Land Alienation Research Articles

Experimental mining of three coal seams by transportless technology

In conditions of market economy and competition it is of great importance to reduce the cost of coal mining. It is especially important when mining coal at the complicated deposits of Kuzbass. In these conditions it is important to choose the technology of stripping and winning works, providing a minimum cost for them. There are two essential factors for achieving this goal: reduction of expenses on transportation of overburden and expenses connected with alienation of lands for external dumps and their reclamation. Therefore, promising technologies are those that ensure the placement of the maximum amount of overburden in the internal dump. This condition sets the task of expanding the scope and boundaries of application of transportless technology, which is used in Kuzbass both independently and in combination with transport technology. In particular, the combined technology is used at Chernigovets open pit mine, where the upper part of the quarry field, containing Kemerovsky seam, is mined using transport technology. The lower part up to 70 m high, which includes three flat seams: Volkovsky, Podvolkovsky I, Podvolkovsky II, on an experimental basis is mined by transportless technology (the volume of stripping works is 5-10 % of the total volume). A distinctive feature of the experiment is the performance of stripping and winning operations with a single dragline excavator, which eliminates the cost of maintaining the rope shovel and bulldozer. Therefore, the experience of using this technology is of practical interest for other open pits in the basin, as well as for any other quarries with similar mining and geological conditions.

Regspraak: Géén teenprestasie vir ’n serwituut van parkering oor eiendom van ’n aandeleblokskema – bedenklik – ook wat kompetensie betref

The consequence of encumbering property with a perpetual praedial servitude is to burden all subsequent rightful holders of the servient tenement with the encompassing restriction to their entitlements as holders of the real right to the property. Such an encumbrance results in a severe subtraction from the dominium of the servient property. It would be deemed proof of prodigality if an owner were to consider such encumbrance unless a reasonable quid pro quo is received in lieu of the encumbrance, and this may take the form of damages payable to the owner of the servient property. The competencies of prodigals are restricted in their own interest and any perceived unassisted disposals of their assets are deemed a nullity. The same applies to any perceived disposal of valuable assets if the law limits the competency of the party to the disposal. In light of the premise that when in doubt any presumed servitude should be interpreted restrictively it is submitted that a court should be sceptical when claim is laid to a perpetual servitude encumbering 250 out of a total of 311 parking spaces in a housing development scheme for retired persons for the benefit of unspecified generations of clients frequenting businesses housed on the neighbouring property if no meaningful quid pro quo was paid by the owner of the neighbouring property and the competence of the directors who mandated a lawyer to register the servitude may be doubted. In order to protect the interest of holders of an interest in a share block scheme or a housing development scheme for retired persons the legislature enacted that any subtraction from the dominium of such schemes as owners of immovable property may only be agreed to when mandated by a special resolution. In the Olive Marketing case no special resolution was minuted where the required decision had been taken. On account of a stipulatio alteri the first defendant acquired the property from the eThekwini Municipality in terms of an agreement of sale to which it was not a party. The sale agreement provided that a parking servitude over the subject property would be created in favour of the adjoining property as dominant tenement. The court held that: it was the clear intention of the municipality and the buyer to create a praedial servitude, and the agreement of sale accurately reflected this intention. This judgement regarding the obligatory agreement may be sound but it is submitted that the court failed to consider whether any valid real agreement could be concluded to transfer the limited real right of the servitude unless the statutory requirements were met. By its signature to the sale agreement, the buyer had bound itself to grant and register the servitude, but the buyer never acquired ownership of the property. The plaintiff only acquired ownership of the perceived dominant property fourteen years later and was not a party to the original sale. Therefore, it is doubtful whether he was entitled to compel the first defendant to cooperate in registration and the utilisation of the so-called praedial servitude. If a servitude was involved, it is submitted that at most a personal servitude could have been considered, because the utilisation of the parking spaces does not meet the requirement that the entitlement of the servitude must benefit the dominant property and not the drivers of the vehicles seeking parking. It is comparable to the well-known examples of a personal servitude to play tennis on the servient property or the walk on that property, but such a personal servitude is not transferable and is extinguished by the death of the holder. It does not burden the servient property in perpetuity. The court’s finding that the special resolution requirement under section 4B of the Housing Development Schemes for Retired Persons Act 65 of 1988 was not applicable because the registration of the servitude did not impact on a right of occupation under the act cannot be supported. The special resolution requirement prohibits not merely the alienation of land intended to be used for occupational purposes in the narrow sense but also aspects that impact on the quality of the housing of the residents including the parking facilities. It is submitted that any subtraction from the dominium is included under the restriction and requires a special resolution and the transfer of such a perpetual praedial servitude does subtract from the dominium.

