Land Survey Research Articles

Evaluating the ability of a locally focused culling program in removing chronic wasting disease infected free-ranging white-tailed deer in Illinois, USA, 2003-2020.

In northern Illinois, chronic wasting disease (CWD) was first identified in free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; hereafter referred to as "deer") in 2002. To reduce CWD transmission rates in Illinois, wildlife biologists have conducted locally focussed culling of deer since 2003 in areas where CWD has been detected. We used retrospective spatial, temporal and space-time scan statistical models to identify areas and periods where culling removed higher than expected numbers of CWD-positive deer. We included 490 Public Land Survey "sections" (∼2.59 km2 ) from 15 northern Illinois counties in which at least one deer tested positive for CWD between 2003 and 2020. A negative binomial regression model compared the proportion of CWD positive cases removed from sections with at least one CWD case detected in the previous years, "local area 1 (L1)," to the proportion of CWD cases in adjacent sections-L2, L3, and L4-designated by their increasing distance from L1. Of the 14,661 deer removed and tested via culling, 325 (2.22 %) were CWD-positive. A single temporal CWD cluster occurred in 2020. Three spatial clusters were identified, with a primary cluster located at the border of Boone and Winnebago counties. Four space-time clusters were identified with a primary cluster in the northern portion of the study area from 2003 to 2005 that overlapped with the spatial cluster. The proportion of CWD cases removed from L1 (3.92, 95% CI, 2.56-6.01) and L2 (2.32, 95% CI, 1.50-3.59) were significantly higher compared to L3. Focussing culling efforts on accessible properties closest to L1 areas results in more CWD-infected deer being removed, which highlights the value of collaborations among landowners, hunters, and wildlife management agencies to control CWD. Continuous evaluation and updating of the culling and surveillance programs are essential to mitigate the health burden of CWD on deer populations in Illinois.

Неизвестная рукопись иркутского краеведа А. И. Лосева

The article discusses the biography of first Siberian ethnographers of Irkutsk A.I. Lo-sev and a historiographic review is carried out that considers his activities as a land surveyor and architect, evaluating his contribution to the study of the region. One of the first manuscripts with the description of the Lena river is analyzed and introduced into scientific circulation, which was identified in the funds of the library of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow (Poland).

Land Cover Classification of Resources Survey Remote Sensing Images Based on Segmentation Model

Land type survey is an important task of land resources survey and the basis of scientific management of land resources. With the increasingly prominent problems of population, resources, and environment, there is an urgent need for a fast and accurate classification method of large-scale land use and land cover based on remote sensing data. Traditional machine learning classification methods based on pixel classification achieved sufficient results and are widely used, such as maximum likelihood classification and random forests method. However, with the development of the novel technology of deep learning, in practical application, for multi-classified land resources, how to use the fast and effective classification method of low and medium resolution RS images needs further research. This paper takes the land resource classification of the Tonghe medium resolution RS dataset of the third land survey in China as an example to screen and compare traditional machine learning classification methods and semantic segmentation models FC-DenseNet56, GCN, BiSeNet, U-Net, DeepLabV3, AdapNet, and PSPNet, which aim to select the optimal feature extraction model. The results show that the classification accuracy of the U-Net model can reach 93.62%, which is more accurate and effective than traditional machine learning methods and other semantic segmentation models. It is suitable for multi-classification tasks of land cover resources in low and medium resolution RS images and shows a superior effect in practical application. Besides, the conclusion of this study can provide a demonstration for large-scale land cover resources investigation using low and medium resolution RS images.

Prospects for the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in land survey and land supervision

Prospects for the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in land survey and land supervision

EXPRESS ESTIMATION OF SOIL POLLUTION DENSITY BY PLANTING ISOTOPES OF CHERNOBYL ORIGIN

The article considers an approach of finding a rapid estimate of soil contamination density of plutonium isotopes in a radiological survey of agricultural lands on the south-western trace of Chernobyl radioactive fallout outside the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. An algorithm based on a linear correlation between values of 90Sr and 238,239,240Pu activity in soil samples was developed. The algorithm was tested during a radiological field survey of abandoned lands in Narodychi district. The results of the approbation showed a satisfactory convergence of obtained estimates of soil contamination with plutonium isotopes of Chernobyl origin with experimental results. The proposed algorithm may be a part of the decision-making system at reviewing the boundaries of radioactive contamination zones and returning in the use agricultural lands that were abandoned after the Chernobyl accident.

