Landscape Project Research Articles

Phytoremediation by ornamental plants: a beautiful and ecological alternative.

Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly and economical technology in which plants are used for the removal of contaminants presents in the urban and rural environment. One of the challenges of the technique is the proper destination of the biomass of plants. In this context, the use of ornamental plants in areas under contamination treatment improves landscape, serving as a tourist option and source of income with high added value. In addition to their high stress tolerance, rapid growth, high biomass production, and good root development, ornamental species are not intended for animal and human food consumption, avoiding the introduction of contaminants into the food web in addition to improving the environments with aesthetic value. Furthermore, ornamental plants provide multiple ecosystem services, and promote human well-being, while contributing to the conservation of biodiversity. In this review, we summarized the main uses of ornamental plants in phytoremediation of contaminated soil, air, and water. We discuss the potential use of ornamental plants in constructed buffer strips aiming to mitigate the contamination of agricultural lands occurring in the vicinity of sources of contaminants. Moreover, we underlie the ecological and health benefits of the use of ornamental plants in urban and rural landscape projects. This study is expected to draw attention to a promising decontamination technology combined with the beautification of urban and rural areas as well as a possible alternative source of income and diversification in horticultural production.

Before Meeting the Greeks: Kutaisi Influence in Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Colchian Settlements

ABSTRACT This contribution synthesizes the results of the Kutaisi Archaeological Landscape Project (KALP), focusing on the analysis of the development of settlement patterns in the Colchis lowlands during the 2nd and 1st millennia b.c. The targeted excavations carried out within the urban center of Kutaisi provide new information regarding earthen architectural practices, raw material procurement, and defensive structures that characterized the area in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages. The three sites identified within the Kutaisi urban area, Gabashvili, Dateshidze, and Bagrati, are analyzed in detail to provide fresh insights on settlement structure and typology. They also present distinctive vernacular architectural traditions that make the role of Kutaisi in the region essential to understanding Late Bronze/Early Iron Age building practices, their continuity over time, and their environmental sustainability.

The First Traditional Gardening Art in the "Garden" Style Built on the Territory of Uzbekistan

A thorough study of the art of gardening in the style of Garden on the territory of Uzbekistan, determination of the periods of creation of gardens, their graphic restoration and development of modern landscaping projects, adaptation of such gardens to modern requirements.

The Landscape Project as a Political Project – Practical and Theoretical Lessons Learned on the Creation of an Inhabitant Landscape Cooperative in the Region of Haute Gironde

Cette communication se propose de mettre en récit, critique et réflexif, une trajectoire paysagiste fondée sur un rapport politique au projet de paysage qui aboutit aujourd’hui à interroger les possibles interactions entre savoirs scientifiques, savoirs habitants et projet de paysage. Cette mise en perspective permet d’éclairer une expérimentation visant à mettre en place une Coopérative habitante de paysage (CHP). Cette Coopérative a pour objectif de rassembler différents collectifs socio-écologiques agissants pour franchir le seuil, à la fois épistémologique et pratique, qui s’impose aujourd’hui lorsque l’on veut traiter de façon intégrée les questions liées à l’urbanisation et au développement des territoires et celles relatives à la protection et à la valorisation des environnements et des paysages. Le cadre de cette expérimentation est une recherche doctorale conduite par l’auteur, paysagiste doctorant, en Haute Gironde, intitulée « Cohabiter les marges territoriales. Fondements et orientations d’un projet de paysage coopératif et expérimental en Haute Gironde ». L’horizon de cette recherche est de construire, au travers d’une recherche-action pour et par le projet de paysage, un projet coopératif de territoire, fondé sur la possibilité d’une cohabitation féconde entre humains et entre humains et non-humains.