Enhancing Tribal Land Tenure Security in Odisha: Otelp- Landesa Partnership

Context Landlessness continues to be high, more so among scheduled tribe (ST) households, in tribal dominant states such as Odisha. This can primarily be attributed to the existence of historical weaknesses in land administration systems. Current legal frameworks to prevent tribal land alienation, ensure restoration and implement provisions to settle Government lands - both agricultural and homestead - are not adequate. Tribal development projects aided by external entities have been trying to improve the tenure security of tribal communities by enhancing access to un-surveyed agriculture lands on hill slopes, as well as homestead lands. Interventions Landesa, an NGO, partnered with the Odisha Government on its Tribal Empowerment and Livelihoods Project (OTELP) to enhance the land rights of tribal households by facilitating grants to homestead land as per existing legal and schematic provisions. This involved the engagement of trained Community Resource Persons to assist the Revenue Department in terms of enumeration, coordination and land allotments and also entailed specific provisions for women. Lessons A flexible project framework and strategic government-NGO partnership can help overcome resource gaps in the land administration framework and improve service delivery to address tribal homesteadlessness. Village level assistance and enumeration is critical to identify actual cases of land-deprivation and also de-facto land availability for homesteads. While it is possible to address homsteadlessness through such a bottom-up process (involving assistance provided to the Revenue Department), overcoming agriculture landlessness and improving access to cultivated land will require strong political buy-in and administrative coordination at a large scale.

Diaspora Digitalized in Michelle De Kretser’s 'Questions of Travel' and Kiran Desai’s 'The Inheritance of Loss'

The research work explores the diasporic aspect of immigrants’ lives while living on the digital platform. Then, it attempts to investigate how digital technologies have assisted diasporic individuals to consider their new acquired time and space as comfort zone. All Diasporas in today’s world live in the transnational location which makes them get connected digitally with their roots at the same time. So, diasporic individuals are supported and assisted by the digital technologies. The more the immigrants make use of these technologies while living in the transnational location the more they go global and at the same time get connected with the local.
 To demonstrate this argument, the research examines and analyzes Kiran Desai’s novel “The Inheritance of Loss” and Michelle de Kretser’s novel “Questions of Travel” in order to show how immigrants being assisted by the digital technologies, despite the cultural wilderness and oddities encountered in the alien lands, celebrate their comfort zone, and live on the transnational location. The analysis part is reached through by referring to the works on identity; digital technologies, nationalism and trans-nationalism that help assess validity of the argument proposed herein.

Cross-Cultural Conflict and Pursuit of Identity in Ameen Rihani’s The Book of Khalid

Multiculturalism is an outcome of developing global culture emanating from ceaseless flow of people between nations and intercultural interactions. Crossing the borders results in psychological transformation of the immigrants as their ethnic identity shaped by social, religious, historical and political forces over decades is in continual flux. Though different kinds of responses to the situation of cultural multiplicity may be diagnosed, the fact remains that there are no simplistic ways of dealing with or responding to multiculturalism. The immigrants face cultural clash and find difficulties in acculturating. When the immigrants come to install in another country, they are accosted with a new culture, a new statute and a reserved group of people who do not mix so very easily. Everyone does not have the capacity to adjust their feelings and mind. They form a community of diaspora who are always reminded of their roots in an alien land. The impact of diasporic experiences on immigrants’ psyche depends on their level of belonging in an alien land. Ameen Rihani’s odyssey from Lebanon to United States gives him a cutting edge over his contemporaries to be established as most revered author of Arabs diaspora abroad. Rihani, molded and transformed by the cultures of his countries of origin, movement and settlement, has been earnestly engaged in re-conceptualizing the idea of diaspora as a profitable affair as opposed to the popular beliefs that render immigration and displacement as a condition of loss. His novels are bulging with different protagonists of staunch spirit and calibrating credence who win the tussle with cultural conflict and in the process evolve and finally lost. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how Rihani’s protagonist Khalid in his novel of the same name evolves with cultural changes, endeavors for pursuit of identity in both origin and adopted worlds and finally takes control of his destiny.

