Langmuir Hinshelwood Hougen Watson Model Research Articles

Process optimisation and kinetic study for esterification of levulinic acid and n‐butanol using sulfonated titania–zirconia heterogeneous catalyst

AbstractBackgroundButyl levulinate (BL) was produced by the esterification of levulinic acid (LA) and n‐butanol (BOH) using a sulfonated nanocomposite of titania–zirconia as catalyst. A full factorial design was employed for studying the effects of reaction time, mole ratio and catalyst loading on LA conversion.ResultsThe synthesised catalyst was subjected to various characterisation techniques such as X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, temperature‐programmed desorption and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray analysis indicating the presence of a nanocrystalline structure with good surface area and good stability at the operating temperature. The experimental data were analysed using the response surface method, and a complete quadratic regression model was built. The LA conversion was 85.37% for the optimised reaction conditions of 1:7 mole ratio, a catalyst loading of 1 wt% and a reaction time of 5 h at 110 °C. Based on the Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson model, a kinetic model was developed. The activation energy was found to be 20.4 ± 0.8 kJ mol−1 from an Arrhenius plot. Reusability and leaching results are also reported.ConclusionThe catalyst exhibited good reusability and stability. Sulfonated TiO2–ZrO2 used to catalyse the reaction between LA and BOH to produce BL has proved to be a good candidate as a green catalyst. The results presented play an important part in directing subsequent research and commercialisation activities aimed at valorising LA to fuel additive. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Intrinsic kinetics of catalytic hydrogenation of 2-nitro-4-acetylamino anisole to 2-amino-4-acetylamino anisole over Raney nickel catalyst

The catalytic hydrogenation of 2-nitro-4-acetylamino anisole (NMA) is a less-polluting and efficient method to produce 2-amino-4-acetamino anisole (AMA). However, the kinetics of catalytic hydrogenation of NMA to AMA remains obscure. In this work, the kinetic models including power-law model and Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) model of NMA hydrogenation to AMA catalyzed by Raney nickel catalyst were investigated. All experiments were carried out under the elimination of mass transfer resistance within the temperature range of 70–100 °C and the hydrogen pressure of 0.8–1.5 MPa. The reaction was found to follow 0.52-order kinetics with respect to the NMA concentration and 1.10-order kinetics in terms of hydrogen pressure. Based on the LHHW model, the dual-site dissociation adsorption of hydrogen was analyzed to be the rate determining step. The research of intrinsic kinetics of NMA to AMA provides the guidance for the reactor design and inspires the catalyst modification.

Synthesis of n‐octyl acetate over fly ash cenosphere supported 10‐tungsto‐2‐vanadophosphoric acid (H5PW10V2O40) as a heterogeneous catalyst: Kinetic study

AbstractA 10‐tungsto‐2‐vanadophosphoric acid (H5PW10V2O40) catalyst was prepared, supported on pre‐treated fly ash cenosphere (FAC) by the wet impregnation method, and characterized by analytical methods like Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), x‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The prepared catalyst H5PW10V2O40/FAC was used to synthesize n‐octyl acetate in the batch reactor. The influence of various reaction parameters on conversion was investigated and optimized. The maximum conversion of 81.43% was obtained at optimal conditions, that is, temperature 383 K, catalyst loading 5% (w), molar ratio 1:2 (acetic acid to n‐octyl alcohol), speed of agitation 400 rpm, and molecular sieves 6% (w). The H5PW10V2O40/FAC catalyst recyclability shows that it can be used up to four reaction cycles. The reaction progress was represented by the pseudo second‐order homogeneous (PH) model, and the energy of activation of the reaction was computed as 28.89 kJ/mol. The heterogeneous kinetic models, such as Langmuir Hinshelwood Hougen Watson (LHHW) and Eley–Rideal (ER), were also used to test kinetic data. It was seen that the LHHW model with reactant and product gave the best fit for the experimental data.

