Language Consciousness Research Articles

Language Consciousness and Motivation in Foreign Language Learning

Language Consciousness and Motivation in Foreign Language Learning

Associative Experiment as an Effective Method of Studying Students’ Linguistic Consciousness

The purpose of this article is to present the methodology of conducting associative experiments, which is used in their psycholinguistic research by scientists of Moscow International University, Voronezh State University and the “Laboratory of Cognitive Research of Consciousness named after Said Makhdikhon Sattorov”. This technique makes it possible to identify more or less frequent associations that are actually represented in the consciousness of native speakers (language consciousness), as well as to fix the associative norms of the national language within the framework of the corresponding (associative) dictionaries. The article presents the results of linguistic associative experiments conducted in Derbent in lecture halls of local universities. A list of 10 stimuli was used as a stimulus material. Based on the results of the experiments, associative fields of stimuli were constructed, which made it possible to identify the state of language consciousness of Derbent students.

МОВНА СВІДОМІСТЬ ТА МОВНА ПОВЕДІНКА УКРАЇНЦІВ У ПОВНОМАСШТАБНІЙ ВІЙНІ: ДИСКУСІЇ ТА МОВНИЙ АКТИВІЗМ

The paper concerns the discussion around the place and role of the Ukrainian language in the life of Ukrainians after the full-scale invasion in 2022. The research is based on the participant observation method. The case study of debates on social media, and interviews with non-public representatives of the society outline a piece of the reality related to the language issue. The comments to the posts on topical subjects, diverse situations concerned with the implementation of language rights and performance of language duties demonstrate that the key attention in discussing the further development of Ukraine is paid to the importance of the Ukrainian language and moving on it by Russian-speaking Ukrainians. The debates also deal with the relevance of Ukrainization, feasible ways of its implementation, and problems the people face аt their language shifting. The output of the recent poll at the Institute of Sociology of Kyiv organized by the Ukrainian political experts in December 2022 is analyzed. It is defined that according to the poll for Ukrainian/Russian proportion in the life of Ukrainians, a positive trend toward speaking Ukrainian or increasing the Ukrainian share in the informational space of the respondents is detected. The results of the research witnesses the substantial impact of the Russian-Ukrainian full-scale war on the language behaviour of Ukrainians – social media users. The prospects envisage an in-depth study of the language-behavioral reactions of Ukrainian society and further following the changes in its language consciousness.

Associations per word holidays in the language consciousness of native Chinese speakers in comparison with the spontaneous stories of the Chinese about the holidays

The article explores two sets of keywords (KW) on the topic “Holidays”. The first one was selected in the course of a special experiment consisting of 20 spontaneous monologues — stories about holidays — pronounced by Chinese in Russian. These monologues were taken from the corpus of Russian monologue speech “Balanced Annotated Text Library”. The experiment involved 40 native Russian speakers, all philologists, who have an idea of what a keyword is. The second set of KWs was obtained during a free association experiment on the word holidays, which was attended by 146 native Chinese speakers living (at the time of participation in the experiment) both in Russia and in China. Comparison of the results of two different experiments showed a great similarity of the obtained sets of KWs, which ensured, among other things, the content integrity of the recorded texts. The proposed method of associative experiment and search for keywords in oral monologue-stories seems to be quite promising in the analysis of corpus material, and the results can be useful both in theoretical and practical terms. In the first case, we can talk about studying the influence of the primary linguistic personality on the secondary linguistic personality, as well as about the features of the formation of this secondary linguistic personality, which is a foreigner studying a second language. In the second case, the obtained data can help to understand whether native Chinese speakers, when speaking and thinking in their non-native Russian language, are using the same or different ways of thinking, same or different lexicon, and also whether the speaker’s gender influences the choice of one or another word. These data can be useful in the practice of teaching the Russian language to a foreign (in particular, Chinese) audience

СЕМАНТИКА И ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЕ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОГО «ДИЛЕТАНТ» В СОВРЕМЕННОМ РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

The article tests the peculiarities of the meaning and usе of the noun dilettante in Russian language in different spheres of communication. The analysis includes the information about the word in various explanatory, synonymous and antonymic dictionaries of the Russian language, the noun's functioning in contexts based on the website of «National Corpus of the Russian Language» and in reflexive expressions used by internet users. The article presents similar words to the noun dilettante, and also analyzes the evaluation of the studied word in corpus materials, as well as in the language consciousness of native Russian speakers. The work uses descriptive method, component analysis of meaning method, distributive method, continuous sampling of material from dictionaries, and targeted sampling of related contexts from the «National Corpus of the Russian Language». As a result of the analysis, the descripition of the man known as dilettante is created, moreover, the ambivalence of the tested noun dilettante is identified. The conclusions obtained in the course of this research can be used to the lessons on Cultural linguistics, the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language, and also to the development and compilation of educational lexicographic dictionaries.

