department of Chinese Language and Culture of Universitas Sebelas Maret (first semester, newly exposed to Chinese) 180 mind maps were collected from 90 students and drawn. The analysis results of the observation method, action method, and questionnaire survey method indicate that Chinese character mind mapping is helpful in improving Indonesian students' ability to master Chinese characters and improve their quality and interest in Chinese character learning during the review lesson. When using mind mapping, teachers should try to highlight their strengths and avoid weaknesses. With the popularization of computers and the rapid development of graphic technology, the application of mind maps in Chinese character teaching as a foreign language will gradually be recognized, indicating that the development prospects of mind maps are bright. </p><p align="center"> </p><p><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></p>

Critical Thinking Activities to Improve Senior High School Students’ Speaking Skills

Many professionals emphasize the importance of teaching English with critical thinking skills, but implementation is still scant, especially in Indonesia ELT. This research investigates the use of critical thinking activities to teach EFL learners speaking skills, describes the challenges teachers and students face, and explains how they overcome them. Foreign Language Department Institute (FLDI) of the Boarding School at Probolinggo completed the research. This descriptive qualitative study used observation, interviews, and documentation for data. Three steps—reducing, showing, and concluding—analyzed the data. This study indicated that FLDI implemented critical thinking through speech, debate, and discussion. Those exercises engaged students throughout the process, allowing them to speak up and think critically. The research also revealed teacher concerns regarding student critical thinking, speaking, and boredom. Students also struggled in critical reading, speaking, and article writing. This study showed how teachers and students used icebreakers, reading and writing instruction, vocabulary memorization, and intensive engagement to overcome such challenges. This study encourages EFL teachers to provide comprehensive tasks to help students practice speaking and thinking. This study may also help EFL teachers and students with speaking issues.

INVESTIGATING EFL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION IN LEARNING

It is believed that, motivation can affect all aspects of life. As it is self-evident in the literature, motivation has an enormous impact on teaching and learning EFL. The aim of this paper is to find out whether the students are motivated to learn EFL or not, and what type of motivation do they have; whether it is instrumental motivation or integrative motivation? This study has been conducted in the context of Kurdish EFL students at the University of Halabja, English Language Department. The problem this study is trying to tackle is to find the important role that motivation plays in learning the English language, and whether there is a lack of motivation from the EFL students, and then find ways to improve them. To conduct this study, the quantitative approach was followed, and a Likert-Scale questionnaire was designed, and was distributed among 50 EFL male and female students. The results indicated that EFL learners at the College of Basic Education in the English Language Department at University of Halabja are, to a great extent, motivated in EFL learning. Moreover, the results also presented the majority of the students have instrumental motivation rather than integrative motivation. Based on the results, some recommendations for University EFL lecturers are being presented in order to build upon the type of motivation that students already have to have the best teaching outcome.

«…Я всю жизнь ждал радикального изменения в образе моей жизни»: переписка академика И.И. Мещанинова с В.В. Виноградовым 1942–1958 гг.

The article is dedicated to the 140th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding Russian scientist, organizer of Soviet science, first academician-secretary of the Department of Literature and Language of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Hero of Socialist Labor I.I. Meshchaninov (1883–1967). It reflects little-known events in Russian linguistics of 1942–1958. The letters of the greatest linguists of the XX century — academician I.I. Meshchaninov and professor (later academician) V.V. Vinogradov are published for the first time. They set out the facts of the personal life of scientists and the activities of academic institutions during the evacuation and peacetime. The presented selection of epistolary materials tells about the work of V.V. Vinogradov in Tobolsk: an attempt to found there a Research institute for the study of languages, folklore, literature and history of the peoples of Siberia and I.I. Meshchaninov’s response to this idea, about a new book on lexis and phraseology, conveys the scientist’s anxiety about his wife’s Moscow apartment, etc. The prospects of V.V. Vinogradov’s relocation to other cities and his restoration in the staff of the Institute of Language and Thinking of the USSR Academy of Sciences are discussed. Judging by the events described, I.I. Meshchaninov took a lively part in the fate of a disgraced colleague and tried to help him overcome hardships. The letters of the 1950s describe events related to the preparation for the elections of academicians and corresponding members of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The epistolary also includes the names of many famous philologists whose destinies were somehow connected with the personality of I.I. Meshchaninov: S.P. Obnorsky, V.F. Shishmaryov, D.V. Bubrikh, A.V. Mirtov, etc. The published documents are of interest to historians of Soviet linguistics, linguoculturologists, sociolinguists. The letters reveal the rare circumstances of the work of research teams in a difficult time for the country, show linguists from an unusual side, report new biographical details, filling in the gaps in the historiography of the XX century. The article focuses the attention of modern researchers on the need to study archival data and introduce original materials into the theory and practice of general linguistics in order to recreate the annals of Russian science.

