Land Values Research Articles

Territorializing the Pearl River Delta: “state entrepreneurialism” in the cultural facility boom

ABSTRACT This research delves into the remarkable surge in cultural facilities within the Pearl River Delta (PRD) spanning the last forty years. It unveils the intricate interaction between entrepreneurial urban strategies and state-driven territorial authority. We reconceptualize these facilities as entrepreneurial tools serving the ideological goals of the Party-state. While expected to achieve economic sustainability through the synergy of symbolic assets and augmented land value, cultural facilities redirect urban entrepreneurialism to foster national pride, fortify internal cohesion, disseminate state dominance, standardize regional identity, or extend territorial influence. Thus, the emergence of the cultural facility boom in the PRD is not the outcome of a singular policy objective; rather, it is a confluence of diverse core interests of the Party-state, and the interplay between entrepreneurial practices and ideologies varies across historical periods. This thesis bridges a gap between China’s political-economic conditions, cultural facilities, and territorial power, thereby augmenting the “state entrepreneurialism” approach.

An integrated GIS-MCDM framework for zoning, ranking and sensitivity analysis of municipal landfill sites

ABSTRACT This study introduces a comprehensive Geographic Information System – Multi Criteria Decision-Making (GIS-MCDM) framework to identify and evaluate potential municipal landfill sites in Nashik, India. The approach integrates topographic, geomorphological, environmental, and infrastructure criteria to create thematic raster layers representing suitability for landfill development. Criteria include ground slope, elevation, land use, proximity to water bodies, land value, and infrastructure proximity. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to determine the relative weights of these criteria, facilitating the computation of the Landfill Suitability Index (LSI) and the creation of a suitability map. The analysis classified the 480 sq. km study area into five categories, with 6.79% of the area deemed “Very High” suitability. The TOPSIS method ranked 16 potential sites within high-suitability regions, identifying L10 near Adagaon as the most optimal site. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of site rankings under various weight adjustments, providing robust tool for evidence-based landfill site selection.

The capitalization of property rights to groundwater

AbstractThere is limited empirical evidence on the value of formal property rights to natural resources when they are not transferable, and there is regulatory uncertainty about enforcement. This paper takes a hedonic approach to understanding how three core features of groundwater property rights—access, allocation, and seniority—are capitalized into agricultural land values in the High Plains Aquifer region of Kansas. We find that groundwater access rights confer an average land value premium of 71%, or $1445/acre in 2019 dollars. Water rights having larger allocations and more seniority are more highly valued in the land market. The seniority effect is small but is consistent with more junior rights facing greater regulatory risk of curtailment. Taken together, these results suggest that the land market capitalizes constraints to groundwater pumping provided by groundwater property rights. We use our empirical estimates to quantify the distributional costs of modifying existing patterns of pumping, a common challenge of groundwater management organizations seeking to improve the sustainability of extraction.

Relationship between land urbanization and the ecosystem service value of land: evidence from Chinese land use

Relationship between land urbanization and the ecosystem service value of land: evidence from Chinese land use

Upscaling ecological restoration by integrating with agriculture

Transformative change is needed to align common small‐scale ecological restoration approaches with expectations to restore millions of hectares of degraded lands globally. Currently, most restoration projects target small areas using costly manual methods that cannot be scaled up to meet global commitments. We propose that a judicious integration of agricultural practices into ecological restoration offers an opportunity to address this issue. This transformative process relies on three sequential and interconnected steps: (1) ensure that sufficient land is truly available for restoration; (2) compensate for the loss of agricultural production, income, or land value to encourage landholders to opt for restoration; and (3) develop scalable, affordable, and effective methods for restoring native ecosystems across the pledged hundreds of millions of hectares to deliver benefits to both nature and people. Large‐scale terrestrial restoration will require incorporating agronomic practices into the restoration toolbox to go beyond vague, ambitious promises and wishful thinking.