The Evolution of Regulations on Polluted Sites and Soils in France and their Impact on the Development of Landscape Projects in the Rehabilitation of Brownfields

L’objet de cet article est d’analyser l’influence de l’évolution des réglementations sur les sites et sols pollués et sur les aménagements paysagers dans la réhabilitation des friches industrielles impactées. Il invite au développement d’une science du paysagisme qui s’appuie sur la prise en compte des sols pollués en ce qui concerne la conception des projets de réhabilitation. L’hypothèse développée est que l’évolution des réglementations a modifié, au cours des décennies, le rôle, les processus et les composantes des projets de paysage lors des réhabilitations. L’article aborde en premier lieu les débuts de la reconnaissance des risques liés aux sites insalubres en parallèle au développement de la notion de pollution et à la mise en place, à partir des années 1970, des sites d’installations classées pour la protection de l’environnement (ICPE). Il présente ensuite le renforcement des réglementations sur l’ensemble des sites et sols pollués par une politique volontariste à partir des années 1990 et sa consolidation par la loi de 2003 et la circulaire du 8 février 2007.

MASIFICACIÓN DE SISTEMAS SILVOPASTORILES: UN LARGO Y SINUOSO CAMINO

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The global community has recognized silvopastoral systems (SPS) as an alternative to contribute to the resolution of various socio-environmental problems derived from extensive livestock farming, deforestation, climate change and the current pandemic derived from SARS-CoV-2. Its technical and social viability has motivated various sectors of society to promote its massification or scaling. However, although there are important advances in agroforestry and silvopastoral scientific research in southeastern Mexico, there are no works that address the experiences of massification of silvopastoral systems. <strong>Objective:</strong> The objective of this study was to identify the experiences of massification of various projects of SSP, the participation of social actors and the barriers and trade-offs in their implementation in the state of Chiapas (Mexico). <strong>Methodology</strong>: The study considered an analysis period from 2000 to 2020. A review of scientific and technical documents was made, various social actors were interviewed (livestock producers, technicians from international and national development agencies, technicians and advisers from peasant organizations, technicians from non-governmental organizations, academics from research centers and universities) who have promoted SPS and good livestock practices in Chiapas. Two participatory workshops were held. <strong>Results.</strong> A timeline was built and five relevant experiences of massification of SPS in various agroecological regions of Chiapas were analyzed: a) <em>Scolel Té</em> Project, b) Puyacatengo Agreement (Red Selva), c) Sustainable Rural Development Project in Biological Corridors , d) Innovative mechanisms for a cooperation program towards adaptation to climate change in the Sierra Madre and Costa de Chiapas, e) Early Action Initiatives for Mitigation in livestock areas (IAT-REDD +) and e) Agrosilvopastoral Biodiversity and Livestock Landscapes Project Sustainable (BioPaSOS). Various socio-environmental barriers and alliances between multiple social actors are shown. <strong>Implications:</strong> The work makes a contribution to the historicity of the massification processes of SPS and to the process of change in livestock. It is necessary to continue with an in-depth analysis of the social and technological impact that the various massification initiatives shown have had. <strong>Conclusions</strong>: The massification process that occurred between the years of study has shown the importance of alliances between various social sectors (producers-development agencies-academia-Governments), which has allowed the transition from local projects to projects with broad territorial coverage.</p>

Landscaping Project for a Private Garden Plot in the City of Zaporizhzhia

Landscaped areas provide individual, distinctive features and play an important role in shaping the environment of a private garden plot. The authors of the present study developed a landscaping project for a private garden plot at 80 Izmailivska Street, city of Zaporizhzhia. One of the main points of the works was to conduct an inventory of the available plantings. The authors identified the species composition of trees and shrubs located on the landscaping territory. In the project territory, the largest area is occupied by herbaceous cover and is 32.5%, while the smallest area is allocated for tree plantations – only 1.9%. The area under paving and flower beds will be increased at the expense of the territory that is not occupied in the reconstruction project. In the project area, most woody plants require only pruning and are in good condition. Pruning is planned for 10 black mulberry trees (Mórus nígra L.), remnants of a privet hedge (Ligústrum vulgáre), one bush of Vanhoutt Spiraea (Spiraea × vanhouttei (Briot) Zabel.) and one bush of rosehip corymbose (Rosa corymbifera), which have lost their decorative appeal. The formation of plantings in this study aims to create an orderly shape of the crowns of trees and shrubs, which will give them a geometric shape. For decorative purposes, it is also planned to plant the following plants: boxwood tree (Buxus sempervirens var.), iris brazenberry (Iris L. brazenberry), moss phlox (Phlox subulata L.). On the site located to the east of the outbuilding, it is proposed to set up a flower garden from groundcover and flowering plants in a peculiar geometric shape that would follow the shape of the path. On the north-western side of the plot, it is planned to replace the fence with a modular gabion wall covered with rambling vine. The colour of elements of this style should be made in cool, grey tones, white, blue and purple colours are well combined. As a result, it is planned to set up a decorative pond near the arbour, the contour of which will be decorated with smooth stones. The rest of the area is to be covered with a rolled lawn. As a result, an individual and beautiful style of landscape design will be selected for the project area

