Landscape Ecological Model Research Articles

Ecological risks linked with ecosystem services in the Upper Reach of the Yellow River under global changes

There is growing interest in introducing ecological risks (ERs) and ecosystem services (ESs) into environmental policies and practices. However, the integration of ESs and ERs into actual decision-making remains insufficient. We simulated the spatiotemporal dynamics of ESs (e.g., carbon storage, water yield, habitat quality, and soil conservation) and ERs in the upper reach of the Yellow River (URYR) from 2000 to 2100. Additionally, we explored their relationships by combining the InVEST model and a landscape ecological risk model with CMIP6 data. Our main findings showed that regional ERs change in response to land use and environmental dynamics. Specifically, the ER area decreased by 27,673 m2 during 2000-2020, but it is projected to increase by 13,273, 438, and 68 m2 under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, respectively. We also observed remarkable spatial differences in ESs and ERs between past and future scenarios. For instance, the source area of the URYR exhibited high ESs and low ERs (P<0.001), while the ESs and ERs are declining and increasing, respectively, in the northeastern URYR (P<0.05). Finally, we proposed a spatial optimization framework to improve ESs and reduce ERs, which will support regional sustainable development.

Ecological Risk Assessment of Forest Landscapes in Lushan National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province, China

It is highly valuable to analyze and assess the landscape ecological risk of nature reserves to prevent and resolve ecological risks, as well as to effectively protect and maintain the sustainable development of nature reserves. Taking the forest landscape of the Lushan National Nature Reserve as its study object, this study performed grid processing for the nature reserve and classified forest landscape types using the Forest Resource Inventory Database in 2019. A landscape ecological index model was constructed to evaluate the ecological risk. Global and local Moran index values were used to reveal the autocorrelations for ecological risk. The geodetector method was used to comprehensively analyze the effects of natural and human factors on ecological risk. The results showed that, in general, the ecological risk level of the nature reserve was relatively low, as the proportion of the lowest-, lower-, and medium-risk areas to the total forestry land area accounted for 91.03%. The ecological risk ranking of each functional zone, from high to low, was in the order of the experimental zone, the buffer zone, and the core zone. The ecological risk levels of different forest landscape types were closely related to their area, spatial distribution, and succession stage, as well as human factors, such as the proximity to roads and settlements, etc. The forest landscape with the highest ecological risk was the Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. forest, and the forest landscape with the lowest ecological risk was other forestry land. Ecological risk had a positive spatial correlation and tended to be aggregated in space, demonstrating coupling with the proximity to roads and settlements. The ecological risk was affected by both human and natural factors, among which human factors played a dominant role. The proximity to roads and settlements, the relative humidity, and the temperature were the main driving factors. The interaction of pairwise factors had a stronger influence than that of single factors. Therefore, controlling the intensity of human activities and enhancing the coordination between humans and nature are beneficial for alleviating the ecological risks in the forest landscapes of nature reserves.

Landscape ecology and urban spatial configuration: Exploring a methodological relationship. Application in Pelotas, Brazil

Urbanization has been expanding rapidly in Brazil, negatively impacting the natural environment. Achieving sustainable development requires understanding the interdependencies between the social and natural worlds and finding a balance between them. Resilient urban planning considering green infrastructure can generate socio-environmental benefits through ecological connections. To achieve this, an integrated study between the social and environmental spheres is required, which are often developed separately. Thus, this investigation aims to develop a socio-environmental analysis by adopting urban configuration and landscape ecology models and subsequently comparing their respective outcomes. To this end, two models of spatial networks were examined in a sector of Pelotas, Brazil, based on graph theory and centrality measures. The urban configuration model was used to analyze human mobility in urban networks, while the landscape ecology model was used to study the butterfly species Heliconius erato phyllis in ecological networks. Our findings show no significant correlation between the outcomes generated by the two models, indicating a lack of cohesion in the location and connection of green infrastructure in the study area. This methodology represents a valuable tool for urban planners and researchers seeking to gain new insights into the performance of urban green areas while considering both human and species-related factors.

Landscape Dynamics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Cold Temperate Forest Moose Habitat in the Great Khingan Mountains, China.