The spatial impact of international reconstruction aid in the aftermath of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake

The 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal caused significant property and life loss, triggering a large influx of international reconstruction aid. This paper investigates the spatial implications of this international aid, particularly in Lalitpur. It examines how aid from NGOs and bilateral and multilateral agencies affects urban spaces, including rent, land values, and infrastructure distribution. The study focuses on Wards hosting aid projects and personnel and compares these to earthquake-affected Wards without aid presence as a counterfactual.Two key points emerge: 1) The clustering of aid organization headquarters (operational presence) creates negative externalities, favoring a rentier class over equitable distribution of housing and infrastructure. 2) Aid-funded reconstruction projects (project presence) shift amenities and businesses, accelerating inequity in ways distinct from operational presence. Two Wards in Lalitpur show notable negative impacts, including rising rents, changes in small businesses, and a shift towards catering to the rentier class due to the effects of aid.The research provides policy recommendations for local governments and disaster management authorities in Nepal to address these unequal impacts. Recommendations include monitoring and evaluating aid effects over time, collaboration, and the promotion of transparency in urban development and fiscal resilience.

The Total Economic Value of Lands with Civic Uses as a Tool for Their Protection and Enhancement: A Case Study in Tuscany

This study aims to quantify the economic value of environmental externalities by proposing an approach tailored to areas designated for “civic uses”. These areas fall within the broader category of “collective goods” on which the legislator places particular emphasis, especially in regard to their protection and enhancement. The technique applied in this study is the total economic value (TEV), quantified through a spatialization and modeling of socioeconomic and environmental variables on Geographic Information Systems. The methodology was used for a specific case study area, the forests of Land Association “Bosco dei Bardi” in the Tuscany region of central Italy. This area exhibits the same characteristics and fulfills the same functions as those designated for civic uses. The results demonstrate the importance of providing public decision-makers with appropriate tools to protect and enhance these areas. The results also underscore the economic significance of forest ecosystem services compared to average regional values. The study finally confirms that Land Associations present a promising avenue for revitalizing abandoned territories, consistent with civic use objectives.

Development of a Prediction Model for Construction Project Cost in India: an Analytical Approach A Review

The fundamental problem in the construction industry is that building projects are completed attaken a tolls significantly higher than estimated venture taken a tolls consequently, it is fundamental todevelop a taken a toll forecast show that detain all components influencing the extend taken a toll bymeans of relapse examination. Development costs are continuously inclined to vacillations, with a longtermdesign of expanding, making the estimating prepare a difficult errand. Vacillations within the fetchedof building materials have a noteworthy affect on foreseeing the esteem of a venture and, as a result, onthe project's great conclusion It is well known that civil engineering projects are prone to cost overrunsand schedule delays. Lack of project scope and frequent changes leads to a negotiation process interms of cost and time between the first partyowner and the second partycontractors. In the project lifecycle, cost forecast is a precursor to budget prices and resource allocation, thus it is critical for anyorganization. The following objectives are framed based on the literature study identify the constructioncost predictability of various tools, identify the various influencing factors to predict the material price ofcement and steel, model the Construction Cost Index (CCI), predict the construction duration (Especiallyfor highway projects, as compared to other kind of projects. They are having more obstacles to completethe task), predict the land value, Regarding this issue this paper find the best methodology for thePrediction Model for Construction Project Cost by analysising the different researchers papersresearch.

Application of GIS Based Re-Settlement of Land Record of Mouza Shahbat Khel, District Mardan (Pakistan)

A cadastral information system is a set of processes for parcel/property-based data collection, including land tenure, land use, and land value. The primary goal of the Massavi maps at the time was to depict the distribution, status, and yield of arable fields; other information (such as rivers) was relatively inaccurately drawn, leading to geometrical inaccuracies. It results in a significant loss for revenue collection and other objectives. Secondly, It is difficult to overemphasize how necessary knowledge is to the success of any planning, development, or management work. Having a reliable knowledge base is especially crucial for developing countries with limited resources. Another issue that many developing nations encounter is the lack of accurate land records in the real estate market. The cause can include ownership titles, unclear boundaries between private and collective rights, etc. Thus, there is an urgent need to focus on the creation and deployment of a national digital cadastral information system. Given the preceding context, this article outlines all the obstacles and limits that would arise when combining geometric and legal cadastral data to create a new digital cadastral system. A digital cadastral land information system comprises spatial data that represent legal boundaries of land parcels and provides a vital base layer for integration into other spatial Information systems or as a standalone solution that permits users to retrieve, create, update, store, view, analyze and publish land information.