Criteria for performing a strategic environmental assessment of the measures proposed in the land management documentation

The article emphasizes that according to the provisions of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union, the legislation of Ukraine is gradually approaching the law and policy of the EU in the field of environmental protection, since Ukraine has undertaken to implement the provisions of Directive 2001/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council dated 27.06.2001 on environmental impact assessment of individual projects and programs. Attention is drawn to the fact that the definition of criteria for assessing the consequences of the implementation of project solutions of land management documentation for the environment, including the possible negative impact on human health, in the process of strategic environmental assessment should take into account the purpose of land management in terms of land protection, the creation of ecologically sustainable agricultural landscapes, forecasting , planning and organization of the rational use and protection of land at the appropriate levels of land management, development and implementation of a system of land management measures to preserve natural landscapes, restore and increase soil fertility, reclamation of disturbed lands and reclamation of unproductive lands, protection of lands from erosion, flooding, drying, landslides , secondary salinization, acidification, waterlogging, compaction, pollution with industrial waste and chemical substances, etc., conservation of degraded and unproductive lands, prevention of other negative phenomena. The author's version of the criteria for the implementation of the strategic ecological assessment of the measures proposed in the land management schemes and technical and economic justifications for the use and protection of the lands of administrative-territorial units, the territories of territorial communities, as well as comprehensive plans for the spatial development of the territories of territorial communities, general plans of settlements, detailed plans of territories, which are at the same time land management and urban planning documentation. The above criteria take into account the peculiarities of the development of land management documentation, which regulates the use and protection of state, communal and private lands, as well as the survey and exploration of lands.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ БЕСПИЛОТНЫХ ЛЕТАТЕЛЬНЫХ АППАРАТОВ ПРИ МАРКШЕЙДЕРСКОМ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИИ СЪЕМКИ ЛЕСНОГО ФОНДА

Nowadays, the surveyor has at its disposal a wide range of instrument park, which allows you to achieve the engineering goals set in the survey support of mining facilities. Unmanned technologies are gaining an increasing sphere of surveying measurements, which lead to minimal participation of a specialist in field work, but require a more classified approach to off-site processing. However, it is worth noting that each mining enterprise, for example, such as a quarry, having an exclusive boundary of work, called a license area, in its contour may have a forest area, which is an object that causes cer-tain difficulties for surveying support. This article tells about the possibility of using a short-range un-manned UAVs for surveying the forest area, as well as analyzing the result obtained and determining its compliance with engineering requirements when obtaining an up-to-date topographic plan of the area. To determine the possibility of using unmanned technology in mine surveying of a forest, theo-retical and experimental research methods will be used, including a significant set of empiricals, the mathematical processing of which will help to reveal the correlation dependences of aerial photo-grammetric survey parameters for the optimal use of a geodetic quadcopter. The result of the study given in this article will be a provision on the possibility of using unmanned technologies for aerial photogrammetric survey of a forest land, correlation dependences of flight parameters and their results will be determined, the derivatives of which will be topographic plans, the comparison of which will be carried out with plans, created by the classical method.

Tenancy and agricultural land use in Ukraine

The relevance of the research is due to the needs of planning of agricultural territories and the lack of comprehensive planning and mapping materials both within individual village head districts and on the territory of communities. Also, the conducted research is the basis for the formation of a land bank of specific land owners and land users; obtaining information about the location of land plots, their owner, tenant, area and monetary value. The purpose of the conducted work is visualisation of borders of land shares and study of the comprehensive information on use of share areas. During the research, methods of mapping of territories were used, using analogue and digital mapping materials. Desktop land surveyor software was used to create and process digital data. The limits of all generated cartographic objects have coordinates of turning points, which establishes the work with real spatial objects of the terrain. Research methodology involves a combination of all existing data on land plots, contained in the Ukrainian land cadastre base, as well as non-digital materials to establish the location of land plots, information about which is absent in the cadastre. As a result of research there were formed land plots in vector format within nine village head districts of Radomyshl community, as well as semantic information to each of them. Database, formed as a result of formation of semantic information of each land plot, contains data on the owner, purpose, area, tenant and monetary value. A thematic map of tenants within districts has been created. One of them is presented in the article as an example. The results of the created thematic maps of tenancies within the largest part of the community have been analysed. It was found that 60 % of the land share area has lease agreements. Limited liability companies prevail among the lessees (43 %). A much smaller area is rented by private enterprises (15 %) and farms (9 %). Not a single land parcel (share) is used by the owner. Despite the large rental area, the number of tenants is not significant. In total, there are 18 limited liability companies, 4 private enterprises and 9 farms. There are also private leases by citizens who are not owners of shares. The research presents data on the agricultural development of the study area and monetary value of the land shares. It was found that the actual ploughing is over 90 %, which is a significant indicator compared to other communities of Zhytomyr. Moreover, the area of reserve lands constitutes almost 1 thousand ha, which is 3 % of the total surveyed area. The largest area of reserve lands within the district is about 300 ha. On average, this figure is close to 100 ha. There are exceptions, districts, where there are no reserve lands at all. Within the study area, there is one district without reserve lands and one district with a comparatively small area (36 ha). The monetary value of land is low. The lowest monetary value of 1 hectare is 85 EUR, the highest - approximately 700 EUR. The average monetary value of the land is in the range of 300 EUR. The results obtained constitute a potential platform for the formation of fields; exchange of land plots to avoid "checkerwork" in the land use process; entering into lease agreements for the shares that are not legally used; arranging territories, which data are not available in the cadastre. In addition, the studies carried out are an integral part of community-wide surveys. There are also plans to extend them to a larger area to draw conclusions about the tenancy system within the Polissia region of Zhytomyr Oblast.