Комунікативний потенціал літературної фразеології в медіа

The article is devoted to stylistic functions of literary phraseology in media communication. The author opinion that the media sphere is a special type of verbalized language consciousness that commensurates with actual processes of language development is formulated and argued. Language markers, representative for the media, their origin, functional resource, effective forms of presentation, analysis of the ability to influence the semantic development of language and form the cultural field of modern mass consciousness are important issues for a linguist in such investigation objectivity. The emphasis is made on the fact that the active processes of development of modern information societies cause the transformation of language communication, in particular in the media, where the functional intentions of the literary word and phraseology are significant and effective. The functions of literary phraseology of biblical origin, author's phraseology of Ukrainian writers in media communication are considered, primarily from the point of view of their transformation, ability to unite the text. Special attention is also focused on the intertextual possibilities of literary phraseology as the ability of intercultural semantic circles to outline the associative aesthetic and ethical potential of modern European culture. The author interprets the intentions of phraseological units as multivariate communicative units, characterized by semantic field, aptness, stability and the mentioned emotional, expressive potential, that collectively allows to perform a manipulative function and strengthen the influence on the recipient's consciousness. The use of literary phraseology in the media, which is determined by the expressive potential of these language units, the conciseness of the form, the ability to symbolize, to combine humanistic ideas and intercultural ties of modern civilization, is elaborated. Emphasis is placed on the expediency and perspective of interpreting the possibilities of literary phraseology in the active communicative space of the media.

THE CONCEPT OF «LANGUAGE AWARENESS» IN THE MODERN LINGUISTIC TERMINOLOGY

The article analyzes the historiography and historiosophy of the concept of linguistic consciousness in the projection onto the term system of modern linguistics. The definition of the term is proposed, its integrative connections, generic-species correlations in synchrony and diachrony are clarified. In the historical aspect, the formation of national and social linguistic consciousness and their textual implementation is established. Linguistic, sociocultural, cognitive, communicative factors are taken into account for the comprehensive disclosure of the content of the concept of linguistic consciousness and the differentiation of linguistic concepts related to it. A comprehensive analysis of the concept of language consciousness justifies its status as a psycholinguistic category that covers the results of mental activity, perception and assimilation of information verbalized by means of the national language. Its units are concepts (ethnocentrisms), which are realized in language with the help of an associative-verbal thesaurus: words, phrases, expressions, grammatical and logical categories, grammatical and textual forms, functioning of the intentional-motivational mechanism. In the language, two types of verbal manifestations of linguistic consciousness constantly interact: 1) associated with the formation of a stable mechanism of functional structures of associative-verbal thesauri, the developed core of networks, words, grammatical and logical categories, which is a manifestation of the durability of national memory; 2) connected with dynamic, primarily evaluative, processes in verbal networks, verbal structures, intentional images. Linguistic consciousness in all its varieties (folk, social and ethnocentric, communicative) is a dynamic, culturally and socially conditioned and integral element of the history of the literary language. It changes along with the development of the nation, acquires new forms and manifestations, improves synchronously with the formation of a conscious, intellectual society.

АКСИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ ТОПОНИМИЧЕСКОЙ ЛЕКСИКИ

The article investigates the evaluative component of the toponymic vocabulary in the English and Russian languages. The material of the research (evaluative toponyms and toponymic nicknames) was received from the geographic information systems GNIS and the dictionary of Russian toponyms by E.M. Pospelov. The purpose of the study is to identify the ratio of positive or negative evaluation components in the sphere of toponymy in different languages and to explain the cognitive reasons for the predominance of positive semantics among the toponymic vocabulary. The methodology used in the research combines continuous sampling method, method of quantitative and comparative analyses. The results of the investigation show that the axiological aspect of toponymy is universal and that there is a significant asymmetry towards positive evaluation when reflecting the sensory perception of the surrounding reality. This fact can be explained by the work of the language consciousness and the advertising function of toponyms aimed at creating a positive perception of a geographical space.