Salinity and temperature influencing seed germination of Mediterranean Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.): an ecological adaptation to saline environments

In Mediterranean basin, Pinus halepensis Mill. is the dominant conifer used in afforestation and landscape projects. The ecological, aesthetic and commercial benefits make this conifer a precious tree for both woody production and land rehabilitation. Nevertheless, detailed studies on the adaptation of this tree to abiotic environmental constraints in the Mediterranean areas remain limited up until now. Therefore, laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the effects of the interactive impact of temperatures and salinity on the germinability potential of P. halepensis seeds. The cones of P. halepensis used in this experiment were harvested from the Gotaïa forest at Djelfa province, Algeria. The seeds were removed from their cones and surface-sterilized by soaking for five min in 10% NaClO. Seeds were germinated at three temperature regimes (10–20 °C, 15–25 °C and 20–30 °C) and four levels of salinity (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl) at photoperiodic lighting (16 h of light : 8 h of dark). For each treatment 04 replicates of 25 seeds were placed in Petri dish with 5 ml of test solutions. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used for the experiment. Results revealed that the uppermost germinability was recorded in distilled H2O and the progressive enhancement of NaCl significantly (P < 0.001) suppressed germination. At 15–25 °C (dark : light thermoperiod), P. halepensis seeds showed approximately 90% of germination at 0 mM NaCl. However less germination percentage (GP) was obtained at 10–20 °C and 20–30 °C. Values of Timson’s index were also suppressed significantly (P < 0.001) with an increase under salt stress at all thermoperiods but at least at 15–25 °C. These funding suggest that seeding of P. halepensis may be an effective path for rehabilitation of degraded lands where salinity and drought are major features of the arid ecosystems. Yet, this conclusion still needs verification by field experiments. Key words: Pinus halepensis; arid zones; sowing dates; afforestation; salt tolerance

The role of healthcare facilities in the cityscape of post-war Sevastopol

Elaboration of architectural and landscape projects in Sevastopol is first considered through the example of healthcare facilities. Sevastopol hospitals were designed with a pavilion planning system and high-quality landscaping. They became part of a number of residential neighborhoods created in a similar way to garden cities during the revival of the hero city after the Great Patriotic War.

The planning and design of good quality urban parks in China: the perspectives of technical professionals

ABSTRACT Previous studies have identified barriers to investment in good quality urban parks during the planning and design stage, particularly noting the ineffectiveness of planning instruments, a low political will to invest in urban green spaces and constraints in governance operation. The factors that influence the quality of urban parks in the planning and design stages of investment were investigated through interviews with technical professionals who have acted as consultants to local government across China on urban planning and landscape projects. A set of thematic characteristics were identified as shaping the planning and design of good quality urban parks in China: the reliance on quantitative metrics in the contemporary planning context; the linkage between local political will to invest in urban parks, local leaders’ prestige and local administrators’ enthusiasm in governance operation; and local administrators’ equipment with knowledge and effectiveness in communicating with technical professionals.

Conservation and Restoration Prospects of Semi-Natural Plant Communities when Creating Parks in the Southern Russia’s Steppe (a Case Study of the 70th Anniversary of Victory Park)

Preserving the least transformed vegetation cover plots and using them as park zones when expanding urban development areas is one of the most promising areas of urban planning. There is very little experience in creating such parks in steppe regions. This study is the basis for the development project of the first park of this type in the Rostov Region. The goal of the study is to analyze the vegetation cover in the 70thAnniversary of Victory Park to identify valuable plant communities with a high preservation and to include them subsequently in to the Park’s landscape project. For this purpose, we carried out a detailed zoning of the vegetation in the territory, revealed its relationship with the soil cover, the terrain, and the anthropogenic pressure. To collect and process data, we used generally accepted methods of botanical research. We carried out a comparative analysis of the systematic, ecological, and phytocoenotic spectra of the associations identified. In the territory of one land unit, we found coenopopulations of two protected species: Bellevalia sarmatica and Iris pumila. A low wild-grass overgrowing and a relative high abundance of steppe grasses and herbs in some areas of species suggest a likely prospect for the territory to become virgin over the next 10 to 15 years. Based on the results of our study, we have identified areas which, if preserved and maintained, will allow to create close-to-steppe vegetation zones in the Park.