Catalytic hydrogenation of p-nitroanisole over Raney nickel for p-aminoanisole synthesis: Intrinsic kinetics studies

The understanding of intrinsic kinetics was crucial in guiding reactor design. However, the intrinsic kinetics of catalytic hydrogenation of p-nitroanisole (PNA) to p-aminoanisole remains obscure. In this work, the kinetic characteristics were experimentally and theoretically investigated under various experimental conditions. From the power law analysis of the initial reaction rate, the reaction order was found to be from 0.34 (at 343 K) to 0.53 (at 353 K) for hydrogen and 0.31∼ 0.34 for PNA (at concentrations less than 90 g·L−1), while the reaction was considered to be zero-order under higher PNA concentration (>90 g·L−1). The data was also used to fit Eley-Rideal and Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) models. It was found that the rate-controlling step was the adsorption of dual-site dissociative H2 based on LHHW model. The accuracy of the screened model was verified by correlation, between the predicted data and experimental data. This study could provide significant guidance for the hydrogenation reaction and reactor.

Kinetics of glycerol dehydration-hydrogenation reaction in the vapor phase in a fixed bed down flow tubular reactor over a bi-functional Cu-Zn/MgO catalyst

Kinetic models were developed for the vapor phase hydrogenolysis of glycerol in a fixed bed down flow tubular reactor over a highly stable bi-functional Cu-Zn/MgO catalyst. The kinetic experiments were conducted at atmospheric pressure, at different temperatures (200–220 °C), and contact time (W/FGo) (101.5–609 kgcat. h kmol−1), respectively. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) and Eley-Rideal (ER) type kinetic models were tried considering a two-step glycerol dehydration-hydrogenation process. The model equations were solved in MATLAB by using the ode23 function and the kinetic parameters were optimized by using the genetic algorithm optimization technique. The activation energy for the dehydration and hydrogenation steps was found to be 57.73 ± 10 kJ/mol and 156.71 ± 10 kJ/mol from LHHW kinetic model and 82.6 ± 8.3 kJ/mol and 146.2 ± 3.9 kJ/mol from ER kinetic model, respectively. Results demonstrated that both the models were fitted very well with the experimental data generated. However, the parity plots of the simulated and experimental partial pressure of glycerol, acetol, and 1,2-PD suggested that ER model was more appropriate as compared to the LHHW model.

Mechanism of Electrocatalytic Wet Air Oxidation of PPCPs over Solid Catalysts: Kinetic Insight with a Universal Model

Electrocatalytic wet air oxidation (ECWAO) is a novel wet air oxidation technology using an anodic electric field to stimulate oxygen for catalytic oxidation of water pollutants at ambient condition. Herein, a mechanistic kinetic model is established based on the degradation of bisphenol A in an ECWAO process with manganese oxide (MnOx) catalysts, and the general applicability of the model is verified by triclosan degradation over a Ni@NiO catalyst and sulfamethoxazole degradation over a MnMoOx catalyst. Elementary steps involved in solid-catalyzed reaction and the assistant role of anodic electric field in the catalysis are taken into consideration. A group of kinetic equations based on the Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson (LHHW) or Eley–Rideal (ER) rate laws are evaluated using the criteria of the minimization of the residual sum of squares and average error. The results show that the ECWAO reaction is best described by the LHHW model in which the surface reaction between adsorbed oxygen and adsorbed organic molecules is the rate-determining step. The key parameters controlling ECWAO reaction kinetics are the adsorption equilibrium constant of oxygen and rate constant of the surface reaction. According to the kinetic model, the reaction rates of organic pollutants are nearly linear dependent upon their concentrations within a certain range. With the increment of the circuit current, the reaction rates of organic pollutants first rise, then reach a plateau, and finally decline. The mechanistic kinetic model proves to be applicable for interpreting and predicting the ECWAO rates of organics over the transition metal oxide catalysts.