Русская диалектная речь в условиях синтеза бесписьменной народно-речевой традиции с элементами письменной речевой культуры (на материале речи диалектоносителей-старообрядцев)

. The peculiarities of a new stage in Russian traditional popular culture, dating from the first half of the 20th century, when many dialect speakers began to read and write, require to study the influence that is exerted on oral dialect communication by written speech. Today, in dialect speech, we need to distinguish the features originated from the oral character of this form of communication from the unwritten character of folk speech culture as a foundation of dialect communication, and from the inclusion of written components in the language consciousness of dialect speakers. The analysed material is the speech of dialect speaking Old Believers from the village Belogornoe in Saratov Oblast; the object of observation is the peculiarities of inclusion of written culture elements into the dialect speech; the main research method is the text-based analysis of dialect speech. Literate dialect speaking Old Believers’ speech is typically dialectal – by its phonetic and grammatical structure, its lexical specificity, its communicative organization, as well as from the point of view of verbalized features distinguishing the dialect speakers’ consciousness. At the same time, the informants’ speech represents a specific synthesis of oral dialect communication features with penetrating elements of bookish and written discourses, mainly religious one. The interaction of the dialect speech basis with other discursive elements can be seen in the lexical composition of dialect speaking Old Believers’ speech, in the manner of coping with the inclusions from other discourses, in the functioning of heterogeneous language units, as well as in the forms of linguistic reflection. While remaining basically dialectal with its non-functional variability as a distinguishing feature of dialectal communication, the speech of literate dialect speakers is characterized by some elements of linguistic means’ functional distribution and by the strengthening of meta-linguistic reflection. The authors conclude that changes in dialect communication, connected with the expansion of literacy among dialect speakers, have a variable character. They are determined by the source of literacy and by the circle of written texts constituting the communicative space of a dialect speaker. The peculiarities of synthesizing written culture with the Old Believers’ dialect speech are a variant of the general dynamics of folk speech tradition.

Сочетания в потоке + Р. п. и быть в потоке в современной русской речи

The article deals with the problem of metaphorical verbalization of the inner state of a person using the example of a non-predicative combination в потоке + Genitive and a predicative combination быть в потоке. Attention to the semantics of the lexeme поток (flow) and to the connotative features of these combinations is due to the high frequency of metaphorical use of the word поток and combinations like “Я в потоке” in the texts of modern media and social networks. The purpose of the article is to identify semantic features and connotative signs of combinations в потоке + Genitive and быть в потоке in the modern Russian speech. The research relies on component and contextual analysis. The work explicates the connotative semes of the noun поток, which are presented in its dictionary definitions; connotative semes that are actualized when using combinations в потоке + Genitive and быть в потоке in specific types of contexts are identified and analyzed on the data from the National Corpus of the Russian language. It is shown that the phenomenon поток in the Russian language consciousness is evaluated mainly negatively, which is expressed by certain lexical-semantic and morphological-syntactic language means that are regularly encountered in contexts.

БОЛЬШАЯ РОЛЬ «МАЛЫХ» СЛОВ (на материале английского языка)

The object of research in the article is functional parts of speech, and the subject matter is their role in the language realization of its main functions: cognitive, communicative and interpretive. As the author states, functional words have been thoroughly studied in the context of structural paradigm whereas their role in the reconstruction of the work of consciousness calls for a more detailed analysis which is the aim of the article. The analysis is carried out on the material of the English language with occasional references to the Russian language. The main methods of analysis are introspection and semantic interpretation, inferential and context-situational types of analysis. As the analysis shows the functional parts of speech contribute greatly to the language realization of its main functions: cognitive, communicative and interpretive. The history of the determination category, constituted by the opposition of the definite, indefinite and zero articles, reveals that articles reflect the cognitive development of a human being, the transition from the perception of a single object to categorization, i.e. from concrete to abstract thinking. The participation of the article in the actual division of the sentence reveals its contribution to the language realization of its communicative and interpretive functions. The main function of the prepositions consists in forming the scaffolding for our thought on its way to verbalization in the sentence as a special format of knowledge about a situation of reality. Prepositions serve as language markers of the roles of participants of the event, presented in the sentence. Besides, the variation in the choice of a preposition manifests the difference in the focus of attention during the perception of an event as well as the difference in the perception of the same event by different types of language consciousness. Conjunctions as markers of the character of relations between the components of a composite sentence as a special format of knowledge manifest the possibility of different interpretations of the relations between the events of reality presented in the proposition of the composite sentence as a mental analog of reality. The study of conjunctions in the cognitive aspect enables us to get knowledge about the cognitive development of a child as well as about the specificity of discourse patterns in different languages related to ethnocultural factors. Reflecting the deep relations between the events of reality, conceptualized by the individual mind, conjunctions carry out an important function in the fiction text, participating in the expression of its dominant meanings and the plot development.