The change in habitat pattern is one of the key factors affecting the survival of the moose population. The study of the habitat landscape pattern is the key to protecting the Chinese cold-temperate forest moose population and monitoring the global distribution of moose. Through the ecological risk assessment of the moose habitat landscape pattern in a cold-temperate forest, we hope to assess the strength of habitat resistance under stress factors. This study provides a theoretical basis for the protection of the moose population in the cold-temperate forest in China and the establishment of the cold-temperate forest national park. In the study, the MaxEnt model, landscape index calculation and ecological risk assessment model construction were used to analyze the field survey and infrared camera monitoring data from April 2014 to January 2023. The habitat suitability layer of the moose population in the Nanwenghe National Nature Reserve of the Great Khingan Mountains was calculated, and the range of the moose habitat was divided based on the logical threshold of the model. The landscape pattern index of the moose habitat was calculated by Fragstats software and a landscape ecological risk assessment model was established to analyze the landscape pattern and ecological risk dynamic changes of the moose habitat in 2015 and 2020. The results showed that under the premise of global warming, the habitat landscape contagion index decreased by 4.53 and the split index increased by 4.86 from 2015 to 2020. In terms of ecological risk: the area of low ecological risk areas increased by 0.88%; the area of medium ecological risk areas decreased by 1.11%; and the area of high ecological risk areas increased by 0.23%. The fragmentation risk of the landscape pattern of the moose habitat tends to increase, the preferred patch type is dispersed, the degree of aggregation is low, and the risk of patch type transformation increases. The middle and high ecological risk areas are mainly concentrated in the river area and its nearby forests, showing a fine and scattered distribution. Under the interference of global warming and human activities, the fragmentation trend of the moose habitat in the study area is increasing, and the habitat quality is declining, which is likely to cause moose population migration. For this reason, the author believes that the whole cold temperate forest is likely to face the risk of increasing the transformation trend of dominant patch types in the cold-temperate coniferous forest region mainly caused by global warming, resulting in an increase in the risk of habitat fragmentation. While the distribution range of moose is reduced, it has a significant impact on the diversity and ecological integrity of the whole cold-temperate forest ecosystem. This study provides theoretical references for further research on the impact of climate warming on global species distribution and related studies. It is also helpful for humans to strengthen their protection awareness of forest and river areas and formulate reasonable protection and sustainable development planning of cold-temperate forests. Finally, it provides theoretical references for effective monitoring and protection of cold-temperate forests and moose population dynamics.

Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment during 2000–2020 Based on Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Lanzhou City

A landscape ecological risk model was constructed to evaluate the landscape ecological risk pertaining to Lanzhou City based on the land use and land cover (LULC) changes obtained using remote sensing data for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020 covering the duration 2010–2020. Results show that during 2010–2020, the LULC types in Lanzhou City mainly comprised of cropland, grassland, and construction land. In terms of LULC changes in Lanzhou City the trend shows a decrease in cropland and increase in construction land with an increase in the fragmentation and separation of cropland, grassland, and shrubland, which is pronounced for cropland and shrubland. The spatial distribution pattern of ecological risk shows very high and very low levels of risk in the main urban area in the south and in the northwest of the city, respectively. From 2010 to 2020, the ecological risk level of the landscape shows a gradual increase with evidence for significant changes. The results of the study provide a scientific basis for the optimization of the landscape pattern, rational utilization and development of land resources in Lanzhou City, and lay a solid foundation for the formulation of ecological risk control measures.

Landscape ecological risk assessment and driving mechanism of coastal estuarine tidal flats—A case study of the liaohe estuary wetlands