Steam reforming of phenol toward cleaner hydrogen production over bimetallic Ni/Ti modified zinc titanate perovskite in tandem with a kinetic model development

Hydrogen as a clean energy carrier with high heat combustion and zero environmental impacts is an attractive alternative to fossil fuels. In this study, NiO/TiO2 modified ZnTiO3 perovskite (NTZ) with high reducibility catalyst was designated by co-precipitation method and examined in the reaction of steam reforming of phenol (SRP) for H2 production. The activity tests for SRP were carried out in a fixed bed reactor (FBR) under different operating conditions. The NTZ-composite consisting of NiO/TiO2 loaded ZnTiO3 perovskite achieved the highest yield of H2 and phenol conversion of ~76 and 90%, respectively, with excellent durability and time on stream (50 h) stability without obvious deactivation. The high exposed active sites of NiO/TiO2 metals over the bi-metal support (ZnTiO3) and the metal-support interaction significantly improved the catalytic performance. The products distribution of H2, CO2, and CO as a measure of the dominant reactions; SRP, water gas shift (WGS), and reverse water gas shift (RWGS) were correlated to kinetic models and developed according to Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) expressions. LHHW model accurately fitting the experimental results with surface reactions as the kinetic limitations. SRP reaction revealed the highest rate constant of 21.70 mol g-cat−1 h−1 atm−1 with 39.96 kJ mol-1 activation energy. NTZ is a promising catalyst for the SRP reaction toward H2 production with minimum kinetic limitations and would be promising in the clean energy production and other environmental applications.

Catalytic and kinetic study of the liquid-phase oxidation of lactose over Au/Al2O3 nanostructured catalysts in a monolithic stirrer reactor

The liquid-phase oxidation of lactose (LA) to lactobionic acid (LB) was studied over Au(2 %)/Al2O3 nanostructured catalyst. Catalytic tests were carried out at 65 °C, varying O2 partial pressures in the range of 0.21−1 bar and LA initial concentrations between 0.007 and 0.089 M. In all of the cases, the selectivity to LB was always 100 %. It was observed that the trends for the LA conversion (XLA) with time depends on the ratio of catalyst weight to initial LA moles W/nLA0 and the initial LA concentration CLA0. Experimental data were interpreted by kinetic modelling applying pseudo-homogeneous and Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) models. It was found that irreversible surface oxidation of LA rules the reaction rate when W/nLA0= 30 g mol−1. At the early stages, the reaction rates did not depend on the LA concentration, and thus the reaction order with respect to LA was zero. In this case, an LHHW model considering total coverage of the active sites gives a very good fitting of the experimental data. As LA was consumed, the progress of conversion with time is different for each case and the reaction order changes to positive. Now, a better fitting is obtained with an LHHW model in which partial coverage of the active sites is considered. When liquid phase was diluted in LA and W/nLA0= 95 g mol−1, the LA chemisorption becomes the controlling step. Therefore, the results obtained by kinetic modelling helped to explain the dependence of LA oxidation rate with CLA0 and W/nLA0.

Preparation of n-amyl acetate via esterification of acetic acid and n-amyl alcohol using [HSO3-pmim][HSO4]/SiO2 as catalyst: Catalyst preparation, characterization and reaction kinetics

In order to present a green method to produce n-amyl acetate, a novel supported ionic liquids (ILs) catalyst [HSO3-pmim][HSO4]/SiO2 was synthesized by sol–gel method and was used to catalyze the esterification reaction of acetic acid and n-amyl alcohol. The kinetic equations for the esterification were established based on ideal quasi homogeneous (IQH) model and Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) model. The parameters in the equations were obtained from kinetic experimental data fit using fourth order to fifth order Runge-Kutta algorithm. The morphology, surface elements, structural stability, pore diameter, specific surface area, thermal stability and distribution of acid strength of the fabricated catalysts were characterized in detail, while immobilization yield, corrosiveness and stability of the catalyst were also evaluated. The reaction kinetic performances of [HSO3-pmim][HSO4]/SiO2 were compared with conventional catalysts like sulfuric acid, P-toluenesulfonic acid, [HSO3-pmim][HSO4] and [HSO3-pmim][HSO4]/Silica gel by the reaction kinetic experiments. The equilibrium conversion of acetic acid in the presence of [HSO3-pmim][HSO4]/SiO2 was increased by 10.8% after immobilization. The mean absolute squared error of the kinetic equations of the esterification based on LHHW model and IQH model were 3.87 × 10-5 and 1.49 × 10-4 respectively. LHHW model based on the solid–liquid reaction mechanism were in better agreement with the experimental results. This concept of recyclable supported IL catalyst provides promising applications prospects for the industrial production of n-amyl acetate.

