Lamina Propria Of Intestinal Mucosa Research Articles

Butylparaben disordered intestinal homeostasis in Chinese striped-necked turtles (Mauremys sinensis)

Butylparaben (BuP) is regarded as a widespread pollutant, which has potential risk to aquatic organisms. Turtle species are an important part of aquatic ecosystems, however, the effect of BuP on aquatic turtles is not known. In this study, we evaluated the effect of BuP on intestinal homeostasis of Chinese striped-necked turtle (Mauremys sinensis). We exposed turtles to concentrations of BuP (0, 5, 50, and 500 μg/L) for 20 weeks, then investigated the composition of gut microbiota, the structure of intestine, and the inflammatory and immune status. We found BuP exposure significantly changed the composition of gut microbiota. Specially, the unique genus in three concentrations of BuP-treated groups mainly was Edwardsiella, which was not present in control group (0 μg/L of BuP). In addition, the height of intestinal villus was shortened, and the thickness of muscularis was thinned in BuP-exposed groups. Particularly, the number of goblet cells obviously decreased, the transcription of mucin2 and zonulae occluden-1 (ZO-1) significantly downregulated in BuP-exposed turtles. Meanwhile, neutrophils and natural killer cells in lamina propria of intestinal mucosa increased in BuP-treated groups, especially in high concentration of BuP (500 μg/L). Moreover, the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially IL-1β showed a significant upregulation with BuP concentrations. Correlation analysis indicated the abundance of Edwardsiella was positively correlated with IL-1β and IFN-γ expression, whereas its abundance was negatively correlative with the number of goblet cells. Taken together, the present study demonstrated BuP exposure disordered intestinal homeostasis through inducing dysbiosis of gut microbiota, causing inflammatory response and impairing gut physical barrier in turtles, which emphasized the hazard of BuP to health of aquatic organism.

Expression and localization of MrgprD in mouse intestinal tract

MrgprD, a Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor, is initially identified in sensory neurons of mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and has been suggested to participate in somatosensation. However, MrgprD has recently been found to be expressed outside the nervous system such as in aortic endothelia cells and neutrophils. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to detect the expression and localization of MrgprD in mouse intestinal tract. The immunoreactivity (IR) of MrgprD was found in the smooth muscle layers of small intestine, colon and rectum. In addition, MrgprD IR was colocalized with F4/80-positive macrophages and CD3-positive T lymphocytes resident in the lamina propria of intestinal mucosa. MrgprD was also found to be expressed in primary peritoneal macrophages and splenic T lymphocytes. Furthermore, the presence of MrgprD mRNA and its protein was detected in murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 and human T lymphocyte Jurkat cell lines. Our study shows, for the first time, the expression and localization of MrgprD in the intestinal tract and in macrophages and T lymphocytes, indicating the potential roles of MrgprD in intestinal mobility and immunity.

Morphological and Functional Parameters in Calves with Intestinal Diseases

The survey focused on studying the dynamics of the morphological and functional parameters for calves with the intestinal diseases. The data on the quantity and species composition of the intestinal microbiota were compiled; the haematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters were measured. In case of domination of the pathogenic microorganisms in the intestinal microbiocenoses, the serous edema and the leukocyte infiltration into the epithelial layer and the lamina propria of intestinal mucosa could be observed; multiple embolizations caused by bacteria in the blood vessels were revealed. Multiple small necrotic foci infiltrated with leukocytes in the liver were recorded. Extensive haemorrhage of blood vessels, cyanosis, hyperaemia, multiple blot haemorrhages, and dystrophic and necrotic processes were found in all the segments of the intestine. Therefore, the above-listed symptoms represent the risk factors for toxemia and bacteremia.

The role of apoptosis of enterocytes in inflammatory bowel diseases

Purpose. Study the topography of cells, expressing villin, p53, Bcl-2, and PUMA in the intestinal mucosa in the non-infectious colitis. Materials and methods. We studied the morphology and localization of the immunoreactive markers of apoptosis in small intestine and bowel with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, using the material of 20 autopsies and 40 biopsies. Results. In the focus of the specific inflammation in the mucosa, we discovered numerous cells, in various degrees expressing anti- and proapoptotic molecules. In the control material, the antiapoptotic factors (villin and Bcl-2) localized mainly in the enterocytes, while the proapoptotic factors (p53 and PUMA) were expressed in the cells of the lamina propria of the mucosa. The reverse correlation between the number of cells expressing p53/PUMA and the villin/Bcl-2 positive cells had been discovered. At the same time proapoptotic molecules were discovered in the enterocytes and in the cells of the lamina propria of intestinal mucosa. Conclusion. The obtained data points to the important role of apoptosis in pathomorphogenesis of chronic non-infectious intestinal inflammation. The chronization of the process and the nature of the intestinal damage in the UC and CD are connected with balance of the regulative anti- and proapoptotic factors. The cells, expressing those factors, demonstrate the reverse number dependence.