LAND PROCUREMENT IN ORDER TO SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT REVIEWED FROM THE ASPECTS OF LEGAL CERTAINTY

Article 5 of the Basic Agrarian Law of Indonesia establishes that the earth, water, space, and their natural resources are under the control of the state, with the aim of achieving public prosperity in a just society. In developing the electricity system, as per Law No. 30 of 2009 on Electricity, land use necessitates compensation for land rights holders in accordance with Law No. 2 of 2012 on Land Acquisition for Public Interest and related regulations. Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 13 of 2023 addresses spatial planning, minimum distance for electric transmission networks, and compensation for land and buildings under these networks. However, land beneath the Extra High Voltage Overhead Line (SUTET) only receives compensation for land value, not for the use of the space beneath the line, leading to reduced land productivity and economic value. This research employs normative juridical research with statutory and case approaches, analyzing primary legal materials such as relevant laws and regulations. It utilizes legal theories including legal certainty, justice, and state welfare. The research finds that the current practice of not compensating land under SUTET, but only compensating for land value, results in economic disadvantage and lacks fairness. To promote legal certainty and justice, it is recommended that compensation provisions be explicitly regulated by law to address these issues comprehensively.

Neoliberal urban segregation and property tax: A critical view of Santiago, Chile

Urban property taxes are primordial land value capture mechanisms that can potentially redistribute public income to underprivileged areas in a city. However, in Santiago, Chile, a city with considerable socio-spatial segregation correlated with significant disparities in municipal budgets, social welfare, and intergenerational reproduction of wealth, the property tax system is weak to address this issue effectively. This study analyses the potential redistributive capacity of property taxes in Greater Santiago, comparing the evolution of real estate surplus values with municipal budgets. These results show that a 2% increase in property taxes would suffice to equalize per capita municipal budgets, essential to redistribute social welfare. In Chiles’s neoliberal planning framework, we argue that weak property taxes are critical for the intergenerational reproduction of wealth and poverty in different municipalities. Property as capital is efficient for capturing unearned value in the long term and obtaining rental income, two mechanisms of inequality reproduction, as property accumulation is only feasible if it is not progressively taxed. In sum, this analysis of property taxes in Santiago contributes to the theoretical understanding of passive mechanisms of inequality reproduction in a neoliberal system and empirical support for a progressive increase of property taxes.

Optimization of Methods for Rent Assessment of Land Parcels with the Permitted Use for Improvement

The paper deals with the comprehensive study of calculation methods and the author’s methodology for adjusting the amount of rental payments for land parcels in state ownership with the permitted use for improvement using the case of Irkutsk city. The paper is focused on the urgent problem of compliance with established principles for determination of rent for land parcels, especially the principles of predictability of calculations, prevention of deterioration in the economic condition of land users and support of socially significant activities. A study of domestic and foreign practice has revealed two main problems in calculation of land rent: the adequacy of the cadastral value of land, mainly due to taking into account the maximum number of relevant factors, and the correctness of adjustment factors to this value when determining the rental rate. Using Irkutsk city as an example, the following shortcomings were found in the existing approaches: inaccuracy of the calculations and fixed coefficients and percentages applied to the calculation of rent within the municipality, regardless of the forms of permitted use. Special attention is paid to areas intended for improvement. These areas cannot be classified as investment assets that bring economic benefits. It is proposed to individualize the determination of adjustment factors to the cadastral value, taking into account the cadastral quarter and the type of permitted use. The developed changes comply with the principles for determination of rent enshrined in the legislation of the Russian Federation. The proposed methodological improvements were tested by comparison of actual and estimated rent receipts to the budget of Irkutsk city in 2023. The application of the proposed methodology will prevent the termination of land lease agreements due to unreasonably inflated rent costs, ensuring a balance of public and private interests.