The Existence of Grammatical Shifts in The English – Indonesian Translation Done by English Language Department Students

Translation is transferring the meaning from the source language into the target language. Therefore, the shift in translation could be occurred because of the difference between two languages. To understand the translation shifts more detail, this study was composed by taking the translation shift as the theme of study. This study focused on explainning the existence of grammatical shifts in the English into Indonesian translation of an essay text done by the 5th semester students of English Language department at Walisongo Islamic State University. The subject of this study consisted of 15 people of 5th semester students of Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang. Meanwhile, the object of this study was the translation results produced by the students. This study was a descriptive qualitative study emphasizing the detailed understanding of the result of the study. In order to collect the data, this study used test and documentation of the students’ translation results. Based on the analysis, there were found two main types of shifts, including level shift and category shift, in the students’ translation result. The category shift was divided into four types, such as structure shift, class shift, unit / rank shift, and intra-system shift. The dominant translation shift that found in this study was unit / rank shift as much as 28.81 %, that followed by structure shift (25.07 %), intra-system shift (20.89 %), level shift (18.53 %), and class shift (6.70 %). Those kinds of grammatical shifts will be explained in this study, in order to increase the knowledge about the grammatical shifts in translation.

Effects of Negative Affective Factors on Learning EFL at Thamar University

Affective factors, also known as emotional factors, can positively or negatively influence learning. Negative feedback, situation, or experience would lead to the learners' unpleasant, depressing, or harmful attitude. The present study examined the effects of negative affective factors on Yemeni English as a foreign language (EFL, henceforth) undergraduate learners in the English Language Department, Faculty of Education, Thamar University. The study sample comprised 20 participants (9 males and 11 females) who presented their views on the negative affective factors they experienced during their language study. To collect the data, the interview method was executed as a study instrument with six open-ended questions. The results revealed that anxiety and shyness are chief inhibitions to language learning. The negative effects of such factors were: lousy performance, less effective learning, weak exam results, hindrances in using the language in conversations, and sometimes failure in learning the language. Thus, anxiety and shyness were inhibitors to EFL learning, affecting the learning process of the four language skills and test performance. Based on the results, the affective factors considered in the analysis need to be treated. Hence, some strategies are suggested to help reduce the negative effects of the affective factors.

Preparing Arabic Rhetoric Book In The Light Of Project-Based Learning/ إعداد كتاب علم المعاني على ضوء التعلم القائم على المشاريع

The study was conducted to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching materials used for Ilm al Ma'ani based on Project Based Learning (PjBL) in the Arabic Language Department - The State Islamic University of Prof. K.H. Saifuddin Zuhri Purwokerto, Indonesia. This study used Research and Development (R and D) designed by Borg and Gall. The data was collected using interviews, observations, questionnaires, and tests. The data analysis techniques included descriptive qualitative data analysis and descriptive statistics. This study's product is a textbook with the characteristics of mind mapping, analysis models, and exercises in every chapter. The experts in Ilm al Ma'ani, Arabic language, and textbook design have validated the textbook. The results of the expert's validation and the students' opinions are excellent because the product improves the students' learning competence and academic performance. Using the teaching materials for PjBL-based Ilm al Ma'ani obtains effective results. The Normality Tests using SPPS show that the posttest average value of the students is higher than the pretest average value. It means that there is a significant increase in the average value.

The motivation of university students in speaking English on extracurricular activity: Extrinsic or intrinsic?

Research on motivation of students in speaking English on extracurricular activity has been really conducted but students are still afraid of speaking English.. This manuscript is a research result dealing with motivation of English Education students in Department of Language and Art Education at Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Tadulako University in speaking English on extracurricular activity. English speaking skill should be developed on extracurricular activity to make ideal atmosphere, but that activity has not been effective yet on all study programs except English Education at that faculty, so that the students have not been able to speak English yet. This research aims at identifying what motivates the university students and how their intention is. Its target is they taste different academic athmosphere to have English skill to interact with English speakers. Respondents of the research were 25 English education students. Its data were collected through Identification (as a procedure) by using Questionnaire (as an instrument) then analysed by using Descriptive Method. The university students join it to be able to communicate in English and get certificate. Those are extrinsic moivation and intrinsic one. Most of them were selfmotivated, so their intrinsic motivations were greater than their extrinsic one. Motivation by themselves or selfmotivator is the greatest. This implies to support decision making in developing English speaking skill of university students. They hopefully carry out and join extracurricular activities to practice their English orally for having English speaking skill proficiently.

