Landscape Pattern Changes Research Articles

Analysis of the influence paths of land use and landscape pattern on organic matter decomposition in river ecosystems: Focusing on microbial groups

Organic matter decomposition (OMD) is one of the important river ecosystem functions. Changes in land use and landscape pattern (LULP) have a serious influence on the OMD in neighboring river ecosystems. However, there is limited information on the influence paths of LULP on organic matter decomposition in river ecosystems. In this study, cotton strip (CS) as a substitute for investigating OMD, was introduced to the delineated catchments in Luanhe River Basin in China, meanwhile combining with remote sensing interpretation, water quality analysis, microbial sequencing, and redundancy analysis (RDA) to identify the dominant LULP metrics, water quality parameters, and microbial groups controlling the OMD. Then the structural equation models (SEMs) were used to connect these dominant controlling factors to track the influence paths of LULP on OMD in river ecosystems. RDA results indicated that construction land (CON), farmland (FAR) and landscape shape index (LSI) in LULP, total nitrogen (TN), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and pH in water quality, bacterial phyla Planctomycetes and Firmicutes, as well as fungal phyla Chytridiomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant factors controlling the OMD (quantified by tensile strength loss (TSL) and respiration (RES)). These four microbial phyla contributed significantly to OMD. SEMs further proposed three paths to explain the mechanism of LULP influencing on OMD, which were CON - TN - Firmicutes - TSL, CON - TN - Chytridiomycota - RES, and FAR - COD - Chytridiomycota - TSL. CON promoted OMD mainly through enhancing TN content in river water to increase Firmicutes and Chytridiomycota. FAR increased Chytridiomycota by decreasing COD in river water, promoting OMD. These results will deepen our understanding of the influence of LULP on river ecosystem functions and provide valuable information for policymakers and managers to carry out watershed land planning and river management in the future.

Response of Variation of Water and Sediment to Landscape Pattern in the Dapoling Watershed

The relationship between water-sediment processes and landscape pattern changes has currently become a research hotspot in low-carbon water and land resource optimization research. The SWAT-VRR model is a distributed hydrological model which better shows the effect of land use landscape change on hydrological processes in the watershed. In this paper, the hydrological models of the Dapoling watershed were built, the runoff and sediment yield from 2006 to 2011 were simulated, and the relationship between landscape patterns and water-sediment yield was analyzed. The results show that the SWAT-VRR model is more accurate and reasonable in describing runoff and sediment yield than the SWAT model. The sub-basins whose soil erosion is relatively light are mostly concentrated in the middle reaches with a slope mainly between 0–5°. The NP, PD, ED, SPIIT, SHEI, and SHDI of the watershed increased slightly, and the COHESION, AI, CONTAG, and LPI showed a certain decrease. The landscape pattern is further fragmented, with the degree of landscape heterogeneity increasing and the connection reducing. The runoff, sediment yield and surface runoff are all extremely significantly negatively correlated with forest, which implies that for more complicated patch shapes of forest which have longer boundaries connecting with the patches of other landscape types, the water and sediment processes are regulated more effectively. Therefore, it can be more productive to carry out research on the optimization of water and soil resources under the constraint of carbon emission based on the SWAT-VRR model.

Literature Review on Farmland Landscape Pattern Change Analysis

Farmland landscape pattern refers to the composition and spatial distribution of landscape elements in a certain spatial range. Farmland landscape pattern formation has natural, historical, cultural and other factors. Since the reform and opening up, China’s rapid socio-economic development, urbanization and a series of social development caused a large number of land occupation, farmland landscape pattern has undergone major changes. Domestic and foreign scholars based on natural geography, landscape ecology, combined with 3S technology, FRAGSTATES landscape index calculation method, from the aspects of landscape evolution process, landscape heterogeneity and diversity and landscape dynamics and driving factors correlation, analyzes the characteristics of regional landscape pattern change, and on this basis, analyzes the influence mechanism and correlation of landscape pattern succession. However, at present, most studies are based on the time axis, focusing on the changes of landscape patterns such as forests, wetland waters and towns. There are relatively few studies on the changes of farmland landscape patterns, and there are relatively few studies on the combination of time and space. Therefore, through the study and analysis of the characteristics of farmland landscape pattern change, the driving factors of landscape pattern change are known, and on this basis, the methods and ways of landscape pattern optimization are studied to provide scientific basis for constructing and optimizing farmland ecosystem, regional ecological network and protecting biodiversity.