Enhancing agricultural land valuation in land consolidation projects through cooperative game theory and genetic algorithm optimization

The purpose of land valuation in land consolidation projects is to determine the relative value between lands of different quality, location and etc. This principle is crucial for ensuring fairness and justice among participants. Efficient land utilization and rural progress are hindered by the fragmentation of agricultural lands, necessitating land consolidation. However, fair valuation of parcels remains a challenge, impeding the success of consolidation efforts. This study delves into the intricate issues related to land consolidation and complex dynamics of decision-making in agricultural land valuation. This study aims to address the challenge of fair valuation in land consolidation projects by introducing a novel methodology that integrates cooperative game theory with metaheuristic algorithms. The goal is to increase the likelihood of stakeholders accepting land consolidation schemes by utilizing the interactive components of the decision-making process. This approach takes into account individual preferences of land owners and utilizes game theory to model competition, interaction, and cooperation among them. Central to this concept are genetic algorithm, which plays a key role in producing diverse solutions taking into account various landowners' priorities. A case study in Fartan village, Esfarayen city, Iran, is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the method. Two scenarios are examined: one combining unanimity fallback bargaining technique with Nash bargaining, and another incorporating fallback bargaining with impasse technique with Nash bargaining. Upon comparative analysis, the second scenario proves to be better in ensuring equity among stakeholders. It encourages landowners to negotiate decisively, using a process that integrates fallback bargaining with impasse and Nash bargaining, taking into account the varying levels of each owner's negotiation power in both steps. This ensures a negotiated outcome that respects the diverse priorities of each landowner. This scenario considers variations in individual negotiating power not only in Nash bargaining step but also in fallback bargaining and ensures a comprehensive and fair decision-making process during land valuation. This research introduces a novel strategy to enhance group decision-making in agricultural land valuation, fostering stakeholders' agreement and facilitating successful land consolidation projects. The proposed method provides a land valuation approach that can receive high degree of farmers' agreement and provides a good base to enter the next stages of the land consolidation.

Land valuation in the metaverse: location matters

Abstract In urban economics, transportation costs are a key determinant of land value. However, in virtual worlds, these costs are generally limited by the users’ ability to teleport. Drawing from urban and attention economic literature, we propose a theoretical model microfounded on user behavior. The model suggests that the relative value of land parcels hinges on their potential to attract visitors. Our empirical analysis supports this by demonstrating that location remains crucial in virtual worlds and highlighting the role of the teleportation threshold. We discuss the model’s general applicability, reaffirming the significance of location within most virtual worlds.

Land competition and its impact on decarbonized energy systems: A case study for Germany

In densely populated countries, land competition is a key challenge in light of a growing population and the land-intensive decarbonization of energy supply. We apply an energy system model using linear optimization to Germany as an example for a densely populated and industrialized nation with a high energy demand to show how land competition affects the economics of land-intensive renewable energies. Bioenergy crops are currently cultivated on 6.5% of Germany’s land area. We find that allocating only 6% of the total land to the future energy system, which is even less than the current allocation to bioenergy crops, allows for a system that is close to the cost-minimum that we calculate when not restricting the land area. This 6% of the land area is divided into 4% for photovoltaics (PV), 2% for onshore wind and 0% for bioenergy crops. This would save 15billion€/a (15.1%) relative to the system that matches current political targets for utility-scale PV. For areas exceeding this 6%, we find that the most cost-efficient utilization comes from bioenergy crops, but they only add value to the energy system if there is plenty of land available. The value of land to the energy system is at least twice as high for 0% remaining emissions when compared to the case of 10% remaining green house gas emissions, although both scenarios are separated by less than five years according to current German law. Both our findings underline that considering the value of land as early as possible is necessary when developing state policies that shall lead to cost-efficient renewable energy systems.