Framework conditions for the training of specialists for the land management industry in the countries of the European union

The paper deals with the issue of the framework conditions for the training of future land surveyors in the European Union. It is established that typical for Austria, Germany and France is the decentralization of land management functions, their implementation at different levels - from state to municipal. It is stated that the training of specialists for the field of land management is carried out taking into account the tasks of land management, land protection and landscape conservation.

В. Г. Белинский и Д. П. Иванов в Константиновском межевом институте

В. Г. Белинский и Д. П. Иванов в Константиновском межевом институте

Kőrösi Csoma Sándor utazásai, tudományos életműve és hatása a földrajz nézőpontjából

Many disciplines consider the oeuvre of Alexander Csoma de Kőrös as belonging to their field of expertise. His scholarly achievements are indeed related to linguistics, oriental studies, Tibetology, Indology as well as the history of religion, and Buddhism. Csoma de Kőrös’s interest in the original homeland of Hungarians was aroused by the articles of Ézsaiás Budai, György Pray and the lectures of Professor Blumenbach from the University of Göttingen. He mastered the Tibetan language and, using Tibetan literature hitherto unknown to European scholars, as well as his personal travel experience, he wrote a dissertation entitled “Land Survey of Tibet in Accordance with Tibetan Sources.” The paper contains important data on the characteristics of the Tibetan provinces discussing their economy and environment, as well as their mineral resources, rivers, lakes, and glaciers. Alexander Csoma de Kőrös had a significant intellectual influence on Hungarian geographers. Lajos Lóczy, Ervin Baktay, Jenő Cholnoky, László Kádár and Dénes Balázs all greatly valued his work. The Hungarian Geographical Society immortalized its memory with a laudatory medal. His statue was erected in the garden of the Hungarian Geographical Museum in 1984.

Новые данные об окружении Н. С. Лескова в Орловской губернии

The article reveals unknown pages of the biography of the writer N. S. Leskov’s father — S. D. Leskov, as well as the Strakhov family, close acquaintances of the Leskovs. The article contains biographies of the prototypes of N. S. Leskov’s characters, his estate neighbors in the Kromsky district. For the first time, data are presented on the previously unknown possessions of the Leskov family in the Kromsky district of the Oryol province. After the departure of the Leskovs from the province, they still owned small plots of land that connected the family with their native lands. The author of the article analyzes numerous documents from the State Archives of the Orel Region, the General Land Survey of the Kromsky District of the Oryol Province, on the basis of which observations are made of relatives, acquaintances, estate neighbors of the Leskov family. The paper shows how life facts of different importance and scale were used and generalized by the writer, getting into his creative laboratory.