北京市景观格局演变及其对多种生态系统服务的影响

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 北京市景观格局演变及其对多种生态系统服务的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202107272042 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室开放基金项目（SKLURE2020-2-1）；国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（41901227） Changes of landscape pattern and its impacts on multiple ecosystem services in Beijing Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:景观格局是人与自然共同作用的结果，深刻影响着区域的生态系统服务及可持续发展。以高度城市化地区——北京市为案例，选取了粮食生产、水质净化、空气净化、气体调节、生境质量以及休闲娱乐6项重要生态系统服务，采用InVEST （Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs）、ROS （Recreation Opportunity Spectrum）等模型定量评估了1980-2018年生态系统服务时空分布。通过对北京市景观组成与景观配置指数进行定量分析，进一步探索了景观格局演变对生态系统服务的影响。结果表明：（1）北京市1980-2018年建设用地扩张了120%，建设用地扩张是耕地面积减少的主要原因。景观格局总体上趋于破碎化，斑块形状复杂化，斑块异质性增加；（2）时间上，北京市1980-2018年粮食生产、水质净化、气体调节、生境质量、休闲娱乐5项生态系统服务均呈现下降趋势；空间上，粮食生产呈现东南部较高，西北部较低的分布特征，其余生态系统服务均呈现西北部较高，东南部较低，市中心最低的分布特征；（3）景观水平上，林地、建设用地等景观组成变化对生态系统服务影响最为显著。破碎化指数、多样性指数等景观配置指数对生态系统服务影响最为显著；类型水平上，平均斑块面积、斑块聚集度对生态系统服务影响相对最为显著。总体来讲，通过分析景观格局演变如何影响生态系统服务，为如何通过设计和优化景观格局来提升生态系统服务提供了定量依据，从而为促进区域的景观可持续规划提供理论依据和案例参考。 Abstract:Landscape pattern is the result of the interaction between human and nature. During the urbanization process, the landscape pattern had changed significantly, which affected the ecological process and thus threatened ecosystem services. The assessment of the impacts of landscape pattern on ecosystem services is crucial for regional sustainable development. Taking Beijing as a case study, we quantified the spatiotemporal changes of six selected ecosystem services, including food production, water purification, air quality regulation, carbon storage, habitat quality, and recreation opportunity from 1980 to 2018 by using the InVEST and Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) models. In addition, we analyzed changes of landscape patterns in Beijing, and explored the impacts of landscape patterns on ecosystem services. The results showed that:1) the landscape pattern in Beijing experienced dramatically changes from 1980 to 2018. The build-up land expanded by 120%, which mainly resulted in the reduction of cropland. The overall landscape pattern tended to be fragmented, the patch shape index became more complicated and the heterogeneity of the patches also increased. 2) Food production, water purification, carbon storage, habitat quality, and recreation opportunity showed a decreasing trend from 1980 to 2018. Spatially, food production was higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest. For the other ecosystem services, they were higher in the northwest, lower in the southeast, and the lowest in the central downtown area. During the past 38 years, the food production decreased the most in the central region of Beijing, while the air quality regulation, carbon storage, habitat quality, and recreational opportunity decreased the most in the eastern and southern regions. 3) At the landscape level, changes in land-use types, such as woodland, grassland, and build-up land had the most significant impacts on ecosystem services. Landscape metrics, such as the fragmentation index and diversity index influenced ecosystem services more obviously. At the class level, the mean patch area and the patch aggregation index had the most significant impacts on ecosystem services. Among them, the mean patch area and aggregation index of woodland showed positive effects on air quality and carbon storage. However, the aggregation index of built-up land showed a negative effect on habitat quality. In general, this study focused on analyzing the impacts of landscape pattern changes on ecosystem services, which can help decision makers to improve the ecosystem services by optimizing landscape patterns. The results of this study also can provide theoretical and practical basis for promoting regional landscape sustainable planning. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

渭河源流域源汇景观演变对径流泥沙的影响

探讨源汇景观演变特征与径流泥沙的关系对定量识别源汇景观功能对生态过程的影响具有重要的科学意义。以位于黄土高原和西秦岭山地交错区域的渭河源为例，分析了流域源汇景观格局演变与降雨耦合驱动对径流和泥沙的影响，结果表明：（1）研究区1982-2017年汇景观比例逐渐增加并超过源景观，源汇景观功能演变主要发生在黄土丘陵区，源汇景观负荷比指数呈逐年下降趋势；（2）影响流域径流和泥沙的主要因素不同，洪峰流量与含沙量主要受源景观面积比例和源汇景观负荷比的影响，呈显著的下降趋势，而径流量仅与降水量存在相关性；（3）基于信息理论方法的相对重要性分析表明，降雨对流域径流量的相对重要性高于源汇景观负荷比，而源汇景观负荷比对洪峰流量和含沙量的相对重要性较高，传输距离和海拔分布对径流泥沙和洪峰流量具有重要影响。在长时间尺度上，源汇景观格局演变影响了径流及泥沙特征，并且对泥沙影响的相对重要性高于径流。源汇景观合理的时空分布可以有效调控水土流失过程，对黄土高原生态可持续发展具有重要意义。;Identifying the relationships among characteristics of the source and sink landscape and runoff and sediment will help quantifying the interactions between landscape pattern and ecological processes. This study analyzed the coupled impacts from changes in the source sink landscape and precipitation patterns on runoff and sediment at the source watershed of the Weihe River, which located in the ecotone of the Loess Plateau and the western Qinling Mountain. The location-weighted landscape index (LWLI) based on the Source-sink Landscape Model (SSLM) was used to quantitatively characterize the changes of landscape pattern. The results included:(1) the area proportion of the sink landscapes increased from 1982 to 2017 and became larger than the source landscapes. The changes of source and sink landscape mainly happened in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau. The LWLI decreased from 1982 to 2017, with substantial decrease between 1995 and 2010. (2) The major factors affecting runoff and sediment were explicitly different. The peak flow and sediment concentration substantially decreased from 1982 to 2017 and had close correlations with area proportion of source landscapes and the LWLI values. However, the amount of annual runoff fluctuated during the study period due to variation of precipitation and had limited correlation with changes of the landscape pattern. (3) The LWLI had close relationships with peak flow and sediment concentration by comparing the relative variable importance of landscape to climatic factors, while precipitation was the major factor affecting runoff. Moreover, characteristics of landscape pattern were regulated by latitude and migration distance and had stronger impacts on runoff and sediment concentration than slope in the study area. Results of the study suggested that changes in the pattern of source-sink landscape and precipitation had significant influences on river channel runoff and sediment at a long-time scale, but their importance to runoff and sediment were obviously different. The reasonable planning of source and sink landscapes could effectively control soil and water loss at the watershed scale. For land use planning and policy-making, optimization of landscape configuration should be considered to improve water and soil conservation.