Value switching: Extracting profit from the city

Land and property, and the wealth extracted from it, has reappeared as a central concern in understanding the process of urbanisation under capitalism. Much of the academic discussion centres on the re-emergence of ‘rentier capitalism’ drawing on 19th-century concepts of land economics. However, the accumulation of wealth through property ownership and the development process points towards a value proposition contained in the land question that is not satisfactorily explained by notions of ‘rent’ or ‘rentier’ capitalism, rooted as they are on 19th-century concepts of the land development process. This article seeks to extend this debate by exploring multiple regimes of value that underpin the contemporary urban development process. The first part of the article maps out four intersecting regimes of land value, before arguing by reference to empirical analysis of land and property sales data in Sydney Australia that switching between these value regimes – value switching – is a key transformative moment in the urban development process. Specifically, this article argues that value switching, as triggered by the land use planning process, has become the key driver of urban development dynamics and adds a further dimension to theories on land and housing development in the financialised city.

Understanding Residential Land Value Drivers in Amman: Insights from Appraisers

Understanding Residential Land Value Drivers in Amman: Insights from Appraisers

Transportation, decentralization, and path dependence: How did the old tramway shape Shanghai, China?

This article studies the short- and long-run economic consequences of the now-extinct Shanghai tramway. Tramway was the primary mode of transportation in Shanghai between 1908 and the 1930s, continuing to operate until 1975. With the geolocation of the tramway lines on both historical cadastral maps and current Google maps, the article finds that after the arrival of the tramway, land lots close to the tramway lines experienced a larger increase in land value relative to those far away from the tramway lines, and that the reduction in transportation costs led to a flattening land value gradient with respect to distance from the central business district (CBD). It also finds that the tramway still influences the current pattern of urban land value, even nearly fifty years after the removal of the last tramway track. Such persistent influence can be largely explained by the follow-on amenities near the tramway lines. The evidence found in this article suggests that the tramway in Shanghai promoted decentralization by enhancing accessibility to the CBD from distant locations in its heyday, and influences modern behaviors through the mutually reinforced private and public coordination of economic activities.

Regional dimension of the efficiency-support nexus in agriculture: Testing the land value approach in Russia

State support for agriculture is a crucial tool for adjusting the competitive advantages of agricultural producers to a volatile market environment. In countries with diverse natural conditions for agriculture, however, the allocation of subsidies often focuses on bridging spatial development gaps rather than maximizing the return on inputs. To improve the efficiency of resource use in agriculture, it is essential to tailor subsidy criteria to regional disparities in agricultural potential. Using the example of Russia’s 81 administrative regions, the authors have tested a five-stage methodology for determining the support-generated parameters of output, efficiency, impact, revenue, and profitability. This methodology takes into account both natural and economic factors that contribute to the competitive advantages of each region. The study aims to identify the parts of the performance indicators, such as gross agricultural output and revenue, that are influenced by the amount of subsidies in five different types of territories, which are categorized by the cadastral value of their farmland. It has been found that the allocation of subsidies is not entirely based on the return on the funds allocated. There is a discrepancy between the competitive advantages of these territories in agricultural production and the amount of funds they receive through government support programs. The efficiency of government support differs significantly depending on the type of agricultural product produced in each territory. The approach developed by the authors provides a tool that policy makers can use when tuning the allocation of subsidies based on the differences in the agricultural potential of each territory.

Development of Land Suitability Assessment Applications for Sorghum, Sweet Potato and Sugarcane

Cultivation of food crops should be done on suitable land based on the results of the soil suitability assessment. The Soil Suitability Assessment Framework was initiated by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Today, smartphones have become a ubiquitous technology for solving problems in most environments, including: Assessment of soil suitability for food crops, plantations and many others. This white paper aims to address these benefits by transforming the framework into a mobile app. This solution aims to help land users conduct land valuations more effectively and efficiently. A rule-based system (RBS) algorithm is used to build the framework into a set of rules that are interconnected to draw land suitability conclusions. Regulations relate to annual rainfall, land topography, drainage, soil type, pH, flood risk, soil fertility, soil depth, etc. Only three of his food crops, sorghum, sweet potato, and sugarcane, will be evaluated in this study. Agroclimatic data governing crop suitability have evolved into generic and crop-specific criteria. An application that assesses land suitability for three food crops will be available on the Play Store for smartphones. Usability models were surveyed by 35 respondents who used the app. The user-friendliness of the app was evaluated as "very good."