Estuarine tidal flats are located in the land-sea crisscross-sensitive zone. The degraded and shrinking state of major tidal flat landscapes weakens their ecological role in maintaining the safety of coastal wetlands in the world. However, little attention has been paid to tidal flat landscape evolution and ecological risks due to the tidal flats being located in the periphery of estuarine wetlands. This study was conducted in the tidal flats of the Liaohe estuary wetlands. The GIS spatial analysis and a transition matrix were combined to explore the tidal flat landscape evolution characteristics. The ecological risk faced by the tidal flats was evaluated by a landscape ecological risk model constructed by landscape indexes. The key driving factors and threshold values that affect the ecological risks were clarified using geographical detectors and regression analysis methods. The results showed that the tidal flats mainly evolved into a natural wetland before 2000 and rapidly changed into an artificial landscape between 2000 and 2010; the proportion of artificial landscapes then began to decline after 2010. Over the past 30 years, the landscape ecological risk in this area has generally been at a medium risk level. The ecological risk index showed a decreasing trend with the increases in landscape diversity. The low-risk artificial plaques have gradually replaced high-risk and medium-risk plaques of exposed tidal flats and natural wetlands. The study showed that human development activities were the key factors affecting the landscape ecological risks of the tidal flats. River sediment discharge was the key natural factor in maintaining the landscape ecological risk at a stable level. Therefore, the human development activities should be controlled within an appropriate limit, and the material supply of the upstream basin should be guaranteed to maintain the stability of the tidal flat landscape form in the protection and utilization of estuarine tidal flats in the future.

Study on the Construction of Residual Plaque Landscape Ecological Restoration Model in the Process of Rapid Urbanization

The current rapid urbanization, industrialization, and expansion of urban construction patterns have resulted in a large number of residual plaques in the urban area, including both the original plaques that are extremely fragmented and the new plaques that are metabolized by urban production, especially natural habitat patches are more pronounced. Ecological restoration of residual plaques plays an important role in maintaining biodiversity, protecting native species, providing ecological services, revitalizing land resources, inheriting regional characteristics, shaping urban image, and improving the ecological environment. Therefore, research on the subject is necessary and urgent. The topic is based on the ecological survey of urban residual patches and the study of the characteristic attributes of current urbanization, defining the connotation, extension, type, characteristics, and influencing factors of urban residual patches, and analyzing the process of fragmentation of residual plaques in cities and their artificial interference relationship. From the macro, meso, and micro scales, from the top level of ecological planning, the whole process of life cycle management, and the moderately disturbed bottom layer of ecological engineering nodes, three levels are restored, theoretical integration guidance and technical restoration. Based on the three dimensions of the continuous symbiosis of nature, cost control of the economy, and public participation of the society, repair and activate the remaining plaques of the city to provide technical support for the construction and sustainable development of urban ecological civilization.

Assessment of Land Use Pattern and Landscape Ecological Risk in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle, Southwestern China

The Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle (CCEC) is becoming the fourth growth pole in China after the Yangtze River Delta Economic Circle (YRDEC); Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao Economic Circle (GBAEC); Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Economic Circle (BTHEC). The land use and landscape ecological management of the CCEC is critical to its social and economic development. Using ArcGIS modeling and Fragstats processing methods, we divided the CCEC into 5 km × 5 km ecological risk areas and constructed a landscape ecological risk index evaluation model to calculate the spatial and temporal dynamic changes in the urban expansion and landscape ecological risk over the last 20 years. The results show that the land use was mainly cultivated land, which exhibited a decreasing trend and was mainly converted to construction land and forest land. The change in the construction land exhibited a continuous expansion trend with the dual core in Chengdu-Chongqing. The average risk of 10,155 risk communities was about 0.16. The expansion of human activities increased the landscape ecological risk of the construction land, and the risk of the edge of the cultivated land was higher than the internal risk value. The ecological risk index values of 16 cities in the study area ranged from 0.02 to 0.28. The resistance of the landscape pattern to external disturbance was stronger than that in other regions of China. The landscape ecological risk is controllable overall. However, the higher level of economic development in Chengdu, Chongqing, and other mature cities poses a greater landscape ecological risk. The results of this research provide an important reference for promoting the optimization and construction of the land space in the CCEC, building ecological shelters, and preventing ecological risk in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.