景观格局视角下晋西三川河流域径流变化归因分析

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 景观格局视角下晋西三川河流域径流变化归因分析 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202105131259 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点项目（51838003） Attribution analysis of runoff changes in the Sanchuan River Basin of Shanxi Province from the perspective of landscape patterns Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:黄土高原大规模人类活动造成下垫面剧烈变化，流域景观格局改变，影响产汇流过程。学科融合视角下，基于Budyko水热耦合方程、景观指数计算以及回归分析等多学科方法，以晋西黄土丘陵沟壑区三川河流域为例，分析不同尺度景观格局变化造成流域径流量变化的原因，判别地理景观空间对产汇流过程的影响。结果表明：（1）1980年至今是研究区径流锐减阶段，其中下垫面变化对径流贡献率为60.81％；（2）1980年至今的下垫面变化造成流域景观斑块破碎、形状趋于规整，景观格局分割度、蔓延度提高；（3）利用逐步线性回归模型可将径流减少的景观格局变化定位到具体地理空间，流域东部、北部主要支流上游与两条支流汇流处的林地核心斑块面积减少以及城市建设区域对于水体连通性的破坏。通过跨学科方法探究景观格局与径流变化之间的潜在空间关联，揭示径流对景观格局变化的响应，可为黄土高原水资源管理与生态规划提供决策依据。 Abstract:Large-scale human activities on the Loess Plateau have caused dramatic changes in the substratum and altered the landscape pattern of the watershed, even affected the runoff production and sink processes. Based on the Budyko hydrothermal coupling equation, landscape index calculation, and regression analysis methods, this paper takes the Sanchuan River Basin in western Shanxi Province, located in the loess hilly gully area, as an example, to analyze the causes of runoff changes in the basin caused by changes in landscape patterns at different scales and to discern the influence of geographic landscape space on the production and sink processes. The results show that:(1) the runoff in the study area has decreased sharply from 1980 to the present, in which the contribution of subsurface changes to runoff was 60.81%. (2) The substrate changes from 1980 to the present caused the fragmentation and regularization of the landscape patches in the watershed, and the fragmentation and spreading of the landscape pattern increased. (3) Using a stepwise linear regression model, the landscape pattern changes in runoff reduction could be localized to specifically geographic spaces. The reduction of the core areas of woodland patches in the upper reaches of the eastern and northern tributaries and their confluence, and the disruption of the connectivity of water patches by the urban built-up areas at the confluence of the tributaries, are the direct spatial causes of the runoff reduction in watershed. An interdisciplinary approach is used to explore the potentially spatial correlation between landscape patterns and runoff changes, and to reveal the response of runoff to landscape pattern changes, which can provide a decision basis for water resources management and ecological planning on the Loess Plateau. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Linkages between Soil Erosion and Long-Term Changes of Landscape Pattern in a Small Watershed on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Linkages between Soil Erosion and Long-Term Changes of Landscape Pattern in a Small Watershed on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Hybrid Spatiotemporal Graph Convolutional Network for Detecting Landscape Pattern Evolution From Long-Term Remote Sensing Images

The remote sensing time-series change detection algorithm based on the pixel or single landscape patch ignores the change analysis of spatial structure information. Inspired by graph convolutional network (GCN) modeling, a set of landscapes (nodes) and their relationships (edges) are proposed. In this study, a parallel strategy in spatial GCN and progressive strategy in temporal GCN, called the hybrid GCN model network as a holistic framework, was proposed to accurately capture both spatial and temporal variations in landscape patterns based on yearly Landsat time series. A super-patch (i.e., fixed patch class surrounded by a one-hop neighbor patch) was selected as the input of the GCN network. First, a spatial GCN model with three parallel graph convolutional layers was adopted to classify landscape pattern types. Three dominant categories of landscape patterns over the past three decades have been identified. Second, four landscape metrics in super-patches were proposed for the quantitative characterization of changes in landscape patterns. Finally, a temporal GCN model with two progressive graph convolutional layers was used to detect six types of patch changes, which were applied to continuously detect the landscape pattern evolution processes. Regardless of the spatial GCN and temporal GCN, they provided satisfactory performance using the training and validation sets with overall accuracy > 92% and Kappa coefficient > 0.90, and loss values converging to 0.049 and 0.128, respectively, based on NLLLoss function until 500 epochs. It is believed that the hybrid GCN model has great potential for mining possible implicit spatiotemporal relationships and future evolution of landscape patterns.