Cooling strategies for thermal comfort in cities: a review of key methods in landscape design.

Under the climate change scenario, the negative impacts of urban heat island (UHI) will exacerbate due to unsustainable urban planning and human activities. Thermal comfort has close relationships with UHI in urban areas. This paper is based on the studies of urban heat island, thermal comfort, microclimate, and urban planning in cities in the recent decade, combined with a method of research into design. The key topics include vegetation and water conditions, the albedo of materials, and urban morphology. By the comparative case studies in landscape projects, the results further reveal that the density of tree canopies, the natural structure and density of ground cover, the form of water features, the color and texture of materials, and the scale of shading structures have different cooling effect and performance in outdoor thermal comfort improvement with specific features in the landscape design. It is also found that there are some external conditions that can influence design determinations in real practices. The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical research methods and evaluation of thermal comfort landscape design elements and to provide guidance for future sustainable city research and landscape design.

History, landscape, and botanical report of a centenary square in Brazil

Abstract Historical research of public spaces provides a better understanding of the social formation and preserve cultural and landscaping heritage. José Bonifácio Square, located in Picacicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil, is an important public space. We carried out a historical survey in the archives of municipal public institutions and a landscape record was done by identifying tree species implanted in the square. We verified a strong church influence in the development of the square landscape project. The first landscaping work occurred in 1885, and it became known as City Public Garden. It presented naturalistic features, using exotic and native species, mainly trees, for landscaping composition. Several modifications and reforms were made from 1885 to 2005. José Bonifácio Square was considered highly diverse (H’ = 3.18) with 151 individuals, distributed in 36 species belonging to 14 botanical families. The native species from Atlantic Forest represented 82.6% of Bignoniaceae, Arecaceae, and Fabaceae species. The high diversity of native species found in José Bonifácio Square allowed us to infer a lower ecological fragility and a higher environmental balance than other Brazilian squares. The analysis of historical information from the years 1885 to 2019 and the analysis of the square’s floristic composition in contemporary times demonstrated José Bonifácio Square’s relevance in forming and conserving Piracicaba’s urban identity.

The Hatnub Quarries Industrial Landscape Survey 2017: Mobile-GIS Ground-truthing of the Satellite Remote-survey

This paper presents the results of the 2017 mobile-GIS survey of 1 km2 around the Hatnub Egyptian alabaster quarries and analysis of the accuracy of the remote-survey of the same area, which was completed in 2016 using satellite imagery. The analysis revealed that remote-survey was a very accurate method for recording archaeological features in clear and unobstructed parts of the desert, while targeted mobile-GIS survey of obscure areas and questionable features was an effective method for reducing inaccuracies in remote-survey data. The results will inform future phases of the Hatnub Industrial Landscape Project and the fieldwork also identified several avenues of future research into routes and roads across the desert.

도시경관에 대한 주민의식 변화 연구 - 전라남도 영암군을 대상으로 -

In this study, we investigated and analyzed changes about the landscape consciousness of Yeongam-gun residents, in chronological order. As a result, the landscape consciousness of 10 years ago and the present has not changed significantly. Also, the residents' consciousness of the Yeongam-gun landscape image has not changed from 10 years ago, and we recognize that it is necessary to preserve and form the natural landscape. As for the problem of urban landscape, the needs of residents for the development of urban infrastructure facilities and the development of tourist spots are higher than 10 years ago, and the problem of each landscape element is found as the formation and management of a road environment. It was found that the degree of satisfaction with the Yeongam landscape is generally below average, compared to 10 years ago. Residents' willingness to participate in landscape projects has changed as the number of respondents who do not want to participate has increased compared to 10 years ago, and the project method must be promoted by residents / administration / experts as one. The awareness is judged as administrative agencies need to change from the role of regulation-oriented in the past to the role of resident support and cooperation.