Integrated framework of rural landscape research: based on the global perspective

ContextIn recent years, rural landscapes have played an increasingly important role in the fields of tourism, cultural heritage and ecology. Rural landscape research (RLR), which is characterized by diversity and complexity, has attracted more and more attention from researchers.ObjectivesThis study integrated the main research contents of RLR in the past 30 years by arranging the relevant research results and analyzing the research progress of RLR in order to understand the development trend of RLR, the distribution of research power, research hotspots and frontal research.Methods3740 relevant literatures from 1931 to 2020 were filtrated from the WoS Core Collection Database. Those papers were quantitatively data mined and qualitatively summarized by using Bibliometrics software for mapping and analysis.Results(1) The number of articles related to RLR increased exponentially over time. The average citations per paper increased fastest from 2002 to 2005. According to the characteristics of the number of articles and the average citations per paper, RLR can be divided into three stages from 1990 to 2020: the first stage is from 1990 to 1999; the second stage is from 2000 to 2008; the third stage is from 2009 to 2020. The second stage of RLR has attracted the most international attention among three stages. (2) According to the results of research strength analysis, Europe has a great influence in RLR. The Common Agricultural Policy and the European Landscape Convention are the main driving forces for the change of rural landscape in Europe. (3) At present, the five hotspots of RLR are rural landscape planning and management, cultural ecosystem services, urban-rural conflict, the sustainable development of rural cultural heritage landscape and the impact of landscape structure on habitat.ConclusionsRural landscape research was originally developed based on geography and ecology but has now developed to a comprehensive research direction of multidisciplinary and multi-methods with social, economic, culture and other elements. At present, the object of RLR covers the ecological landscape, production landscape, and cultural landscape of rural landscape system; the content of RLR has shifted from static pattern of rural landscape to dynamic evolution process, urban-rural conflict, cultural ecosystem service and multifunctional landscape trade-off; the research paradigm of RLR has changed from single dimension to multi-dimensional, and combined with “3S” technology and various landscape ecological model software. The correlation and mechanism should be studied between the rural landscape multifunctionality based on the perspective of multidisciplinary research and rural landscape system in the future, and carry out dynamic monitoring and trend simulation, so as to clarify the thinking and paths of rural landscape multi-functional trade-off and guide the sustainable development of rural areas.

Study of ecological water-demand security in the Linghekou Reserve of north-eastern China, based on landscape pattern

Context The socio-economic development and the expansion of urbanisation boundaries are constantly eroding the ecological resources of wetlands, making them deteriorate, weakening their ecological functions and making the phenomenon of water shortage within them obvious. Aim Through the study of water-demand model and water distribution process in coastal wetlands, we cannot only improve the current situation of water shortage within wetlands and optimise water allocation, but also improve the research content of ecological water demand in wetlands. Methods In this study, Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System technology were used to study the landscape distribution characteristics and ecological water demand of the Linghekou Reserve, on the basis of the landscape pattern index and ecological water-demand model. Key results The ecological water demand decreases year by year, with obvious spatial and temporal variability, and the areas with higher ecological water demand are located mainly in the central and southern parts of the reserve. Among the total ecological water demand, the biological habitat has the largest proportion of water demand, and plays an important role in ensuring the water-demand security of the reserve. Conclusion The ecological environment quality of the reserve not only affects the landscape distribution characteristics, but also influences the total ecological water demand. Implications This study provides a research reference for water-shortage problems caused by ecological imbalance, and provides a scientific basis for other wetland-related problems in north-eastern China.

Spatial and temporal analysis of landscape ecological quality in Yulin

Yulin is one of the important energy chemical industry area in China, located at the intersection of Loess Plateau and Mu Us Desert, and the vulnerability of ecosystem in this area is extremely prominent. Landscape ecological quality research helps to enhance ecological protection and high quality development in the region. The Remote sensing images in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2018 of Yulin were interpreted to the landscape thematic data by ERDAS and ArcGIS10 and the landscape ecological quality model has been established in terms of the landscape ecological stability and disturbance. This paper aimed to reveal the spatial–temporal characteristics of landscape ecological quality. The results showed that: (1) the trend of landscape ecological quality firstly improve then degrade and enhance again during 2000–2018. (2) the landscape ecological quality improved and the areas with poor and fair landscape ecological quality reduced and the areas with high landscape ecological quality increased from 2000 to 2010. (3) the ecological quality was not optimistic during 2010 and 2015, with the areas with high landscape ecological quality reduced.(4) the ecological quality improved again from 2015 to 2018, and the areas with highest landscape ecological quality reaching 65.201% of total area. The changes of ecological quality were mainly driven by the project of returning farmland to forest, which increased vegetation coverage, reduced soil erosion, and achieved obvious results in ecological benefits, and these results may provide helpful information for the ecological conservation and development. • The topic is novel. Currently, there are few studies on landscape ecological quality. • This paper is taking innovative research methods—stability and disturbance, and constructing a landscape ecological quality evaluation model based on the characteristics of the study area using the landscape ecological index. • The research results are helpful to increase the attention to the quality of landscape ecology which promote the further development of landscape ecology.