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Study on the Catalysis of Isoamyl Acetate by a Cation-Exchange Resin in an Intensified Fixed-Bed Reactor.

Kinetics and thermodynamics of esterification by a cation-exchange resin in an intensified fixed-bed reactor was studied systematically. The resin type, catalyst loading, volume flow rate, initial molar ratio, temperature, and catalyst reusability were studied and optimized. The nonideality of the reaction system was corrected by the UNIFAC group contribution method. The ΔrH0, ΔrS0, and ΔrG0 of the reaction were acquired by two methods. The pseudo-homogeneous (PH) model and the Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson (LHHW) model were adopted to simulate the kinetic process. The result indicated that the LHHW model was better suited to simulate the kinetic process than the PH model.

Methane dry reforming over nickel-based catalysts: insight into the support effect and reaction kinetics

The nickel-based catalysts supported on MgO-modified α-Al2O3, CeO2, and SBA-15 were prepared by impregnation method and investigated by N2 physisorption measurements, powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, H2 temperature-programmed reduction, CO2 temperature-programmed desorption, and transmission electron microscopy. Investigation of the kinetics of the dry reforming of methane (DRM) was carried out in gradientless circulating micro-flow system at atmospheric pressure and temperature range of 600–800 °C. The results showed that carriers have a prominent role in characterising the physico-chemical properties of catalysts such as specific surface area, dispersity of active metal, reducibility and basicity that greatly affect the adsorption feature and activity of NiO catalyst. However, the kinetic equation of DRM on three catalysts was found to be written by a common fractional equation, following a dual-site Langmuir–Hinshelwood Hougen Watson model. The order in the catalyst reducibility and apparent rate constant was observed as follows: NiMg/Al<Ni/Ce<Ni/SBA, while the apparent activation energy (E) is in the opposite order. The highest activity was observed on the catalyst containing 31.2 wt% Ni supported on SBA-15.

Photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac sodium salt: adsorption and reaction kinetic studies

The photocatalytic oxidation of diclofenac, which is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication, with TiO2 illuminated with UV-A light under constant flow of pure oxygen has been investigated in our laboratories to evaluate the effect of initial reactant concentration on the reaction rate. Diclofenac adsorption experiments under dark conditions were also carried out to get information about the interaction between the organic molecule and the solid catalyst. Adsorption experiments at natural pH under dark conditions confirmed that the negatively charged diclofenac molecule is easily adsorbed on the positively charged surface of titania reaching equilibrium in less than 50 min. According to the Langmuir isotherm, the adsorption constant (Keq) and the maximum uptake of diclofenac (qm) on the surface of commercial TiO2 are 21.1401 L mMol−1DFC and 0.04013 mMoles DFC g−1 TiO2, respectively. Experimental results also indicate that the initial reaction rate of the photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac obeys the Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson model with a kinetic constant K1 = 0.08489 min−1 and an adsorption parameter K2 = 14.12821 mM−1L. Combined chemical analysis of the reaction samples by HPLC, TOC, and UV–vis spectroscopy indicated that the diclofenac is efficiently mineralized by photocatalysis via hydroxylation of the aromatic rings to form 2-aminophenol, catechol, benzene-triol, 2,6-dichloroaniline, and fumaric acid, which in turn are completely mineralized to CO2 and water.