The Content of the Concept of "Native Language" in the Linguistic Picture of the World of Modern Dolgans of the Khatango-Anabar Region (Sociopsycholinguistic Aspect)

Subject of research: the content of images of linguistic consciousness of Dolgan Khatanga district of Krasnoyarsk Krai and Anabar district of Yakutia. Objective: to identify the features of the linguistic consciousness of modern Dolgans of two adjacent regions of the Russian Federation. Tasks: 1) to consider the extralinguistic situation in the places of compact residence of Dolgans separately and in the whole region; 2) to consider the linguistic situation in the region; 3) to consider the content of the concept of "native language". Methods: 1) a directed associative experiment was conducted among the SS population. Popigai, Syndassko Khatansky district of Krasnoyarsk Krai and ss. Yuryung Khaya, Saskylakh Anabar district of Yakutia. 2) sociolinguistic research of places of compact residence of the Dolgans of Russia (questionnaire survey, interview, observation, indirect observation (study of documentation). The novelty of the research: the Dolgan language consciousness has not yet been the subject of special research and the concept of "native language" in the Dolgan concept sphere has not been considered before. The results obtained are also interesting from the point of view of sociolinguistics, since the Khatango-Anabar region is a multilingual and multicultural region, respectively, bilingualism and multilingualism are actively developing. It was important for us to find out what a modern native speaker of the Dolgan language puts into the concept of "native language". The subjects were asked to answer the question: "What is a native language?". Basically, the content is built around the meaning of the first word of the stimulus "native", so the figurative component prevails.

Аттестат как образ сознания старшеклассников, студентов и взрослых

The article considers a fragment of the language consciousness of upper-form pupils, students and adults reconstructed on the basis of the results of a associative experiment conducted by the author in schools, gymnasiums, lyceums, colleges, universities, city enterprises are the material of this study. Reactions to the “school-leaving certificate” stimulus were revealed in the framework of the experiment and the cores of associative fields were determined. To model them, the method of constructing a free associative field with the identification of the core and periphery, and the comparative method for comparing the resulting associative fields with each other were used. We identified basic propositions, on the basis of which reactions were distributed among cognitive layers according to the method of N. I. Kurganova.

Концепт ВЕРА и религиозный дискурс: влияние медиа

The paper examines the relationship between the mass media and religion, as well as the features of religious discourse and its basic concepts. The Russian religious media discourse is analysed in more detail, its main genres are currently sermon, solemn speech, lecture, interview, author’s programme and its main concept around which various national scripts are built is the FAITH concept. The aim of the study is to identify the characteristics of basic concepts, as well as the semantic load of the FAITH concept in various types of religious discourse, including media discourse. The scientific novelty of the study lies in considering in a systematic manner the FAITH concept in religious media discourse and identifying differences from its explication in other types of religious discourse (biblical, patristic), as well as in the mass national everyday consciousness. As a result, it has been proved that the FAITH concept (belief in the existence of God) in biblical and patristic discourses is a basic value, but it is presented as an axiom in contrast to the Russian religious media discourse. The lack of coalescence of the FAITH concept with the RELIGION concept in the Russian language consciousness has been revealed. The connotative semes of the FAITH concept are expressed in the Russian Orthodox media discourse through such oppositions as LOVE - HATE, FASTING - DIET, WISDOM - RATIONAL MIND etc.