Tarihi Çevre Yenileme Çalışmaları: Murat Paşa Cami Örneği

Original buildings in historical urban environments that have witnessed history are one of our most important cultural heritages. These structures are an important tool that transfers historical information to the next generation. In this study, historical mosque gardens are discussed within the scope of historical environmental renewal works. Literature research about Muratpaşa Mosque, which is handled in this context, and field and field observations were carried out and its current situation was analyzed. Within the scope of environmental renewal, the landscape project covering the historical building environment, reinforcement elements, plant materials were evaluated and suggestions were made.

ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ САДІВ ПРИ ОФІСНИХ КОМПЛЕКСАХ

The policy of sustainability is a trend that have become very popular around the world and continue to evolve. However, if a few decades ago the public attention was focused on the environment, now it is gradually moving to human. Harmonization of the human relations with the environment and support of his well-being mean preventing socially negative phenomena and a contribution to maintaining the balance of anthropogenic and natural factors. «People first places», is the slogan of the International WELL Building Institute (IWBI), which introduced the international WELL standard. At the heart of the standard there is the idea that the space has an impact on human health and mind. The architectural landscape is a link between the natural and anthropogenic components. According to the WELL standard, the designed object must provide a connection between man and place. Landscaping of adjacent areas of office complexes has a positive effect on the condition of employees, creates a comfortable environment. The design of office gardens is quite common in the world, but depending on the geographical location and cultural background has its characteristic features. Unfortunately, now in Ukraine landscape projects of this type are rare cases rather than a common practice.

Jacquemontia sandwicensis ‘Puhala Bay’: A Compact Maui Island Selection of Pā‘ūohi‘iaka with Gray-green Wavy Leaves

The demand for native plants in Hawaii has increased in the past two decades as a result of state laws that promote their use in publicly funded landscaping projects. In 2015, a revised bill called Act 233(15) was passed and sets a timeline for increasing the minimum percentage of native plants in designs and specifications from 10% by 1 Jan. 2019 to 35% by 1 Jan. 2030 (Hawaii State Legislature, 2015). In addition, the law also specifies that wherever and whenever possible, plants used for projects should be sourced from the island or ahupua‘a (a Hawaiian system of subdividing land) where it is found or known to occur. As a result of these revisions, the demand for source-identified Hawaiian plant selections is expected to increase. Collection, selection, and evaluation of island-specific phenotypes must be done to meet this demand.

Towards Sustainable Urban Landscape Management: Floridians’ Perceptions of Residential Landscapes and Their Maintenance Requirements

This 5-page fact sheet written by Hayk Khachatryan, Alicia Rihn, Xumin Zhang, and Michael Dukes and published by the UF/IFAS Food and Resource Economics Department is the first in a series from the Sustainable Residential Landscape Project, a study conducted in 2016 to address perceptions of landscapes in Florida, different factors that could influence the adoption of more sustainable landscape options, and ways to promote sustainable landscaping options. The Sustainable Residential Landscape Project was funded by the UF/IFAS Center for Landscape Conservation and Ecology (CLCE).

Inspirative geology -the influence of natural geological formations and patterns on contemporary landscape design

Throughout the history of landscape design, we have witnessed many examples where natural features were used as symbolic elements of manmade landscapes and gardens. This influence of landscape geology had its impact on contemporary landscape architecture, resulting in diverse and innovative applications, which are the main topic of our discussion. The article is intended to demonstrate the trend of drawing inspiration from natural landscape features in contemporary landscape architecture in a new and complex way, focusing particularly on the influence of geology, geomorphology and tectonics. A study was conducted on twelve available, published contemporary landscape projects from the last two decades analysing the imitation of nature in the designs, with photo documentation and description. The aim is to identify how ‘native geology’ can influence today’s landscape architecture, which formations are inspirative, where and how they are integrated to the contemporary artistic design. Furthermore, in order to develop a complex understanding on how these references applied to the sites enhance the experience of the space. The selected projects are compared according to pairs of contrasting qualities that are related to measurable characteristics of a space. This will finally lead to identifying some common trends of today’s landscape architecture in applying this geology-inspired design approach.