A simple coupled ANNs‐RSM approach in modeling product distribution of Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis using a microchannel reactor with Ru‐promoted Co/Al 2 O 3 catalyst

A simple approach using hybrid artificial neural networks (ANNs)-response surface methodology (RSM) was developed to model the detailed product distribution using Ru-promoted cobalt-based catalyst with Al2O3 as the support in a microchannel reactor for Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis. Using the independent process parameters for training, the established model is capable of predicting hydrocarbon production distributions, ie, paraffin formation rate (C2-C15) and olefin to paraffin ratio (OPR C2-C15) within acceptable uncertainties. The ANNs-RSM model and comprehensive mechanistic model using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) approach were compared to identify a few inherent advantages of the proposed model in modeling complex FT synthesis. The proposed ANNs-RSM model shows its appealing merits, ie, faster converge and higher accuracy (less than ±10% uncertainties was achieved from ANNs-RSM model, while LHHW model achieved less than ±15% uncertainties except a few exceptional high errors uncertainties at certain experimental conditions). The statistical significances to the product distributions and hydrocarbon formation rate during FT synthesis could be easily identified and quantitatively analyzed by the established ANNs-RSM model. The future effective alternative of kinetic study of the complex system such as FT synthesis in the microstructured reactor might follow the methods of using empirical reliable approach for process optimization together with mechanistic kinetic study for detailed reaction pathway discrimination.

Synthesis and characterization of sulfonic acid functionalized mesoporous SBA-15: application in esterification reaction

The aim of our work was to synthesize a sulfonic acid functionalized SBA-15 catalyst in a single step process. For the characterization, we used nitrogen adsorption–desorption (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effectiveness of the synthesized solid acid catalyst was checked on a model esterification reactions of benzoic and myristic acid with methanol. All reactions were carried out in an automated batch reactor system at different temperatures and different mass of the catalyst. The benzoic acid esterification catalysed with the functionalized catalyst SBA-15 was successfully described by the first order kinetic expression and myristic acid by the Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson model.

Balance between model detail and experimental information in steam methane reforming over a Ni/MgO‐SiO2 catalyst

The optimization and full understanding of chemical reactions is aided by the construction of an adequate kinetic model. The development of such a kinetic model remains a challenging task. To tackle this challenge in the most efficient way, an iterative, systematic methodology, originally demonstrated for n‐hexane hydroisomerization, is now extended aiming at finding the balance between the envisaged model detail and available information, often originating from time‐consuming and expensive experiments. Steam methane reforming on the Ni/MgO‐SiO2 case study is used for this purpose, that is, the construction of a kinetic model that embeds a maximum amount of information contained in the dataset. The kinetic model is expanded stepwise from a power law model over a model with reactant adsorption toward a Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson model. The performance of the initially underparameterized model improved significantly by adding reactant adsorption, yet including product adsorption led to overparameterization rather than enhanced model performance. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 1222–1233, 2019

Selective Synthesis of Hydrocinnamaldehyde over Bimetallic Ni–Cu Nanocatalyst Supported on Graphene Oxide

Hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde yields hydrocinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, and hydrocinnamyl alcohol, all having important applications in different industries. The selective synthesis of hydrocinnamaldehyde, which is a perfumery compound, from cinnamaldehyde is challenging. In the current work, bimetallic nanocatalyst Ni–Cu supported on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was prepared via the solvothermal method. Different combinations of Ni–Cu@RGO were used for the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde in methanol as a solvent at 20 bar and 150 °C. Ni–Cu ratio was altered to understand its influence on the selectivity of the desired product hydrocinnamaldehyde. Hydrogenation of C═C bond over the C═O bond was favored over 5% Ni–Cu@RGO catalyst in the optimized ratio of Ni:Cu (1:1). Optimization of process parameters and characterization of fresh and reused catalyst was performed. The Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson model was used to fit the reaction data. The catalyst is robust and reusable, and the process is ...

Kinetic models of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction over granule-type Pt-promoted Co/Al2O3 catalyst