ADAPTATION AS A SOLID PRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUE IN TRANSLATION OF COMPLEX LITERARY TEXTS

<p><span>Adaptation as one of the most efficient techniques in translation seen from a general perspective has alwaysbeen a challenge to encounter with almost all those who practice this complex intellectual activity. In this regard, this paper aims to identify some crucial steeps to be undertaken during the translation process, all in order to see what is the scale this technique reaches, and which are the text transfer difficulties from SL to TT, impacting the overall message transfer from L1 to L2. The source samplings are translation products from 20 students at the English Language Department, at our home institution. The samplings are divided into two groups of ten translations each, which have been put under both qualitative and quantitative analysis, aiming to reveal factors, reasons and level of language mastery, as a crucial factor and cause, which impacts and puts under condition the overall adaptation scale to be used in the process. Text Quantum Transfer Interactions Typology (TQTIT), based primarily on using adaptation as a technique, will be revealed and defined. This analytical approach will result with quantitative percentage referring to adaptation, expressed in an explicit way. It will show a sharp cleavage between ST and TT consistency balance in terms of adaptation functionality, of the overall transferred message from one to the other language. This will be the final answer to the priory set hypothesis concerning translation based upon adaptation as a technique. And finally the answer will define and qualify the product as an “ad verbum”, rather than as an “adsensum” translation product.</span></p><p><span><strong><span>Keywords: </span></strong><span>Translation, adaptation, scale, factors, reasons.</span></span></p>

The English Majored Students' Perceptions of Using Flipgrid in Online Speaking Classrooms

In this day and age, as COVID-19 has led many schools to study online, technology plays an important role in facilitating classrooms. Speaking seems to be one of the most difficult skills to study online, as this needs direct communication among students. There has been much research on using technological applications to assist students in online learning. However, studies exploring university students' perceptions of online platforms such as Flipgrid are quite scarce. This mixed-method study aimed to explore that aspect by using questionnaires and interviews to investigate students' perspectives after a course using Flipgrid in online speaking classrooms. The participants were first-year students who studied online speaking modules in Foreign Language Department at Van Lang University. The result showed that students believed that Flipgrid created a sharing environment for them to learn from their friends and lower their anxiety as this did not bring too much pressure they have when they needed to present in front of face-to-face classrooms. The findings also revealed that there were some discrepancies in the perceptions between high and low-level students in terms of improving their pronunciation. High achievers tend to value this benefit more than their lower counterparts.

The Management of Foreign Language Development in an Islamic Boarding School (Pesantren)

The mastery of foreign languages, especially English and Arabic. is one of the educational goals in most pesantrens in Aceh. This study aimed to find the management of foreign language development along with its supporting and hindering factors in one of pesantrens in Aceh Tengah using a descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection technique applied was interview, and the subjects were the leaders, teachers, and the students. This study delved into the four functions of management: planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling. The result of the investigation showed some plannings of the foreign language development management, i.e., holding a meeting at the beginning of the semester, selecting the language coordinator, and devising methods and techniques language development program. Next, organizing included forming the structure of the dayah organization, students’ organization, and administrator in language department. In addition, actuating in the language development was implemented in direct method and control. Both applied muhadharah (speech), muhadatsah (conversation), mufradat (vocabulary), listening, watching movie, and studying kitab kuning (yellow book). Lastly, controlling was executed by holding the meeting of the staffs’ main task result either at the end of every month or semester. This phase was done by language coordinator through language administrators. Then, the teachers (ustaz and ustazah) controlled by walking around and worked together with the jasusah (secret agent). Furthermore, the supporting factors of language development included the existing facilities and infrastructure, qualified teaching staff, and students’ high learning motivation. While the hindering factors were the lack of teaching staff in English, the lack of motivation from the leaders, and the lack of students’ interest in participating language development process.

Students' Evaluation of Teaching Practices at Foreign Languages Department (FLD) in Taif University

This research paper demonstrates authentic materials to enrich the student evaluation of teaching henceforward (SET) at the Foreign Languages Department (FLD), namely; an electronic online questionnaire adopted from the National Center for Academic Accreditation and Evaluation at Taif University that was used as a  tool by students to evaluate teachers' teaching practices. It aimed mainly to enhance the standard of the courses. The sample of this survey included (956) male and (945) female students' evaluation reports for (11) female teachers and (16) male teachers who taught them different courses in the 2nd term of the academic year 2018–2019. The data collected through this standardized questionnaire was analyzed and reflected notable results towards effective teaching practices at FLD. Moreover, there was statistically notable variation among the sample responses due to the academic level difference between fresh and junior students, which was in favor of fresh students (sig=.000).

Applying Ensemble Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbor and Decision Tree for Predicting Oral Reading Rate Levels

For many years, reading rate as word correct per minute (WCPM) has been investigated by many researchers as an indicator of learners’ level of oral reading speed, accuracy, and comprehension. The aim of the study is to predict the levels of WCPM using three machine learning algorithms which are Ensemble Classifier (EC), Decision Tree (DT), and K- Nearest Neighbor (KNN). The data of this study were collected from 100 Kurdish EFL students in the 2nd-year, English language department, at the University of Duhok in 2021. The outcomes showed that the ensemble classifier (EC) obtained the highest accuracy of testing results with a value of 94%. Also, EC recorded the highest precision, recall, and F1 scores with values of 0.92 for the three performance measures. The Receiver Operating Character curve (ROC curve) also got the highest results than other classification algorithms. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the ensemble classifier is the best and most accurate model for predicting reading rate (accuracy) WCPM.