柑橘园扩张对生态系统服务和景观格局的影响——以江西省信丰县为例

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 柑橘园扩张对生态系统服务和景观格局的影响——以江西省信丰县为例 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202108152249 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（71873053）；国家社会科学基金重大项目（18ZDA054） Effects of citrus orchard expansion on ecosystem services and landscape pattern: A case study of Xinfeng County, Jiangxi Province, China Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:柑橘园扩张是我国柑橘主产区较典型的土地利用/覆盖变化过程之一。但柑橘园扩张对区域生态系统服务和景观格局的影响尚不清楚，探明柑橘园种植的生态效应对柑橘主产区实现生态-经济协同发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。以江西省信丰县为研究区，基于第二次、第三次全国国土调查数据，借助InVEST模型、景观格局指数、图谱分析等方法，结合地形梯度和相关性分析，对柑橘园扩张所致的生态系统服务和景观格局变化及其权衡与关联进行分析。结果表明：①2010-2019年，柑橘园扩张方向以占用林地和耕地为主，柑橘园面积从9961.29 hm2增至12633.84 hm2，其中新增柑橘园7504.72 hm2，退出柑橘园4832.16 hm2，区域内柑橘园转换频繁。②柑橘园扩张导致信丰县景观格局总体呈现破碎化趋势，景观连通性降低，并对土壤保持服务和碳储量服务产生负向影响，对柑橘供给服务产生正向影响，对产水服务几乎无影响。③不同类型柑橘园在不同地形梯度上的扩张对生态系统服务的影响方向和程度存在差异。④在权衡与协同分析中，供给服务与支持服务呈权衡关系，碳储量-产水、碳储量-土壤保持等支持服务之间呈协同关系；景观破碎化与生态系统服务显著关联。研究结果可为经济作物大规模种植区的园地合理开发利用和生境保护提供科学依据。 Abstract:The conversion of natural forest and cultivated land to citrus orchard has become one of the typical land use/cover change processes in major citrus producing areas in China. Enlarging citrus cultivation can bring promising profitability to smallholders. However, the ecological consequences of enlarging citrus cultivation on ecosystem services (ES) and landscape patterns remain unclear. It is of great significance to explore the ecological effects of citrus orchard scale planting on the eco-economic synergistic development of major citrus producing areas. This paper focuses on analyzing the changes of ESs and landscape pattern, their correlation and the tradeoff/synergy of ESs change caused by citrus orchard expansion, using a case of Xinfeng County, Jiangxi Province. First, we used TUPU analysis methods to characterize the spatial and temporal variation of citrus orchard expansion from 2010 to 2019, based on the data of the secondly and thirdly national land survey. Second, InVEST model was employed to evaluate critical ES dynamics caused by citrus orchard expansion, and then we analyzed its differences in different terrain gradients. Third, we applied correlation analysis to examine the tradeoffs between ESs and the relationships between ESs and landscape patterns. The results showed that:(1) from 2010 to 2019, the expansion direction of citrus orchards was mainly converted from forest land and cultivated land, and the area of citrus orchards increased from 9961.29 hm2 to 12633.84 hm2, with 7504.72 hm2 newly transferred in and 4832.16 hm2 transferred out. The contradiction among forest land, cultivated land and citrus orchard is prominent in Xinfeng County. (2) The expansion of citrus orchards has boosted the supply of citrus supply services, whereas it had a negative impact on soil conservation services and carbon storage services. Soil conservation and carbon storage services decreased by 67.19% and 35.98%, respectively, from 2010 to 2019 throughout the region as a whole. Surprisingly, its impact on water yield services was not significant, with only a 5% reduction over the research period. Moreover, citrus orchard expansion has also resulted in a decrease in landscape connectivity and a trend of fragmentation in Xinfeng County. (3) The expansion of different citrus orchards on different terrain gradients had different effects on ESs. (4) In the tradeoff and synergy analysis, there was a tradeoff relationship between supply services and support services, and there was a synergy relationship between carbon storage-water yield and carbon storage-soil conservation. It is found that landscape fragmentation is significantly correlated with ESs. These results can provide scientific evidence for the rational development and utilization of gardens and habitat protection in large-scale cash crop planting areas. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Экономические примечания к Генеральному межеванию по Устьсысольскому уездукак источник по социально–экономической истории Коми края в первой половине XVIII века. История проведения, описание и вопросы датировки

Based on the materials of Economic Notes to the General Land Survey of UstSysolsk Uyezd, the problems important for the socio-economic condition of the territory are considered, such as total population, sex composition of the population, the number of yards in settlements, the size of arable land, hay mowing, soil and forests quality, the boundaries of volosts (by geographical objects), occupation of residents. The analysis of the source was carried out and an attempt to date it was made.