Kinetic models of CO hydrogenation to paraffinic hydrocarbons through Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction were studied by using Langmuir-Hinshelwood Hougen-Watson (LHHW) model of 16 different reaction steps with a pseudo steady-state assumption (PSSA) on the prototype Pt-promoted Co/Al2O3 catalyst having a granule size of ∼1 mm of spherical γ-Al2O3 support (surface area of 149m2/g). The derived kinetic models from ten sets of experimental data by altering the reaction conditions such as temperatures, pressures, space velocities and H2/CO molar ratios were found to be well fitted with reasonable kinetic parameters and small errors of conversion of CO and hydrocarbon distributions in terms of mean absolute relative residual (MARR) and relative standard deviation error (RSDE). The derived reaction rates and CO activation energy of -86 kJ/mol well correspond to the our previously reported results using power-type catalysts. Based on the LHHW model with PSSA, the possible chemical intermediates on the granule ball-type Co-Pt/Al2O3 surfaces were precisely considered to explain the typical adsorption, initiation, propagation and termination steps of FTS reaction as well as to derive elementary reaction rates with their kinetic parameters and hydrocarbon distributions. The derived kinetic models were further used to verify temperature-profiles in a pilot-scale fixed-bed tubular FTS reactor with a packing depth of 100 cm catalyst, and it confirmed that the temperature gradients were less than 10 °C in a length of reactor by effectively removing the generated heat by an exothermic FTS reaction.

Development of Kinetic Model for Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol over Cu/MgO Catalyst in a Slurry Reactor

Kinetics of the liquid phase hydrogenolysis of glycerol was investigated over 35 wt % Cu/MgO catalyst in a slurry batch reactor. The power law and Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson (LHHW) models were tried to fit the experimental data. To develop the kinetic model, a new reaction mechanism is proposed. To simulate the experimental concentration–time data, the set of differential equations were developed and solved numerically by using ode23 stiff system coupled with the genetic algorithm optimization technique. Kinetic parameters were estimated by minimizing the residual sum of squares between the predicted and experimental concentrations of glycerol, 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO), and ethylene glycol (EG). Power law showed that hydrogenolysis of glycerol over 35 wt % Cu/MgO catalyst followed the overall reaction order of 1.2 with respect to glycerol with an activation energy of 84.9 kJ/mol. The LHHW model satisfactorily correlated the rate data, and this model showed good fit between the experimental and calculated concentration of glycerol as well as products.

Kinetic Study of Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Using a Co/CNTs Catalyst

The intrinsic kinetics of the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis reaction in the conversion of synthesis gas into liquid hydrocarbons in a spinning basket reactor over a cobalt catalyst supported on carbon nanotubes were studied. The catalyst was synthesised by the impregnation wetness technique and the reactor tests were done at 215–245 °C, 20 bar, a H2/CO molar ratio of 2 and a gas hourly space velocity of 2.4–12 Nl gcat−1 h−1. To develop an appropriate kinetic model for syngas consumption, five different mechanisms were considered as possibilities for the Fischer–Tropsch reaction, each with a rate-determining step. The rate equations obtained were based on the Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson model and statistical analyses were used for comparing the resulting values. The activation energies were found to be limited within the range 89–145 kJ mol−1 and the adsorption constants of hydrogen and carbon monoxide were in the range −32 to −76 kJ mol−1 and −13 to −64 kJ mol−1 respectively.

Kinetic Studies of Free Fatty Acid Esterification using Cation Exchange Resins as Catalyst

Objective: The aim of this work is to study the kinetics of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) esterification using cation exchange resins with different polymer structure arrangement as catalysts. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this current work, cation exchange resins (i.e. Sulphonated Hypercrosslinked Exchange Resin (SHER), RCP160M and SK104H) were employed as catalysts in free fatty acid (FFA) esterification of Simulated Used Cooking Oil (SUCO). The kinetic models, pseudohomogenous (PH), Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) and Eley-Rideal (ER) model were used to correlate the experimental data. The kinetic parameters i.e., the rate constant, adsorption coefficients and activation energy were determined using the non-linear regression analysis in POLYMATH 6.10 program. Findings: The kinetic results revealed that the esterification reaction of SUCO using SHER was successfully fitted with LHHW model, whereas for RCP160M and SK104H the experimental data was well fitted by the ER model (Case II) and ER model (Case I) respectively. The activation energy, Ea was observed to be 48.8, 37.2 and 45.3 kJ mol -1 for SHER, RCP160M and SK104H, which the reaction step were governed by chemical step (Ea> 15 kJ mol -1 ) and there is no mass transfer limitation occurred during the reaction. Application/Improvements: From the findings, the newly synthesized SHER was found to be a promising catalyst in the esterification of FFA.