Issues of Alienation and Racial Prejudice in Kamala Markandaya’s The Nowhere Man

When a person migrates to an alien land, he instantly turns into an outsider–a pariah. He has to struggle a lot both for his new identity and to overcome his feelings of nostalgia. Being accustomed to a social and cultural life, he desires acceptance of the society and assimilation to the new culture. But what he gets is a sense of loss and alienation and hence suffers from insecurity and identity crisis. Gradually, he attempts to adapt to the new ways of life and the new milieu of that adopted land and tends to forget his past. But the irony starts when he returns to his native land only to find himself an alien in his own culture. Hence a migrant who returns finds himself a nowhere man. Markandaya’s novels depict diasporic dilemma arising due to migration and the consequential rootlessness, loneliness and anxiety. This article traces alienation and its aftermath as depicted by Kamal Markandaya in her novel The Nowhere Man.

UK’s Regulations on Foreign Ownership of Land-Historical and Practical Perspectives

This article provides an overview of alien land policies in the UK. It firstly identify the historical background and legal framework associated with UK’s Regulations on Foreign Ownership of Land, which are then drawn on to address the extent to which immigration law affects the property rights of aliens. It further discusses the regulation on acquisition of land by alien enemies to which national security issues are related. The concluding part will establish an integrated framework regarding how the UK has responded to political, economic and social concerns in making and modifying its alien land law.

Consideration of administrative cases on forced alienation of land plots for motive public needs: judicial practice and perspective

The article analyzes the legal basis of the courts in considering administrative cases of forced alienation of land for reasons of public necessity. The subject of research within this scientific article is public relations that arise during the judicial review of administrative cases of forced alienation of land for reasons of public necessity. The objectives of the study within its subject are: to clarify the legal basis for the judicial review of administrative cases of forced alienation of land for reasons of public necessity; determination of court proceedings for this category of administrative cases; clarifying the shortcomings of the jurisprudence of this category of cases and making individual proposals for its improvement. As a result of the analysis of case law, the authors conclude that when considering this category of cases the most difficult problems are: lack of effective pre-trial dispute resolution, difficulty of collecting and evaluating evidence in the case, in particular regarding confirmation of land valuation and legality of its intended use. social needs; determination of the terms of court proceedings, execution of a court decision, etc., the solution of which determines the purpose of the study. In the framework of the study, in order to fulfill its tasks, the materials of the practice of consideration of this category of cases by the courts were analyzed. plots for public needs; determining the truth of "public needs of forced alienation of land and objects located on it"; determining the objectivity of the assessment of the alienated property. Some scientifically substantiated directions of improvement of legal bases of activity of courts concerning consideration of administrative cases on compulsory alienation of the ground area for reasons of public necessity are offered.

Advantages and risks of opening the land market in Ukraine

The relevance of the study is due to the abolishment of the moratorium on the sale of agricultural land and the risks arising from the land market opening in Ukraine. The paper aims to identify the effectiveness of land mortgages for the agricultural sector of the economy and determine the mechanisms of state policy aimed at legal groundwork to guarantee rights of landowners. The comparative analysis of the land market development in the Central European states contributed to identifying system-based state management of land market formation processes, which had a positive effect on the land reform outcomes in these states. The analysis results confirmed the timeliness of the land market opening in Ukraine, which is related to the chosen economic and political course. The investment attractiveness of the Ukrainian agro-industrial complex is due to high productivity of lands and is supported with the possibility of mortgaging agricultural land. Neutralization of factors hindering the foreign investment attracted to agricultural business will contribute to the attraction of efficient technologies and highly productive use of the agricultural land in Ukraine. Some measures aimed at the land relations transformation in Central Europe do not consider the peculiarities of the Ukrainian agricultural sector. In particular, it is not reasonable to sell agricultural land to foreigners. Assessment of certain provisions of the Law of Ukraine ‘On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on the Conditions of Agricultural Land Transactions’ No. 552-IX shows the inevitability of abuse by foreign-owned banking institutions of the possibility to alienate the lands pledged under any loan agreements. Criminalization of evasion from the alienation of agricultural land as collateral will prevent the risks of acquiring Ukrainian agricultural lands by foreign-owned banking institutions. It is concluded that the banking system will only perform the functions of an investor in the agricultural sector of the economy, so there is a need to strengthen the state regulation of the land market in Ukraine.