长白山风灾景观30年格局变化过程分析

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 长白山风灾景观30年格局变化过程分析 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202101290316 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41571078）；国家自然科学基金（41171072） Analysis of the pattern change process of Changbai Mountain wind-damaged landscape in the past thirty years Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:以长白山自然保护区内的由1986年台风形成的风灾景观为研究对象。选取1987年、1993年、1999年、2004年、2010年和2016年遥感影像进行解译。利用Fragstats 4.2软件对景观格局指数进行定量分析，并用主成分分析法与景观综合评价指数相结合的方法对景观格局变化做出综合评价，揭示风灾后30年景观格局变化过程。结果表明：（1）草本-灌木的优势度不断下降；阔叶林和针叶林在恢复过程中先以增加大斑块为主，后期面积增加主要是以小斑块为主；岳桦林恢复过程中先以增加小斑块为主，后期以大斑块连片生长。（2）小而分散的斑块在恢复过程中转换为大而集中的斑块，景观趋于均质化。（3）草本-灌木，阔叶林，针叶林，岳桦林四种斑块类型在恢复过程中呈现一种演替关系。（4）确定了分别与景观规模、形状和景观聚散度相关的两个主成分，作为表征景观恢复性的关键指标。（5）在30年的恢复期中，研究区整体景观格局质量得到提升，但恢复缓慢，与风灾前依然相差较大。（6）多次强风干扰可以形成长白山西、南坡非标准的垂直带谱。 Abstract:The wind-damaged landscape formed by the 1986 typhoon in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve was studied in this paper. High-definition remote sensing images in 1987, 1993, 1999, 2004, 2010 and 2016 were selected to decode to analyze the change of each patch type in the study area. Fragstats 4.2 was used to quantitatively analyze the landscape pattern indices, and a combination of principal component analysis and comprehensive landscape evaluation index was used to make a comprehensive evaluation to reveal the process of landscape pattern changes 30 years after the wind damage. The results were as follows:(1) the dominance of herbaceous-shrub kept decreasing, but the distribution was homogenous, the patch shape was regular, and the degree of aggregation was high; broad-leaved forest and coniferous forest firstly increased in large patches during the recovery process, and later on the area increase was mainly in small patches, the patch shape of broad-leaved forest tended to be regular, and coniferous forest was complex; Betula ermanii forest firstly increased in small patches, and later on the large patches grew in succession, the shape became more complicated, and there was a trend of contiguous growth. (2) At the landscape level, small and scattered patches were converted into large and concentrated patches in the restoration process, the irregularity of shape increased and the connectivity of the landscape decreased. As the restoration continues, the landscape tended to be homogenized. (3) According to the landscape transfer matrix, herbaceous-shrub patches in the study area would be continuously transformed into arboreal patches, the proportion of herbaceous-shrub gradually decreased, while arboreal increased. Among them, herbaceous-shrub mainly transformed into broad-leaved forest, broad-leaved forest mainly transformed into coniferous forest, and coniferous forest mainly transformed into Betula ermanii forest. The four patch types of herbaceous-shrub, broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest, and Betula ermanii forest showed a succession relationship during the restoration process. (4) Through the principal component analysis method, two principal components related to landscape scale and shape and landscape dispersion, respectively, were identified as key indices to characterize landscape restoration. (5) Using the combination of principal component analysis and the comprehensive landscape evaluation index to evaluate the wind-damaged landscape in Changbai Mountain, the results showed that during the 30-year restoration period, the quality of the study area was improved, but the recovery was slow and still differed significantly from that before the wind damage. (6) Multiple strong wind disturbances can form a non-standard vertical band spectrum on the western and southern slopes of Changbai Mountain. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

State-and-Evolution Detection Models: A Framework for Continuously Monitoring Landscape Pattern Change

Detecting the evolution of large-area landscape patterns using long-term remote-sensing images is helpful in supporting research on the relationship between landscape patterns and ecological processes, as well as the development of ecological process simulations and spatiotemporal interaction models. However, detection methods have generally been developed as separate applications, each with a separate type of landscape pattern change; remote-sensing images are acquired at epochal timesteps. Consequently, in practical applications, many omission changes for some types of pattern changes and inaccurate evolution time are presented in the detected map. In this article, state-and-evolution detection models (SEDMs) are promoted to obtain complete information about the evolution of landscape patterns based on yearly land cover data. In the proposed framework, we first define the major categories of landscape pattern changes to comprehensively reveal the characteristics of landscape pattern changes associated with real change cases. Next, a morphological rule-based pattern recognition approach is proposed for quantitative discrimination among these categories. This approach is then applied in annual land cover data to continuously detect landscape pattern evolution processes and evolution time. Finally, the detected evolution time in different evolution processes is applied to measure the timestep between two disparate types. The performances of the SEDMs are presented by Landsat-derived land cover evolution in Shanxi, China. The detected results are indirectly verified by the land cover conversion matrix and connect index, indicating strong robustness and generalization ability of the SEDMs.