Land Cover Mapping and Ecological Risk Assessment in the Context of Recent Ecological Migration

In order to protect the ecological environment and solve the poverty problem in the western region, China has established an ecological migration (EM) policy. This policy aims to relocate populations from poverty-stricken areas with fragile ecological environments, which inevitably leads to changes in land cover and the ecological environment. The objective of this study was to identify the effects of EM in a typical region (Wuwei), including changes in the land cover and ecological risk (ER). A land cover change monitoring method was implemented for the 2010–2019 period for six land cover classes using random forest, which is an effective supervised machine learning method. The land cover change patterns were analyzed by determining the area changes of the six classes and applying a land use transition matrix, and a landscape ecological risk model based on landscape disturbance and fragility was used. Our results demonstrate that the increase and decrease in the area of cultivated land, unused land, and construction land can be divided into two stages (2010–2015 and 2015–2019). The area of water and perennial snow doubled during the study periods. The major land cover transitions were between unused land and construction land and between unused land and crop land. In addition, the ER value for the Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve decreased because of the implementation of EM in the study area, indicating that the ecological environment was effectively improved. The results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed approach in understanding the impact of EM on regional land cover changes and the ecological environment so as to provide guidance for follow-up planning and development.

Ecological Security Assessment Based on Remote Sensing and Landscape Ecology Model

The various ecological processes of human beings are not only restricted by the landscape pattern on the regional scale but also affect the local and regional landscape together with global climate change. To date, most of the research on ecological security is based on the pressure‐state‐response (PSR) model, while there were a few studies based on the landscape ecology model approach. In addition, there has been little literature focus on the dynamic change process of ecological security, especially the simulation and prediction of the future development trend of ecological security. The purpose of this research is to establish a landscape ecological security evaluation method based on grid division, be aimed at breaking the inherent drawbacks of the administrative region as a unit mode approach, anticipated to better reflect the landscape ecological security status of the study area. A complex framework was constructed by integrating random forest algorithm, Fishnet model, landscape ecology model, and CA‐Markov model. Multitemporal remote sensing data were selected as a data source, and land use maps of the study area were obtained through the random forest machine learning algorithm firstly. And then, the study area is divided into 307 grids of 2 km × 2 km using the Fishnet model. Next, the landscape disturbance index, landscape vulnerability index, and landscape loss index are used on the grid scale to establish a landscape ecological security evaluation model. Finally, ecological security assessment of Zhengzhou city was carried out, and the distribution map of the landscape ecological status in 1986, 1996, 2006, 2016, and predicted for 2026 was obtained. The results of the study showed that, as time goes by, the areas with high ecological safety gradually decrease. It is predicted that by 2026, the ecological security level of Zhengzhou will be dominated by lower ecological security areas. The research results can provide basic information and decision support for government agencies and land use planners to ensure responsible and sustainable development of the urban environment and ecology.

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Landscape Ecological Disturbance in Yulin

Yulin is one of the important energy and chemical bases, located in ecologically fragile region in China. Landscape ecological disturbance of which affects regional ecological protection and high quality development. Remote sensing images covering Yulin in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2018 were interpreted to process landscape thematic with the software ERDAS and ArcGIS10.2Landscape ecological disturbance model was established. Yulin is one of the important energy chemical industry area in China, located at the intersection of Loess Plateau and Mu Us Desert, and the vulnerability of ecosystem in this area is extremely prominent. This paper aimed to reveal the spatial-temporal characteristics of landscape ecological quality. The results showed that:(1)from the perspective of time change, landscape ecological disturbance fluctuates greatly, the degree of landscape disturbance decreased significantly and increased from 2010 to 2015 and reacheig its peak,(2)from the perspective of spatial change, the severe disturbance area is mainly concentrated in the areas with large population density and developed economy.