Tribal Land Rights: A Situational Analysis in the Context of West Bengal

Tribal communities in India are most deprived. Socio-economically, they are poor and marginalised. The root cause of socio-economic marginalisation can be attributed to alienation of tribal people from their land, territory and resources. The overall situation of the tribal population of West Bengal is not better than the national average, even more deprived than the tribal population of other states. Despite progressive land reform laws and political commitment to implement such laws, issues of tribal land rights have not been addressed adequately. There is no such exclusive study to understand the situation of tribal land rights in the state of West Bengal. This article analyses the status of tribal land rights in the state context and makes some suggestions for improving the situation. It is found that despite distribution of land titles, a large section of the tribal population remains landless. A sizable portion has not received received record-of-rights. Claims of many tribal people for forest patta remain pending or stand rejected. Tribal land alienation continues to be a matter of concern. The state has not taken any concrete steps for the restoration of unlawfully alienated tribal lands. A large section of the tribal sharecroppers in the state remain unrecorded.

THE PROBLEM OF DIVERSITY OF LEGAL RELATIONS BETWEEN LAND AND BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES LOCATED ON IT

Article is devoted to problematic aspects of ensuring the automatic transfer of ownership of land to the purchaser of the building (structure), since the transfer of land rights and the transfer of buildings and structures rights located on it occurs according to different procedures. Moreover, transfer of land rights is much longer, more complicated and often more expensive procedure than transfer of buildings and structures rights. This situation significantly undermines the effectiveness of current Ukrainian legislation, which requires simultaneous alienation of land, buildings and structures. Possession of land ownership, where located a building (structure), which is owned by another person and constructed legally, according to all legal and registration procedures, contradicts the essence of the concept of real estate, because real estate can be recognized only as property connected with the land. Therefore, if we separate the land rights from the building rights, the building actually loses the status of real estate, although this status is recognized by the state due to the person’s registration of ownership as real estate. Lawyers have repeatedly suggested their opinion to establish legal interdependence between land and buildings and structures located on it, which are considered separate, independent objects of property rights, so that land and buildings and structures located on it share a single legal fate – had the same property status and were owned and used by one person. The relevance of the topic is that a detailed analysis of the provisions of Part 1. Art. 120 of the Land Code of Ukraine gives grounds to conclude that modern legal regulation of real estate relations do not provide not only automatic but also more or less simultaneous transfer of land rights and non-land real estate.

Foreign Ownership of Land—Theoretical Challenges and Justifications

This work addresses the theoretical issues pertaining to alien land ownership by devoting systematic attention to the economic, human rights and national security perspectives. It suggests tht an integrated system could be established with respect to states’ regulation on foreign land ownership. Firstly, alien property investors should be granted national treatment regarding land as the internationalization of the real estate market will offer optimum capital utilization and facilitate overall global economic prosperity. Secondly, in the case of investors’ free access to domestic real estate markets, states may maintain flexibility in protecting their public policies with respect to human rights and national security. However, there must be a rational justification for invoking such a reservation. Therefore, alien land law originating from human rights and agricultural security concerns may need to be closely examined to distinguish those regulations which genuinely entail public interest concerns from those which do not. Thirdly, the deep participation of states in the international regime has greatly changed the traditional views towards alien land ownership. If a free real estate market is to be established, the trend of globalization has to be further advanced.

REFORM IN UKRAINE. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN ECONOMY

The article examines theoretical foundations of land reform in Ukraine. The legislation on land, rights protection of land owners, foreign experience of reforming land resources of states are analyzed. It is determined that the most important reason for the imbalance of our country's economy is the imperfection of unilateral land reform, resulting in large number of agricultural enterprises of various forms of ownership and management, which use agricultural land mainly for maximum self-enrichment, while neglecting technological norms of agricultural production as well as norms of rational land use. It is determined that foreign investors, companies with the necessary knowledge and equipment, are unsure to invest in Ukraine due to imperfect legal guarantees. The favorable legal climate is needed for improvement of agricultural sector. The land issue is largely political. The experience of foreign countries, which offer the number of alternative methods, is valid, in particular, by establishing the permit procedure for the alienation of land, the preemptive right to purchase, tax levers, and so on. It is determined that results of land reform are assessed by identifying the social, economic and environmental consequences, which are considered in physical and qualitative terms. The consequences of land reform are manifested in real economy and have the long-term impact not only on it but also on life of society. Its complex nature and acute social significance require special attention to the place of urban and rural self-government, state bodies in regulating the land market and land relations in the country. Today, results of land reform are mostly assessed in terms of quantitative characteristics with qualitative changes either not considered or determined superficially.