THE USE OF NON-EQUIVALENT VOCABULARY IN THE NOVELS “FOR WHOM THE BELL TOLLS” BY E. HEMINGWAY AND “SPANISH DIARY” BY M. KOLTSOV: A CONTRASTIVE ASPECT

In the period of the development of the world, vanishing of the borders between countries, mass migration of people and unstable global military and political climate there is an urgent need to pay extra attention and research efforts to the intercultural communication between peoples. Intercultural literacy and awareness can help people reduce different conflicts between nations, standardise life and culture, avoid culture shock while travelling, and improve geopolitical situation on the world arena. Literature is a powerful tool for writers to present their ethnical culture by means of endowing characters with some specific cultural attributes and creating bright stylistic effect of their novels. Thus, it leads to the inevitable usage of foreign and non-equivalent vocabulary in various literary works. 
 This paper studies both the usage of non-equivalent vocabulary in the interpretation and evaluation of the image of Spain during The Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) in the language consciousness of the representatives of the American and Soviet ethnical groups, as well as the way non-equivalent vocabulary creates intercultural atmosphere. The research has shown an excessive use of non-equivalent words, barbarian words and exoticisms in the novels under analysis. Much attention was drawn to the categories these words can be divided into, to the functions they perform in the conveying of the Spanish image and methods of interpretation of non-equivalent vocabulary in the novels by the authors, American and Soviet social characteristics and traditions. The results demonstrated the ability of the non-equivalent vocabulary not only to present information of their original culture but also to characterise the authors themselves as the elite representatives of their ethno-national groups.

ТРАДИЦІЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО СЛОВНИЦТВА ІВАНА ОГІЄНКА У «ГРАМАТИЧНО-СТИЛІСТИЧНОМУ СЛОВНИКУ ШЕВЧЕНКОВОЇ МОВИ

In the article the theoretical and practical achievements of Ivan Ohiienko in the fi eld of lexicography, the basic principles of dictionary work, embodied in the «Grammatic and stylistic dictionary of the Shevchenko’s language» are analyzed.Ohiienko made a signifi cant contribution to the development and methodol-ogy of the Ukrainian dictionary works, raised and practically solved a number of lexicographic prob lems. He is the author of about two dozen dictionaries devoted to various aspects of the language, focused on practicality, ease of use, simplic-ity, clarity of presentation, illustrativeness, on the other hand, on deep theoreti-cal, evidentiary, breadth of the source base. «Grammatic and stylistic dictionary of the Shevchenko’s language» is the only one in Ohiienko’s works, dedicated to the individual style of the writer, bearer of national consciousness, connoisseur and creator of the Ukrainian literary language. In the monographic section, the author comprehensively substantiates the appeal to the poet’s work, characterizes the features of the Shevchenko’s style in detail.The dictionary articles contain an analysis of linguistic and stylistic features, spelling, phonetic and morphological variability of the text units of «Kobzar». The practical and reference nature of the publication led to the use of cross-ref-erences, partially nested structure of articles. All this ensures the informational integrity of the dictionary, reveals paradigmatic and derivational links of units. The grammatical description shows the dynamics of linguistic forms, fo-cuses on those recommended for use, illustrates the compositional techniques and structure of Shevchenko’s text. Stylistic – regulates the norm of word usage, informs about the origin of words, the specifi cs of the implementation of univer-sal contents, in general determines the arsenal of Shevchenko’s means of verbal expression, aesthetic modifi cation of expressive means.Rarely used headline words, unknown or incomprehensible to readers, oc-casionalisms, polysemantic words and homonyms are subject to interpretation. Some are accompanied by ethno-psychological, cultural, etymological, modal-evaluative comments. The passportization of registered words serves as a means of their connec-tion with the text of «Kobzar», encourages the reader to turn to the original work, demonstrates the frequency of elements in Shevchenko’s individual style.Therefore, the dictionary is rightfully considered to be a valuable source of information on the history of the formation and development of the modern Ukrainian literary language, a practical guide and reference for its study.