生态保护区外斑块对景观连接度的影响评价

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 生态保护区外斑块对景观连接度的影响评价 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202109052505 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（41971269） Evaluation of the importance of patches outside protected areas to landscape connectivity Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41971269) 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:快速的城市化过程带来的生境斑块破碎化及损失会影响物种迁移、捕食等生态活动，对生物多样性构成威胁。然而，现有生态保护区可能无法覆盖其内生物的必要活动范围。生态保护区外的生境斑块对于维持生态过程也具有重要作用，因此识别生态保护区外的关键斑块并加以保护非常重要。以北京市延庆区为研究区，划分两种生境斑块，即核心生境斑块和潜在生境斑块，并基于图论构建生境网络。考虑地表覆盖类型、坡度、人类活动等因素构建生境阻力面。结合未来土地利用类型变化的模拟，研究城市化过程对区域生境网络和景观连接度的影响，选用CLUE-S模型模拟土地利用类型变化的格局。结合生境斑块特征和未来城市土地利用变化情况设计了3种未来生境变化情景。利用连接概率指数(PC)和网络连接度变化率(dI)评价不同生境变化情景下生态保护区外潜在生境斑块的景观连接度重要性，判断保护优先顺序，并分析景观格局变化对不同迁移能力物种的影响。结果表明：生态保护区外的全部潜在生境斑块对维持生境整体景观连接度有最大2.15%的影响，单个潜在生境斑块对维持景观连接度有最大0.28%的影响。此外，景观格局及其变化对不同迁移能力物种的影响差异显著，因此需针对保护物种和城市生境特征设计保护方案，研究区需要优先保护大中型斑块和位于关键位置的小型斑块。为了满足对生物多样性保护的需求，建议在区分生境斑块保护优先顺序时考虑生境斑块对景观连接度的贡献和城市化扩展过程的压力。研究为城市生物多样性保护和生境管理提供了方法参考。 Abstract:The fragmentation and loss of habitat patches due to the rapid urbanization can affect ecological activities such as species migration and predation which posed a threat to biodiversity. However, the ecological reserves may not be able to cover the necessary activities of the organisms in them. Habitat patches outside of ecological reserves may also play a critical role in maintaining ecological processes. Therefore, it is vitally important to identify key patches outside the ecological reserves and protect them. In this study, we firstly identified two types of habitat patches, core habitat patches and potential habitat patches, and built a habitat network based on graph theory in Yanqing District of Beijing, China. Then we established the habit resistance surface by considering factors such as land cover type, slope, and human activities. The impact of urbanization processes on regional habitat network and landscape connectivity is studied in conjunction with simulations of future land use type changes. The CLUE-S model was selected to simulate the pattern of land use type changes. Finally, we designed three habitat change scenarios based on the characteristics of habitat patches and future urban land use type changes. The connection probability index (PC) and change rate of network connectivity (dI) were used to evaluate the importance of the landscape connection degree of the potential habitat patches outside the ecological reserves under different habitat change scenarios. Based on the results, we judged the priority order of patch protection, and analyzed the impact of landscape pattern changes on species with different migration capabilities. The results showed that the whole potential habitat patches outside the ecological reserves had the greatest impact on the overall landscape connectivity of the habitat by 2.15% and a single potential habitat patch had a maximum effect of 0.28% on maintaining the landscape connectivity. In addition, the impact of landscape pattern and its changes on species with different migratory abilities varied significantly, so it is necessary to design protection plans for species and habitat characteristics. We advise to prioritize the protection of large and medium-sized habitat patches and small habitat patches at key locations. In order to meet the demand for biodiversity conservation, it is recommended that both the contribution of habitat patches to landscape connectivity and the pressure of urbanization expansion process be considered while distinguishing the conservation priorities of habitat patches. The study provides methodological references for urban biodiversity conservation and habitat management. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