Territorialisation of Ethnic Space: Politics of Identity among the Bodo Tribes of Assam

The relation between region and nation are understood as emerging simultaneously. An understanding of the articulacy of the Bodoland movement which demands a separate homeland in terms of a separate state carved out of Assam in India, demonstrates that, although the Bodoland movement challenges the distribution of autonomy over territory, it reflects in it the Bodo question of identity. This is reflected in the imagined boundaries which endow the problem of land alienation and render it in terms of ethnic space. At the same time, these boundaries present the viable part of being a home to many other communities other than the Bodos. In doing so, the Bodos trace their belongings and affiliations to a tribe. This study is a reflection upon how the Bodoland movement of the twentieth century takes up the issue of tribal land alienation in the proposed Bodo homeland. The paper intends to brings out the relation between land alienation and the government policies of land allotment which are being used for various development purposes.

The Past of the Present: Exploring Contemporary Rural Livelihoods from A Historical Perspective – The Case of Smallholders in Eastern Zambia

ABSTRACT Using empirical data from archival research and rural fieldwork in Chipata district (former Fort Jameson district) in Zambia, this article explores historical processes shaping smallholders’ contemporary livelihood situations. Contemporary issues such as food insecurity, environmental degradation, lack of markets and inputs are investigated from a historical perspective. The article highlights colonial policies as decisive in shaping the physical, social and economic landscape of the study area. Policies such as the creation of native reserves, land alienation and European settlement, taxes and market regulations had a deep impact on smallholders’ livelihoods and are to a large extent still influencing the study area. Furthermore, it is suggested that livelihood diversification among smallholders in the study area is a contemporary expression of a historical process of semi-proletarianisation, rather than a response to postcolonial policies, which is generally suggested in the literature. Findings show that the ‘othering’ of African smallholders during the colonial period has been reproduced into present policies in the study area. Overall, the article argues that research on rural livelihoods gain from adopting a historical perspective; in understanding the long-term impact of colonial rule and in understanding of how postcolonial policies are formulated and by what impact they are implemented.

Property rights and the conservation of forests in communal areas in Zimbabwe

Institutional arrangements for managing forests at the constitutional level of the state define the property rights bundles through which rural households access benefits and manage forests in communal lands. Forest degradation in communal areas of Zimbabwe show that there is need to understand the influence of forest-related constitutional level rules on actual or perceived benefits to conserve, preserve and improve management of forests in communal areas. We examined through a systematic search and review of Acts of Parliament, the overarching principles that underlie property rights bundles for harvesting of forest produce in communal lands in Zimbabwe. Results show that the rights to regulate access, withdrawal, management, exclusion and alienation of land and forest resources lie with the minister and the state President. The legislation criminalizes unauthorized access and commercial use even for inhabitants. Local communities and individuals can initiate and implement management systems only with the approval of the appropriate authority. The constitutional level rules restrict inhabitants of communal lands to authorized entrants for protected forest areas or authorized users for communal forests thus shifting the responsibility for proactive management of forest resources away from the direct users. The current legislation inherited the legislative provisions of the colonial era where centralization of forest management shaped land and forest resources conservation policies. Therefore, there is need for legislation that stimulates local management of land and forest resources through revision of property rights for rural households. Coupling alienation rights with exclusion rights could stimulate rural households to invest in forest resources and undertake more intensive management of woodlands in communal lands.