基于斑块尺度的云南省景观生态安全时空演变及归因

随着人类活动的需求增强和范围扩张，建设开发、农林种植等行为不断侵占和切分原有土地系统，导致区域景观斑块小型化和破碎化，产生了诸多生态问题。云南既是我国西南生态安全屏障，同时也是生态环境比较脆弱敏感的地区，研究云南省景观生态安全及其影响因素，对区域、国家乃至国际生态安全具有重要意义。以云南省为研究对象，提出基于斑块尺度的景观生态安全评价方法评估云南省1990-2018年近三十年的景观生态安全，采用空间自相关方法分析其时空演变规律，并通过地理探测器识别影响景观生态安全的主要驱动因子。结果表明：（1）与传统生态安全评价模型相比，斑块尺度的景观生态安全模型对区域内部景观生态安全的变化更敏感，能够反映区域内部多年景观生态安全状况的细微变化。（2）云南省1990-2018年整体生态安全成本成波动上升趋势，其中"三屏两带"地区的景观生态安全状况提升明显，而滇中城市群外围以及滇东南喀斯特地带的部分区域有所下降。云南省景观生态安全的Global Moran's I指数平均值为-0.293，区域内部斑块破碎，空间分布上具有离散性。（3）云南省景观生态安全状况目前主要受到人口密度、年平均温度和海拔高度的影响；从交互驱动方面看，云南省景观生态安全空间分布是自然和人文因子共同作用的结果，其中自然因子的交互驱动作用更明显。研究结果可为云南省景观生态安全格局优化提供理论支撑与科学依据。;With the increasing demand and scope expansion of human activities, construction and development, agriculture and forestry planting and other behaviors continue to encroach on and divide the original land system, resulting in the miniaturization and fragmentation of regional landscape patches, and ecological problems. Yunnan is not only an ecological security barrier in southwestern China but also an area with a fragile ecological environment. Study of landscape ecological security and its influencing factors in Yunnan Province is of great significance to regional, national, and even international ecological security. Taking Yunnan Province as the research object, this paper develops a landscape ecological security evaluation method in patch scale to evaluate the landscape ecological security of Yunnan Province in the past 30 years from 1990 to 2018 and uses the spatial autocorrelation method to analyze its spatio-temporal evolution law. And the main driving factors affecting landscape ecological security are identified by geographic detectors. The results show that:(1) compared with the traditionally ecological security evaluation model, the patch-scale landscape ecological security model is more sensitive to the changes of landscape ecological security and can reflect the subtle changes of landscape ecological security in the region for many years. (2) The overall ecological security cost of Yunnan Province fluctuated and increased from 1990 to 2018, in which the landscape ecological security in the area of three screens and two belts improved obviously, while the periphery of the urban agglomeration in central Yunnan and some areas in the karst zone in southeastern Yunnan decreased. The average Global Moran's I index of landscape ecological security in Yunnan Province is-0.293. The patches in the region are divided and the spatial distribution is discrete. (3) At present, the situation of landscape ecological security in Yunnan Province is mainly affected by population density, annual average temperature, and altitude; from the aspect of the interactive drive, the spatial distribution of landscape ecological security in Yunnan Province is the result of the joint action of natural and human factors, among which the interactive driving effect of natural factors is more obvious. The results can provide theoretical support and a scientific basis for the optimization of landscape ecological security patterns in Yunnan Province.

The Operation of the Three Gorges Dam Alters Wetlands in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

The operation of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) has significantly impact on downstream wetland ecosystems. This study applied 3S technology, landscape ecology, and computational models to investigate impact of the TGD on downstream spatial dynamics of floodplains in future. Results revealed the relationship between siltation patterns and wetland types transformation after the operation of the TGD, which are critically important to understand ecological characters dynamics in new environmental setting, and provide science-based conservation and restoration recommendation. After the operation of the TGD, changes between water surface and floodplains areas were spatial heterogeneity. With the increase of distance to the TGD, floodplain erosion force declining gradually. The most important finding is the asymmetric erosion between main river course and its associated floodplain lakes, e.g., Dongting lake.This has significant implications for dam operation in autumn and habitat management. After the operation of the TGD, floodplain in the estuary is driven by both the Yangtze river and ocean currents. The strong hydrological force and reduced sediments of Yangtze river drive erosion of the southern river course in the estuary, whereas, the weakened hydrological force in the northern river course attracts sedimentation.