柑橘园扩张对生态系统服务和景观格局的影响——以江西省信丰县为例

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 柑橘园扩张对生态系统服务和景观格局的影响——以江西省信丰县为例 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202108152249 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（71873053）；国家社会科学基金重大项目（18ZDA054） Effects of citrus orchard expansion on ecosystem services and landscape pattern: A case study of Xinfeng County, Jiangxi Province, China Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:柑橘园扩张是我国柑橘主产区较典型的土地利用/覆盖变化过程之一。但柑橘园扩张对区域生态系统服务和景观格局的影响尚不清楚，探明柑橘园种植的生态效应对柑橘主产区实现生态-经济协同发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。以江西省信丰县为研究区，基于第二次、第三次全国国土调查数据，借助InVEST模型、景观格局指数、图谱分析等方法，结合地形梯度和相关性分析，对柑橘园扩张所致的生态系统服务和景观格局变化及其权衡与关联进行分析。结果表明：①2010-2019年，柑橘园扩张方向以占用林地和耕地为主，柑橘园面积从9961.29 hm2增至12633.84 hm2，其中新增柑橘园7504.72 hm2，退出柑橘园4832.16 hm2，区域内柑橘园转换频繁。②柑橘园扩张导致信丰县景观格局总体呈现破碎化趋势，景观连通性降低，并对土壤保持服务和碳储量服务产生负向影响，对柑橘供给服务产生正向影响，对产水服务几乎无影响。③不同类型柑橘园在不同地形梯度上的扩张对生态系统服务的影响方向和程度存在差异。④在权衡与协同分析中，供给服务与支持服务呈权衡关系，碳储量-产水、碳储量-土壤保持等支持服务之间呈协同关系；景观破碎化与生态系统服务显著关联。研究结果可为经济作物大规模种植区的园地合理开发利用和生境保护提供科学依据。 Abstract:The conversion of natural forest and cultivated land to citrus orchard has become one of the typical land use/cover change processes in major citrus producing areas in China. Enlarging citrus cultivation can bring promising profitability to smallholders. However, the ecological consequences of enlarging citrus cultivation on ecosystem services (ES) and landscape patterns remain unclear. It is of great significance to explore the ecological effects of citrus orchard scale planting on the eco-economic synergistic development of major citrus producing areas. This paper focuses on analyzing the changes of ESs and landscape pattern, their correlation and the tradeoff/synergy of ESs change caused by citrus orchard expansion, using a case of Xinfeng County, Jiangxi Province. First, we used TUPU analysis methods to characterize the spatial and temporal variation of citrus orchard expansion from 2010 to 2019, based on the data of the secondly and thirdly national land survey. Second, InVEST model was employed to evaluate critical ES dynamics caused by citrus orchard expansion, and then we analyzed its differences in different terrain gradients. Third, we applied correlation analysis to examine the tradeoffs between ESs and the relationships between ESs and landscape patterns. The results showed that:(1) from 2010 to 2019, the expansion direction of citrus orchards was mainly converted from forest land and cultivated land, and the area of citrus orchards increased from 9961.29 hm2 to 12633.84 hm2, with 7504.72 hm2 newly transferred in and 4832.16 hm2 transferred out. The contradiction among forest land, cultivated land and citrus orchard is prominent in Xinfeng County. (2) The expansion of citrus orchards has boosted the supply of citrus supply services, whereas it had a negative impact on soil conservation services and carbon storage services. Soil conservation and carbon storage services decreased by 67.19% and 35.98%, respectively, from 2010 to 2019 throughout the region as a whole. Surprisingly, its impact on water yield services was not significant, with only a 5% reduction over the research period. Moreover, citrus orchard expansion has also resulted in a decrease in landscape connectivity and a trend of fragmentation in Xinfeng County. (3) The expansion of different citrus orchards on different terrain gradients had different effects on ESs. (4) In the tradeoff and synergy analysis, there was a tradeoff relationship between supply services and support services, and there was a synergy relationship between carbon storage-water yield and carbon storage-soil conservation. It is found that landscape fragmentation is significantly correlated with ESs. These results can provide scientific evidence for the rational development and utilization of gardens and habitat protection in large-scale cash crop planting areas. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Coupling responses of landscape pattern to human activity and their drivers in the hinterland of Three Gorges Reservoir Area

Human activities and landscape patterns are important representations of two major elements in the human-land system. Therefore, analyzing coupling characteristics of human activity intensity and landscape patterns is of great significance to reveal the evolution of regional human-land relationships. To fill the hole on the coupling response of human activity intensity and landscape pattern, the mountainous human activity intensity and landscape pattern coupling model was constructed, and the comprehensive dominant-recessive human activity intensity index (CHAI) was proposed. Moreover, based on the AHP and cumulative index method, we quantitatively evaluated the human activities intensity of Fengjie County in the hinterland of Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) from 2000–2020, and analyzed spatial coupling patterns between CHAI and landscape pattern through the local spatial autocorrelation model. Finally, factors influencing the type of coupled change in CHAI and landscape pattern were explored by a binary logistic regression model. The results show: (1) There are no obvious changes in CHAI of Fengjie County, but the spatial change shows the characteristics closely related to the terrain gradient and the level of economic development of Fengjie County with an overall contraction while local enhancement. (2) The spatial coupling between CHAI and landscape pattern in Fengjie County shows four types: Coordination type, antagonism type, gradually coordinated type, gradually antagonistic type. (3) The important impact factors of the coupling between CHAI and landscape pattern are distance to county administrative center, distance to the town government, and landform, etc., which reflects socio-economic factors were the main factors in the evolution of the regional social ecosystem. (4) There are diverse and special coupling responses between human activity intensity and landscape patterns in the hinterland of TGRA. In general, the hinterland of TGRA has achieved a win-win situation for the ecology and economy through partial disharmony in exchange for overall coordination. Moreover, the research results reveal the uniqueness of China's mountainous landscape pattern in response to human activities in recent years.