Effects of camel milk on intestinal mucosal immune function in mice

Objective To investigate the effects of camel milk on immune cells in lamina propria (LP) of intestinal mucosa in mice. Methods Six male C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks) were randomly divided into two groups as follows: camel milk treatment group and double distilled water (DDW) control group. Samples of cells in LP of intestinal mucosa were collected. Cell counts and percentages of immune cells in LP were analyzed by flow cytometry. Levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-17 and IFN-γ in the supernatants of cell culture were measured by ELISA. Results Compared with the DDW control group, the camel milk treatment group showed increased percentage and absolute number of CD4+ T cells as well as IFN-γ-secreting CD4+ T cells in LP of intestinal mucosa (P<0.05). Moreover, significantly enhanced expression of IFN-γ and suppressed secretion of IL-4 were found in the camel milk treatment group (P<0.05). Conclusion Camel milk can promote the proliferation of CD4+ T cells and enhance the secretion of IFN-γ, indicating that camel milk regulates the proliferation and cytokine secretion of immune cells in LP of intestinal mucosa in healthy mice. Key words: Camel milk; Lamina propria lymphocyte; Immunologic function

Distribution of Cells Labelled by a Monoclonal Antibody (A3) against a Cloned Cell Line derived from a Rat Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma

To pursue the histogenesis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), of which the cell of origin is still debated, a monoclonal antibody (A3) was produced against a rat MFH-derived cloned cell line (MT-8). Antigen recognized by A3 was around 80 kDa in molecular weight and was seen on the cytoplasmic membrane of MT-8 cells by immunoelectron microscopy. A3 reacted specifically with MT-8 cells, with another rat MFH-derived cell line (MT-9) and with their induced tumours in syngeneic rats, but not with other rat tumours such as fibrosarcoma, histiocytic sarcoma, malignant meningioma, uterine leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, mononuclear cell leukaemia and malignant schwannoma. These findings indicate that A3 has a high specificity for rat MFH cells. In fetuses on gestation days 15, 18 and 20 and in postnatal rats aged 1, 4 and 8 days, A3 reacted with primitive mesenchymal cells in visceral organs and around arteries and bronchi, as well as in the lamina propria of intestinal mucosa, renal interstitium, meninges and perineurium. There were no A3-positive connective tissue cells in organs or other sites in adult rats more than 10 weeks old. It is therefore likely that MFH cells share antigens with primitive mesenchymal cells, which may be multipotent for mesenchymal differentiation. The present study suggests that MFH consists of a population of primitive, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. A3 also immunolabelled endothelial cells of arteries, venules and pulmonary capillaries in fetal, postnatal and adult rats; vascular endothelial cells in chemically induced hepatic and renal lesions also reacted strongly with A3. However, the significance of endothelial immunoreactivity with A3 remains to be elucidated.

Lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells in the epithelium and lamina propria of intestinal mucosa of pigs.

The jejunum and ileum of 5 day old and adult normal pigs and of 45 day old germ free pigs were used to study the lymphocyte pools in the epithelium and lamina propria by sequential treatments with EDTA, four hours, and 12 hours of collagenase treatment. In adult animals the incubation of the jejunal wall with EDTA resulted in mean (SD) 26.8 (10.9) x 10(6) intraepithelial lymphocytes per g of tissue. The ileal wall gave lower cell yields. After complete digestion of the lamina propria by collagenase a further yield of 35.2 (10.2) x 10(6)/g lymphocytes was achieved. The separation of the gut wall from 5 day old pigs resulted in a 10-fold lower total lymphocyte yield, and the tissue was totally digested after four hours of collagenase treatment. Many eosinophils and mast cells were found in the suspensions from adult animal tissues after the collagenase treatment; 4.7 x 10(6)/g and 4.8 x 10(6)/g, respectively. The suspensions after 12 hour collagenase incubation contained up to 30% plasma cells. Almost all cells isolated by EDTA incubation were CD8+ T cells. After collagenase incubation CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were found in all animal groups, and in adult animals up to 20% surface Ig+ cells were harvested. When the incorporation of the thymidine analogue bromodesoxyuridine was used to study the lymphocyte production in vivo 3 to 7% lymphocytes in the epithelium were labelled 24 hours later (lamina propria T lymphocytes about 1%). In this study lymphoid as well as non-lymphoid cells have been analysed in mucosal cell suspensions. The absolute cell yield per gram of mucosal tissue is a basis to estimate the pool sizes of intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes.

Lamina propria of intestinal mucosa as a typical reticular tissue

The three-dimensional architecture of the lamina propria in the jejunal mucosa of the rat was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The lamina propria is a typical reticular tissue with fine nets of reticular fibers and free and fixed cells lying among them. However, the lamina propria in the core of villi displayed structural features closer to other reticular or lymphoid tissues than that among the crypts. In the villi, the tissue was supported by a spongy framework of interconnecting fibroblasts, and densely infiltrated by free cells. Among the crypts, cellular elements were rather sparsely dispersed in a complex network of reticular fibers. A thin layer of reticular fibers lined the basal lamina of the epithelium. This layer contained a network of flattened cells which anastomosed with each other via slender processes. The basal lamina and the fibrous layer were perforated with round pores, through which free cells or basal processes of the epithelial cells passed. Many macrophages were found resting on the reticular framework of the lamina propria, frequently in close association with immunoblast-like cells. This paper further includes scanning electron-microscopic observations on the central lacteal with special reference to its luminal projections and trabeculae.