Spatiotemporal Evolution of Landscape Ecological Risk Based on Geomorphological Regionalization during 1980–2017: A Case Study of Shaanxi Province, China

Land surface elements, such as land use, are in constant change and dynamically balanced, driving changes in global ecological processes and forming the regional differentiation of surface landscapes, which causes many ecological risks under multiple sources of stress. The landscape pattern index can quickly identify the disturbance caused by the vulnerability of the ecosystem itself, thus providing an effective method to support the spatial heterogeneity of landscape ecological risk. A landscape ecological risk model based on the degree of interference and fragility was constructed and spatiotemporal differentiation of risk between 1980 and 2017 in Shaanxi Province was analyzed. The spatiotemporal migration of risk was demonstrated from the perspective of geomorphological regionalization and risk gravity. Several conclusions were drawn: The risk of Shaanxi Province first increased and then decreased, at the same time, the spatial differentiation of landscape ecological risk was very significant. The ecological risk presented a significant positive correlation but the degree of autocorrelation decreased. The risk of the Qinba Mountains was low and the risk of the Guanzhong Plain and Han River basin was high. The risk of Loess Plateau and sandstorm transition zone decreased greatly and their risk gravities shifted to the southwest. The gravity of the Guanzhong Plain and Qinling Mountains had a northward trend, while the gravity of the Han River basin and Daba Mountains shifted to the southeast. In the analysis of typical regions, there were different relationships between morphological indicators and risk indexes under different geomorphological features. The appropriate engineering measures and landscape management for different geomorphological regionalization were suggested for effective reduction of ecological risks.

Restoration of Forested Lands under Bauxite Mining with Emphasis on Guyana during the First Two Decades of the XXI Century: A Review

Mining poses a major environmental threat to tropical forest ecosystems, given its role in long-term forest degradation. Like Suriname, Guyana presents one of the less disturbed forested lands in South America. The local economy is improving, thanks to the development of mining which is primarily focused on gold, diamond, and bauxite. This, however, has resulted in long-term degradation of important forest ecosystems and the pollution of water bodies, and these have given rise to increasing concentrations of sediments. Taking into consideration the afore-mentioned, this review synthesizes, for the first time, literature which describes knowledge-based restoration practices in forested fragmented landscapes at different bauxite mining areas. The principal objective of this endeavor is to learn from case studies that have been carried out in the Neotropics especially in South America, with a view to applying best practices to the Guyana context. It has been found that mining presents a serious challenge for physical, chemical, and biological restoration. Comprehensive knowledge of the ecology of the landscape—structure and configuration, soil type, physical, chemical and biological properties, dispersal mode, and the identification and quantification/inventory of plant communities is critically important pinpointed for planning restoration programmes. The process of recovering some of the ecological functions of the pristine forest, through natural regeneration, is vital to supporting biodiversity in overburden dumps and to mitigating environmental impacts. One of these many functions, functional connectivity, can be enhanced to optimize the restoration of forest cover leading to an increase in local biodiversity. Bearing in mind the afore-stated, this review synthesizes passive and active restoration through reforestation with local and exotic species, ecological management of colonization, nucleation practices, and the use of Landscape Ecology models. These have been identified as the most appropriate to follow, given that a spatially driven design can provide much needed knowledge of the restoration/reclamation plan for Bauxite Mine Lands. Ecologically sound designs are a catalyst for devising mechanisms which can (help to) reduce environmental impacts. These designs can also help to boost the velocity at which ecological processes operate, in order to increase the resilience of ecosystems and the connectivity between forest patches and continuous pristine forests.