A Geospatial Approach to Demarcate Flood Susceptible Zones of Rangat Watershed, Middle Andaman, India

: Flooding is the most prevalent global geo-epidemic, wreaking massive havoc. Five geo-environmental factors viz., slope, geology, geomorphology, soil infiltration capacity, and land-use land-cover were employed to identify the flood-prone zones of the Rangat watershed using remote and GIS. The results of the present study indicate that 0.55 Km2 of the Rangat village is highly vulnerable to flooding during heavy monsoon followed by Dasharatpur village (0.53 Km2 ). 1.98 Km2 of the Rangat river is highly is very prone to seasonal flooding of the total 12.25 Km2 , while 1.04 Km2 is moderately sensitive. With the ever-changing landscape pattern and climate change, the Rangat watershed is more susceptible to monsoonal flooding time and again in the future.

Planning, development pressure, and change in green infrastructure quantity and configuration in coastal Texas

Land-use change is a lead driver of ecological degradation in coastal regions. By guiding where development and open space are located, local land use plans are theorized to be an important tool to protect green infrastructure in coastal areas and their related services. Higher quality plans are expected to lead to greater protection of green infrastructure (GI). Using multiple linear regression, we test whether the presence and quality of comprehensive plans are related to change in GI landscape configuration between 2000 and 2016 in cities along Texas’ coast. We find that comprehensive planning and plan quality are negatively associated with change in GI quantity and landscape pattern. Our results suggest that, in Texas, planning is mostly reactive; development pressure and environmental degradation likely lead to both loss of green infrastructure and city adoption of comprehensive plans.

Increasing fragmentation and squeezing of coastal wetlands: Status, drivers, and sustainable protection from the perspective of remote sensing

Coastal wetlands are of great ecological and economic value but face significant degradation and losses because of human activities. Nevertheless, the changes in spatiotemporal landscape patterns, which have occurred as a result of coastal wetland losses, have not been well documented under the rapid urbanization in coastal zones. In this study, an algorithm based on periodic tidal inundations and full time-series indices was developed to map the detailed status and trends in the coastal wetlands in Fujian Province from 1994 to 2018 by using more than archived 5000 Landsat images. The results showed that in 2018, there were 1136.56 km2 of coastal wetlands along the coast of Fujian with an overall accuracy of 95.63%, which were mainly distributed in estuaries and bays. These coastal wetlands consisted of tidal flats, low marshes, and high marshes with proportions of 84.91%, 13.05%, and 2.04%, respectively. An unprecedented loss of coastal wetlands has occurred in Fujian Province, with an annual rate of 15.44 km2/a from 1994 to 2018. Many coastal wetlands were reclaimed, dredged, and converted into inland areas for aquaculture ponds, ports, and built-up areas in different urbanization periods, which has led to a great loss of coastal spaces with an area of 476.87 km2. The interplay between the loss of coastal wetlands and seaward urbanization will lead to severe fragmentation and squeezing effects in the coastal zone and will weaken the coastal protection from marine disasters that is provided by coastal wetlands. Therefore, we conceived two conceptional frameworks for sustainable coastal protection based on the current situations of the coastal communities to provide a trade-off between economic development and the protection of coastal developing countries in the world.

Responses of soil erosion to changes in landscape pattern and its evolution in watershed in the loess hilly region under characteristic management and development

Understanding the relationship between soil erosion and the changes in landscape patterns is important for guiding the management and development of watersheds. The Nangou watershed in Ansai County, Shaanxi on the Loess Plateau, is an area with the implement of "Grain for Green", ecological agriculture, ecological tourism and the demonstration of science and technology for landscape management. We quantified the spatial and temporal variations of landscape pattern and soil erosion from 1981 to 2018 using the GIS and the universal soil loss equation (USLE). The relationship between the soil erosion modulus and nine landscape pattern indices in three categories was analyzed using the principal component analysis at both plot and landscape levels. The results showed that, among the five landscape types, the spatial and temporal changes of cultivated land and woodland dominated the evolution of landscape patterns, which affected the concentration and distribution degree of the whole watershed. Soil erosion in the Nangou watershed decreased annually, with erosion area, erosion modulus and soil erosion intensity decreasing by 29.7%, 61.2%, and 73.4% from 1981 to 2018, respectively. The variation of cultivated land and forest land areas determined the changes of soil erosion modulus of the whole watershed. The change trend of landscape pattern index was consistent with that of soil erosion. "Grain for Green" Project was the major dri-ving force for the changes in the landscape pattern and for the reduction of soil erosion. The characteristic development and management could weaken soil erosion intensity in parts of the study area. The rational configuration of landscape types could effectively control soil erosion in a watershed. The combination of rational configuration and characteristic management could help achieve the goals for sustainable and high quality development of the watershed.