Near-real-time gradually expanding 3D land surface reconstruction in disaster areas by sequential drone imagery

The ability of drones to access disaster areas has been proven powerful and flexible for acquiring first-hand optical imagery data for environmental observation. However, such imagery data usually undergo postprocessing, and the three-dimensional (3D) products are mainly for accurate land surveys. The postprocessing procedure is too time-consuming to meet instant decision support and rescue response requirements. Therefore, this paper intends to develop a systematic workflow that is able to achieve on-the-fly 3D reconstruction in disaster areas by optical imagery sequentially acquired by drones. This study proposes a strategy to spatially link sequential images (SLSI) for image localization and suitable stereopair selection. In addition, the criteria for valid epipolar stereoapair determination are developed to make the 3D dense reconstruction more automatic and effective. The 3D digital land surface can be gradually reconstructed and expanded in the computer system while the drone is capturing new images. This paper utilizes the imagery dataset of collapsed buildings induced by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake in Japan to simulate the more effective 3D reconstruction. Although the accuracy of the consequence is reported to be closely one meter, the mean data processing time for every image can achieve the level by approximately ten seconds while performing the proposed scheme on an iMac with Intel Core i5 and 16 GB random access memory (RAM). As a result, the efficiency and computational power needed are significantly reduced to support emergency applications soon after a disaster occurs.

일제시기 토지소유권 확립을 둘러싼 사법적 분쟁의 해소 –김성윤과 도요타 후쿠타로의 소송을 중심으로-

The Governor General office of Joseon was planning to establish land ownership rights in Joseon, and also recognize those rights as ‘Original acquisitions(原始取得),’ only through the so-called process of ‘inspections(査定),’ which were executive orders that resulted from the Joseon Land Survey Program. However, no other than the High Court, which harbored the highest legal authority in colonized Joseon, ruled that the land ownership rights established by judicial trials should also be recognized. This created a situation in which a piece of land could be subjected to both an ownership established by an executive order, and an ownership established by a judicial trial, at the same time.<BR> This case was also noteworthy in the sense that it was an instance in which a Court of Justice would present an opinion that was different from that of an executive office ruling a colonized society. And the stance of the High Court in this case was also a deviation from the principle of ‘One right for one object(一物一權)’ and ‘One lord for one land(一地一主),’ as defined in the Old Civil Law(舊民法) which had been serving as the Primary law for the civil legal areas in colonized Joseon.<BR> But at the same time, the High Court in Joseon was also part of the Governor General Office. The High Court did amend previous rulings through a Joint Session examination, and acknowledged the ultimate (and superior) legitimacy of the land ownership rights established by executive orders. The Court also limited the range of efficacy of the ownership rights established through judicial trials, rendering it a right which could simply not be used, profited from or disposed.<BR> So, with the High Court’s decision in 1925, the conflict between sister organizations over the issue of establishing land ownership rights in Joseon was resolved, and the rights generated by the Joseon Land Survey Program were acknowledged and recognized as ‘Original acquisitions.’ The ‘Inspections,’ which enabled all this and now considered to be the beginning point of Korean land ownership rights, was in fact created by the Governor General office in Joseon, the quasi-state authority and an executive office which overpowered the judicial branch during the Japanese occupation period.

Yabancı Silüeti Yeniden Şekillendirmek ve Eski Osmanlı Yerleşmelerinin İslami Silüetinin Dönüştürülmesi; Yunanistan Örneği

Due to the fact that ethnic geography is often forgotten in studies on historical geography, the main factor in the differentiation of geographical environment is often attributed to a change that its subject is variable. However, the subject is immutable and human being. People transform their environment in various ways according to their economic, cultural, religious, and social needs. Cities that change hands with political movements change completely after a while, and in some, almost everything can be erased except relief. Changing recreational and cultural areas, cultural texture, and changing city culture of cities have revealed new cities known with their old names, and sometimes they have reappeared in the world geography as new cities where even their old names have been changed. In this case, the existence of a historical German town with a German name and a German texture in its architecture in a country like Azerbaijan and a minaret that could stay in the middle of Hungary gains even more meaning. While changing cities preserve the changing cultural and architectural environments within themselves, many buildings that need to be preserved are sometimes deliberately erased from the silhouette of the cities, sometimes within the context of the historical process, natural disasters, and needs. At this point, the settlements, with their different periods of transformation differing from their former inhabitants and cultures, create areas that history and geography should deal with together. In this study, the spatial transformation caused by the human being was evaluated together with the sample settlements, old and new photographs, and street views, and the reasons affecting this change and the differentiation it revealed were emphasized. In the study, the relevant literature was scanned and the necessary archival documents and the reports of the competent authorities were used, but more land surveys and interviews were made. The main ethnic element living in the place and the issues such as ignoring its own existence in the environment where it lives and paving the way for other places of worship, as well as the construction of Non-Community churches in Muslim villages, zoning law in the country and the tenders for its past, and the ethnocultural environment shaped as a result of these and the changed human geography have been revealed. The main difficulties encountered in the making of this study were the inadequacy of the relevant literature within the scope of the article, as well as the reluctance of official authorities (Greek institutions) to provide documents and their presupposition that there is no double standard against Muslim religious institutions. despite this, the obvious deformation of the silhouette on the field and the scraping of historical artifacts from the city silhouettes, almost as if history were disregarded, were so obvious that no documents other than photographs were needed. Despite this, the part of the old mosques that were allowed to exist, especially in Western Thrace, should have been considered in a separate category. In this context, in the analyzed regions, practices such as destruction, hiding, concealment, or leaving them to be demolished have also been observed. Before this study, the antithesis of the thesis put forward in the article was also examined separately and the possibility of the coincidence of the issues mentioned in the study was also emphasized. In this context, the article has been written with skepticism, from a middle point, and an unbiased perspective. However, in almost all practices, it has been clearly seen that there was no protectionist tendency by Greek authorities towards Muslim religious structures and they do not leave them in their "actual form" as they should be on the city skyline, regarding them as "alien objects". As a matter of fact, this view of the Greek authorities has been proved and revealed by the pictures from the field as well as the statutes and the documents based on the data obtained from the interviews conducted with concerned authorities through the instrumentality of ethnography, discourse analysis, and grounded theory.