Landscape ecological quality assessment and its dynamic change in coal mining area: a case study of Peixian

Coal mining area is a special man–land system, where the ecological environment is affected by coal mining and other human activities. While many studies have focused on landscape pattern change and its ecological effects, little attention has been paid to the comprehensive ecological quality and its dynamic change in coal mining area during long time periods, especially lacking an ecological effect assessment pre and post the land reclamation. This paper, taking the coal mining area of Peixian in Xuzhou, China, as a case area, presents a method of monitoring and assessing landscape ecological quality using a landscape ecological assessment model based on landscape ecological theories, remote sensing and geographic information systems technology. The results show that landscape ecological quality changed substantially, and the overall trend became worse gradually during 1990–2014. The landscape ecological quality gradually improved in the reclamation area but greatly deteriorated in the urbanized areas of Peixian between 2004 and 2014, indicating satisfactory reclamation activity. Coal mining, land reclamation and urban expansion were major factors that affected the ecological environment of Peixian. The present analyses result in a close range between the appraisal and actual situation, suggesting that the model is generally applicable. This work provides a quantitative method for assessing landscape ecological quality, and will contribute to future resource development, landscape planning and land reclamation in coal mining areas.

云梦泽圩田的生态模式设计研究

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 云梦泽圩田的生态模式设计研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201806151338 作者: 作者单位: 重庆大学资源及环境科学学院,重庆大学资源及环境科学学院,重庆大学资源及环境科学学院,重庆大学资源及环境科学学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家科技重大专项（2013ZX07104-004-05） A study on polder design in Yunmeng Marsh based on ecological models Author: Affiliation: College of Resource and Environmental Science, Chongqing University,College of Resource and Environmental Science, Chongqing University,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:云梦泽圩田是儒家井田制文化与云梦泽地区水文环境相结合的产物，是人们在长期治田治水实践中创造的一种独特的农田开发形式，然而，圩田这种土地利用方式利弊并存，如何挖掘这种传统水利田的生态智慧使之继续发挥作用是一个亟待解决的现实问题。以湖北朱湖湿地公园内的圩田恢复区为研究对象，以生态学思想为指导，从单纯的治田治水理念拓展为水利、生态、经济、文化与社会发展并重的多重理念，充分挖掘蕴含圩田之中的生态智慧，提出了"湖-圩"共生复合生态系统的生态模式，主要包括：小微湿地群模式、水陆界面生态调控模式、柔性设计模式和"河流-湿地"复合体模式。这些模式有助于云梦泽地区蓄洪防旱、水质净化、景观优化，以及生物生境等综合生态服务功能的实现，并促进云梦泽地区圩田景观文化传承与生态环境的协同共生，从而实现了智慧圩田的生态模式。这些生态模式是对圩田系统生态结构设计思路与方法的全新探索，可以为长江中下游地区圩田的景观保护与生态模式设计提供工程示范与参考。 Abstract:Polders are a product of a combination of the Confucian well field system and the hydrological environment of the Yunmeng Marsh area. Polders represent a unique form of farmland development created by people through long-term land management, including water control and harnessing paddy fields. However, there are several coexisting advantages and disadvantages of this mode of land use, so how to utilise the ecological wisdom from traditional paddy field use is a problem that must be solved urgently, so it can continue to play a role into the future. This study takes the polder restoration area in Zhuhu Wetland Park in Hubei Province as its research subject. In this study, a multifunctional polder system was designed based on ecological principles, with ecological, economic, cultural and social development benefits in addition to conserving water for flood prevention. Through fully evaluating the ecological wisdom of the polder system, a complex symbiotic "lake-polder" ecosystem in the ancient Yunmeng Marsh area was proposed, including the micro-wetland model, the land and water interface ecological regulation model, the flexible design model and the river-wetland complex model. These models were beneficial to the realization of comprehensive ecological services, such as flood control, water purification, landscape optimization and biological habitat provision, and promotion of the co-existence between the cultural heritage and ecological environment of the polder landscape, thus realizing the ecological model of intelligent polder in the Yunmeng Marsh area. This study represents a new exploration of the ecological structure of the polder system, providing an engineering demonstration and a reference for the landscape protection and ecological model design of polders in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献