Проблемні аспекти ведення лісового господарства на землях оборони

В статті розглянуто історичні аспекти та сучасний стан ведення лісового господарства на землях, наданих для потреб оборони. Досліджено проблематику організації ведення лісового господарства суб’єктами лісогосподарської діяльності, органом управління яких є Міністерство оборони України.
 Проведений автором статті аналіз дозволив йому дійти висновку про те, що з 1991 року постійно змінювалась і перекручувалась основна мета створення та функціонування у сфері оборонного відомства лісогосподарських підрозділів. На момент створення у 1949 році військові лісгоспи забезпечували організацію ведення взірцевого лісового господарства та відтворення лісів на землях оборони навколо військових аеродромів, полігонів, арсеналів тощо. Натомість, на цей час основна мета діяльності лісогосподарських суб’єктів господарювання, органом управління яких є Міністерство оборони України, була зведена до отримання прибутку. Крім того, зловживання посадовими особами різних рівнів та бездіяльність оборонного відомства, як органу управління майном, призвели до безпідставного відчуження земельних ділянок та засобів виробництва, якими лісогосподарські підрозділи наділялись при створенні та в процесі функціонування. Безпідставність відчуження майна лісогосподарських підрозділів оборонного відомства, на думку автора, зумовлена особливим статусом майна військових лісгоспів. Аналіз національного законодавства засвідчив, що з набуттям Україною незалежності майно установ і організацій, які увійшли до складу Збройних Сил України набуло статусу військового майна. Отже, відчуження такого майна неможливе без прийняття урядом України відповідних рішень.
 Також, на думку автора, в реаліях сьогодення ведення лісового господарства на землях оборони має бути організовано неприбутковими лісогосподарськими підрозділами зі сфери управління Міністерства оборони України.

Reframing the Wilderness Concept can Bolster Collaborative Conservation

Indigenous territories represent ~45% of land categorized as wilderness in the Amazon, but account for <15% of all forest loss on this land. At a time when the Amazon faces unprecedented pressures, overcoming polarization and aligning the goals of wilderness defenders and Indigenous peoples is paramount, to avoid environmental degradation.

Land Restitution and the Communities of North-Eastern Botswana, 1889–2012

ABSTRACT This paper argues that land alienation that occurred in the Tati District (North East District) of Botswana can best be returned to its original inhabitants through land restitution. This is because the Tati is unique from other districts in that other districts did not suffer from severe or intense colonial land alienation, whilst the Tati, in many ways, resembled the overcrowded and impoverished African reserves of the settler dominated territories of Zimbabwe, Kenya and South Africa, which had large prosperous farms for white farmers. It holds that a historical wrong was committed in the Tati and that this justifies land restitution. The paper concurs with the contention that the Market Based Land Reform (MBLR) programme which adopts the ‘Willing Buyer–Willing Seller’ (WBWS) approach adopted by the Botswana government since independence to ease the land shortage in the Tati District has not succeeded. The land restitution process in South Africa is used as a case for adoption in Tati. The paper acknowledges the complexities of the process there, and proposes that the situation in Botswana is somewhat different. It is argued that in Botswana, the economic empowerment measures that are currently in place, particularly the agricultural schemes would to a large extent overcome some of the major challenges of land restitution in the Tati.

The Self-Actualization of Indian Diaspora in the Select Novels of Bharati Mukherjee and Jhumpa Lahiri

The migration of human beings into the various countries of the world, has been in the search of betterment of chances for their literary as well as the social contributions in the present era of the diasporic world for the second and the third generation of migrants communities. It has been a journey for establishing a new identity of self-actualization of any individuality in the context of Diaspora. The term self-actualization is coined and developed as the psychological term by Abraham Maslow to describe the growth of an individual towards the fulfillment of their highest social as well as the emotional requirements. Bharati Mukherjee and Jhumpa Lahiri are the Indian Diasporic writers of novels as well as short stories, who write about the problems of Indian Immigrants, especially with the perspectives of feminine immigrant sensibilities. Very skillfully, both of them portray the struggle of Indian women for self- actualization and establishing new identity of Indianness with the self-fascination of foreignness through their novels as well as short stories. Their feminine characters are the representations of contemporary women who strive to live their life on their owns with the portrayal of full potential and capabilities and become an individual, they want to be. Most of their writings seem autobiographical to the extent that they reflect the diasporic experiences of the migrants as they writers are. This paper aims to bring out the journey of the migration to self-actualization of the some portrayals of Bharati Mukherjee and Jhumpa Lahiri in their works, Jasmine and The Lowlands, respectively that leads them to fluid identities of a diasporic life. Jyoti, the protagonist of Jasmine, is an Indian Immigrant who faces the problems of acculturation and alienation in the United States of America while the self actualization of Gauri in The Lowland seems to be destroyed in the hands of destiny in self-fascination of the diasporic lowlands. Both of these protagonists try to assimilate themselves into the foreign country as well as culture but Jasmine of Mukherjee seems to gain an independent identity towards the end of the novel while Gauri seems to be erased her Indian identity of motherhood in the self-fascination of Americanization. The readers can find in Mukherje and Lahiri, very successful presentation of the predicaments of The Third World women with all their frustrations, longings, hopes and aspirations in an alien land of migration.