Long-Term Land Use and Landscape Pattern Changes in a Marshland of Hungary

This paper presents the trends of landscape change in the marshes on the southern shore of Lake Balaton, a wetland profoundly transformed by human activities. The study does not only deal with alterations in the areal proportions of land use classes but also quantitatively analyses landscape pattern, comparing landscape metrics on different dates. Based on the findings, proposals for rehabilitation are made. Through the restoration of wetland habitats, the provision level of ecosystem services can be raised. Landscape change was investigated from 1783 to 2020. For this purpose, archive maps were digitized, CORINE land cover datasets corrected by Sentinel-2 imagery were employed and from the vector data, the proportions of land use classes were calculated. For landscape pattern perimeter, area, neighbourhood and diversity metrics were used, calculated by ArcGIS vLATE plugin. It was pointed out that in land cover, the share of wetlands considerably declined over the centuries but in recent decades somewhat expanded. In the 20th century, grasslands were the predominant land use class, but with the spread of other categories, land use has become more complex. Landscape metrics show an increased fragmentation of natural habitats, a higher number of patches and edge density, leading to higher landscape diversity. Rehabilitation proposals include the establishment of rainwater retention reservoirs, the conversion of arable land which cannot be cultivated profitably to close-to-natural classes (first of all, grasslands) and the plantation of gallery forests of native tree species along canals. In comparison with other regions, similar temporal trends and spatial distributions are observed. For instance, the internationally well-known transformation of the Doñana wetland started later but was more intensive than in Hungary.

Applications of Geospatial Techniques to Identify Landscape Changes and Urban Expansion of Dera Ghazi Khan City, South Punjab-Pakistan

A temporal analysis of landscape change patterns and consequent evaluation of urban expansion has been studied for the Dera Ghazi Khan city which is developing fast since 2000 as an emerging metropolis of South Punjab. The geospatial techniques particularly remote sensing augmented with GIS are vital tools and are mostly used in studying landscape changes and decision making for sustainable urban development. Four Landsat images (1991, 2001, 2011 and 2021) obtained from the free web of GLFC have been analysed. A supervised classification algorithm was applied to all images and results have been presented in both tabular and graphic forms. Present study, focuses upon two land-use classes i.e. built up and open areas, which will be monitored by land-use patterns of Dera Ghazi Khan city during 1991 to 2021 using satellite images. The graphical depiction of all the landscape changes, which have taken place in D. G. Khan city in the form of tables and maps provides detailed information about the degree and ratio of urban expansion and the changes in land use that occurred during the stipulated period.The classification was based on four categories i.e., urban land, bare soil, vegetation, and water; while maps were prepared to present the temporal changes in D. G. Khan city. A total of 52 sq./kms areas was selected for this study designated as the Dera Ghazi Khan city. According to the results, 33% of the urban area has been expanded in Dera Ghazi Khan from 1991 to 2021 and 19% vegetation cover has been reduced. It is a very alarming situation that agricultural land is decreasing because of urban expansion. The results revealed the significance of remote sensing and GIS in evaluating landscape changes.

Impact of landscape pattern change on water-related ecosystem services: Comprehensive analysis based on heterogeneity perspective

The transformation of surface landscapes by human activities is the main driving factor that affects changes in ecosystem functions and ecological processes, significantly influencing the ability of regional water ecosystems to deliver products and services to human society. However, the relationship between landscape heterogeneity and multiple water ecosystem services and the mechanisms of dynamic change remain unclear, posing challenges for managing and enhancing ecosystem services through landscape management decisions. Taking the Zishui basin as an example, this study aimed to clarify the impact of landscape heterogeneity on water-related ecosystem services and relationships by analyzing the relative importance and comprehensive impacts of landscape structure composition and landscape spatial configuration changes on three ecosystem services (water production, soil conservation, and water purification). These services were quantified for the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2018 using the InVEST model. Furthermore, quantitative indices were constructed to assess the impact of landscape heterogeneity on water ecosystem services. The results show that annual water yield and soil conservation increased at first and then decreased from 2000 to 2018, with 24.48% and 22.50% overall decreases, respectively. In contrast, the total export of N and P decreased at first and then increased, with 3.65% and 5.18% overall increases, respectively. The contribution indices of landscape pattern changes to water yield, soil conservation, nitrogen export, and phosphorus export were 0.04%–2.02%, 0.08 × 10−2%–0.32 × 10−2%, 13.57%–70.05%, and 11.01%–68.22%, respectively, showing interannual and spatial differences. The impact of landscape pattern change on water-related ecosystem services mainly reflects intensity change, which does not change the dominant relationships. Both landscape composition and configuration have impacts on water-related ecosystem services, but the effects of composition are larger than those of configuration. Among them, the proportions of cultivated land, woodland, and construction land, along with changes in Shannon’s diversity index (SHDI), patch density (PD), and edge density (ED) have obvious influences on water-related ecosystem services and show nonlinear relationships. In summary, the impacts of landscape heterogeneity indicators on water-related ecosystem services have obvious category differences, interannual changes, and spatial differences. This study provides new insight into the driving effects of landscape pattern change on the supply of water-related ecosystem services and will provide a reference for practical land management applications and policy formulation of water ecosystem services.