A hierarchical approach for fine-grained urban villages recognition fusing remote and social sensing data

Timely and accurate maps of fine-grained urban villages (UVs) are essential for rational urban planning, which highlights the importance for automatic recognition methods as alternative to labor-intensive land survey, especially for large cities with high-density urban areas where UV maps cannot be updated frequently. However, it is challenging to simultaneously achieve accurate and fine-grained recognition of UVs from remote sensing images in high-density cities, due to the problem of low discrimination of remote sensing features showed in UVs. To address this issue, in this paper, we have proposed a hierarchical recognition framework which can integrate remote and social sensing data to recognize fine-grained UVs. The hierarchical framework follows the human cognition processes and has explicit geographical meaning for each step, which ensures its interpretability. Besides, remote and social sensing data can be fused easily in this framework so that the abstract concept of UV can be sufficiently characterized in both coarse and fine scales. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, extensive experiments in Shenzhen, a typical high-density megacity in China with complicated UVs, have been conducted and a fine-grained map with spatial resolution of 2.5 m was obtained. The results show that the proposed approach achieved an impressive performance, with overall accuracy and Kappa of 96.23% and 0.920 respectively. Furthermore, comparative assessments and ablation studies were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the hierarchical recognition framework as well as the fusion of remote and social sensing data.

Modeling dam deformation in the early stage of internal seepage erosion – Application to the Teton Dam, Idaho, before the 1976 incident

Internal seepage erosion of dams is hidden from view and can cause unanticipated dam failure and calamity. Recognition of dam deformation associated with internal erosion may identify the occurrence of internal erosion and provide early warning to the public on the oncoming failure; but quantitative analysis of dam deformation due to internal erosion is currently lacking. In this study we formulate the early stage of internal erosion and dam deformation by using a numerical model that couples several aspects of the problem, including groundwater flow, erosion and transportation of solid particles, and deformation of the solid skeleton. We apply the model to the Teton Dam of Idaho, which failed in 1976 due to internal erosion. Our simulation shows that the early stage of internal erosion degrades the stiffness of the dam and produces recognizable ground subsidence. It increases porosity and permeability and accelerates flow and internal erosion in a positive feedback process. The predicted magnitude of the surface deformation of the dam during the early stage of internal erosion ranges from several cm to tens of cm that may be detectable with current land survey and space geodesy. Detection of such deformation during the early stage of the internal erosion of the dam should provide sufficient early warning to the oncoming failure. Our result suggests that continuous geodetic monitoring may be an effective measure to detect the occurrence of internal erosion, together with an early warning system, may help to mitigate dam failure and the loss of life and properties.

Periferie plurali: il caso di Scampia (Napoli) oltre gli stigmi

In the analysis of the relationship between social and spatial dynamics, the peripheries assume, from the perspective of social geography, the role of an ideal laboratory for observing and interpreting the conditions of discomfort and marginalization. The contribution focuses on Scampia, the northern district of the city of Naples, which represents, together with other Italian suburbs, a context where the gaze that is exercised is too often conditioned by a stigma of decay, also fueled by some media simplifications. Through the reconstruction of the genesis and history of this district, with the contribution of the various land surveys carried out, we try to return a more articulated vision.