Introduction to Psycholinguistic Theory of Intercultural Communication

The author analyzes intercultural communication (IC): the speech activity to organize joint activities in a multicultural environment. In course of communication within a single culture, communicants produce speech messages that involve only linguistic signs bodies and require common consciousnesses for understanding. The speaker presents the reality with images of one’s verbally modeled consciousness to the recipient for perception; the latter uses this model to construct the perceived message content from the one’s consciousness images. The sign communication suggests a common language and images of consciousness. There isn’t seen any common consciousness in IC results in cognitive conflicts requiring instructive training to develop common consciousness and language, or an intermediary (interpreter) as a bearer of the proper consciousness. Understanding in IC requires preliminary definitions of key words in speech messages. Understanding with non-linguistic consciousness images among bearers of different ethnic cultures requires a preliminary acquaintance with these images. The theoretical underpinning of understanding in IC can involve A.N. Leontiev’s world image theory and the three-level model of the consciousness image by A.N. Leontiev - V.P. Zinchenko, including existential, reflective and spiritual levels. The world image is knowledge developed by an ethnic culture bearer in the enculturation to navigate in the reality. The existential level contains cognitive means providing for the orientation in the ethnic environment, at the reflexive level, the knowledge about reality ensures the ethnic survival in this reality. At the spiritual level, the consciousness bearer communicates with other individuals resulting in a human attitude to reality.

Language Play and Linguistic and Cognitive Modeling of Reality – Real and Imagined (as Exemplified in Carroll L. «Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There»)

The problem of linguistic description of a literary text, where the main place is given to play techniques, is relevant and of keen interest. The effect of playing with words, as a special form of linguistic creativity, creates a sense of intellectual obstacle, the overcoming of which gives great pleasure. Language play is not only an opportunity to realize linguistic meanings, but also a form of comprehension and cognition of the world. The study of the linguistic and cognitive mechanism, modeling reality, is promising in terms of the study of linguistic means, determining communicative situations. The aim of the article is to identify and comprehensively analyze the linguistic means involved in modeling real and imagined reality. The material of the research is examples of wordplay of L. Carroll's work fragment. Basic methods of research are analysis, synthesis, method of linguistic description. The methods of observation, contextual and stylistic analysis revealed the types of language play that give a special expressiveness, comic effect, created consciously and paradoxically. Using the system-descriptive method, the method of lexico-semantic analysis, the author identified linguistic means of reality modeling: verbs of orientation in space, verbs of cognition, intellectual activity, modal verbs expressing emotional state; comparative constructions, idioms, containing basic axiomatics of language consciousness, leading to ambiguity with simultaneous realization of literal and figurative meanings. Semantic analysis of phrasal verbs with post-verbs showed the results of their meanings reinterpretation in the context of communicative situations. Within the framework of polysemy a choice of meanings associated with the parameters of a given situation is provided. A special role is played by metaphors, in which the play of words is enclosed. They create new meanings from fragments of subjective experience. In conclusion, it is assumed that when new meanings are generated as a result of semantic anomalies or paradoxes, the identified linguistic means, describing the real and imagined reality, set the parameters of the situation, and can be considered as codes, extracting the underlying meanings and differentiating communicative situations.

Bilingualism in Ukraine and the Problems of National Identity

The article clarifies the terminological basis of the study of bilingualism in Ukraine and proposes a consistent demarcation of individual or collective bearer of the sign when using concepts such as mono-, bi- and polylingualism, dominant language, etc. to prevent erroneous conclusions or deliberate manipulation of language issues. Based on the results of the 2001 census and a statistically significant mass survey in 2017, the features of ethnic and linguistic self-identification of Ukrainian citizens in the early twentieth century were analysed and its regional specificity was determined. In the issue, the first results of an online survey of Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) and locals, in connection with the war in Ukraine, are presented, which show significant shifts in the language consciousness of Russian-speaking citizens of Ukraine.

Metaphysical Thinking as Transcendence

The article aims to substantiate the genesis of consciousness and self-consciousness through metaphysical thinking. Metaphysical thinking is explicated as a transcendence that a priori determines every possible object of consciousness. In this sense, metaphysical thinking determines a priori the unity of existence. Existence is explicated as a unity of the interpretive models of consciousness. Thus, metaphysical thinking is seen as a function of the transcendent unity that is the a priori truth of the consciousness’ genesis. The logical relation between metaphysical thinking and consciousness is expressed by asymmetric implication. In this way, existence in the language of consciousness is phenomenologized. Thus arises the ontological understanding of existence. In this sense, metaphysical thinking determines the transcendental form of consciousness and the ontological form of existence.