Administration Of Lactic Acid Bacteria Research Articles

Lactic acid bacteria administration from Jember tempeh (Indonesia) as a probiotic candidate in intestinal physiology and histology of mice strain Balb-C

Abstract. Azizah SN, Rosida, Hidayah AN, Dwijayanti AR. 2023. Lactic acid bacteria administration from Jember tempeh (Indonesia) as a probiotic candidate in intestinal physiology and histology of mice strain Balb-C. Biodiversitas 24: 6969-6978. The lactic acid bacteria of tempeh have been studied for their potential as a probiotic with highly beneficial effects on health. This study aimed to investigate the potential of lactic acid bacteria from Jember tempeh on white mice's intestinal physiology and histology. The highest population of lactic acid bacteria isolated from three Jember tempeh types with GYP solid media was found in the Kaliwates tempeh (TK) at 2.74 × 108 cells/ml. According to the purification and lactic acid activity, the LAB isolates, encoded as TA.1, TB.1, TK.1, TK.2, and TK.4 are all probiotic candidates. All isolates obtained the optimum growth time at the 15th hour in TA.1 and TB.1 isolates, the 6th hour in TK.1 and TK.2 isolates, and the 8th hour in TK.4 isolate. The administration of LAB probiotics from Jember tempeh on the weight gain of mice presents a sig value of 0.38>0.05, which means an insignificant effect on the weight gain among the group. The solid feces condition of mice was also similar within groups. The administration of LAB probiotics on the intestinal histology of mice presents a sig value of 0.028<0.05, which means a significant effect within groups, showing a similar condition between the consortium administration group and the normal group. Groups TA.1, TB.1, TK.1, TK.4 and control (Lactobacillus acidophillus) had the same intestinal histology, namely partial necrosis. The administration of LAB probiotics from Jember tempeh can also reduce the population of Salmonella and Escherichia coli bacteria more effectively than without the probiotics. Thus, a good treatment group used as a probiotic candidate is a consortium.

Oral Administration of Alcohol-Tolerant Lactic Acid Bacteria Alleviates Blood Alcohol Concentration and Ethanol-Induced Liver Damage in Rodents.

Excessive alcohol consumption can have serious negative consequences on health, including addiction, liver damage, and other long-term effects. The causes of hangovers include dehydration, alcohol and alcohol metabolite toxicity, and nutrient deficiency due to absorption disorders. Additionally, alcohol consumption can slow reaction times, making it more difficult to rapidly respond to situations that require quick thinking. Exposure to a large amount of ethanol can also negatively affect a person's righting reflex and balance. In this study, we evaluated the potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to alleviate alcohol-induced effects and behavioral responses. Two LAB strains isolated from kimchi, Levilactobacillus brevis WiKim0168 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides WiKim0172, were selected for their ethanol tolerance and potential to alleviate hangover symptoms. Enzyme activity assays for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) were then conducted to evaluate the role of these bacteria in alcohol metabolism. Through in vitro and in vivo studies, these strains were assessed for their ability to reduce blood alcohol concentrations and protect against alcohol-induced liver damage. The results indicated that these LAB strains possess significant ethanol tolerance and elevate ADH and ALDH activities. LAB administration remarkably reduced blood alcohol levels in rats after excessive alcohol consumption. Moreover, the LAB strains showed hepatoprotective effects and enhanced behavioral outcomes, highlighting their potential as probiotics for counteracting the adverse effects of alcohol consumption. These findings support the development of functional foods incorporating LAB strains that can mediate behavioral improvements following alcohol intake.

Cutaneous wound healing promoted by topical administration of heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum KB131 and possible contribution of CARD9-mediated signaling

Optimal conditions for wound healing require a smooth transition from the early stage of inflammation to proliferation, and during this time alternatively activated (M2) macrophages play a central role. Recently, heat-killed lactic acid bacteria (LAB), such as Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) have been reported as possible modulators affecting the immune responses in wound healing. However, how signaling molecules regulate this process after the administration of heat-killed LAB remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of heat-killed L. plantarum KB131 (KB131) administration on wound healing and the contribution of CARD9, which is an essential signaling adaptor molecule for NF-kB activation upon triggering through C-type lectin receptors, in the effects of this bacterium. We analyzed wound closure, histological findings, and inflammatory responses. We found that administration of KB131 accelerated wound closure, re-epithelialization, granulation area, CD31-positive vessels, and α-SMA-positive myofibroblast accumulated area, as well as the local infiltration of leukocytes. In particular, M2 macrophages were increased, in parallel with CCL5 synthesis. The acceleration of wound healing responses by KB131 was canceled in CARD9-knockout mice. These results indicate that the topical administration of KB131 accelerates wound healing, accompanying increased M2 macrophages, which suggests that CARD9 may be involved in these responses.

Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria against Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity to Rat Organs.

Aflatoxin (AF), a metabolite of Aspergillus flavus, is injurious to vital body organs. The bacterial defense against such mycotoxins has attracted significant attention. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to ameliorate AF toxicity. Thirty adult male rats were divided into six groups (five each) to perform the experiments. The control (Co) group was fed a basal diet and water. Each of the following periods lasted 21 days: the milk (MK) group orally received milk (500 µL); LAB suspension (500 µL) containing 107 cfu/mL was orally provided to the LAB group; AF (0.5 mg/kg) was orally given to the AF group; and a combination of AF and LAB was administered to the AF + LAB group. The AF/LAB group was initially given AF for 21 days, followed by LAB for the same period. Finally, the rats were dissected to retrieve blood and tissue samples for hematological, biochemical, and histological studies. The results revealed a significant decrease in RBCs, lymphocytes, total proteins, eosinophil count, albumin, and uric acid, whereas the levels of WBCs, monocytes, neutrophils, creatinine, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine kinase significantly increased in the AF group in comparison to the control group. The histological examination of the AF group revealed necrosis and apoptosis of the kidney's glomeruli and renal tubules, nuclei vacuolization and apoptosis of hepatocytes, congestion of the liver's dilated portal vein, lymphoid depletion in the white pulp, localized hemorrhages, hemosiderin pigment deposition in the spleen, and vacuolization of seminiferous tubules with a complete loss of testis spermatogenic cells. Meanwhile, protective and therapeutic LAB administration in AF-treated rats improved the hematological, biochemical, and histological changes. The study revealed LAB-based amelioration to AFB1-induced disruptions of the kidney, liver, spleen, and testis by inhibiting tissue damage. The therapeutic effects of LAB were comparatively more pronounced than the protective effects.

Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Human Breast Milk Improve Colitis Induced by 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid by Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling in Mice.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic inflammatory disease, results from dysregulation of the immune responses. Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including Lactobacillus, alleviate IBD through immunomodulation. In this study, the anti-colitis effect of LAB isolated from human breast milk was investigated in a mouse model induced acute colitis with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). TNBS remarkably increased weight loss, colon shortening, and colonic mucosal proliferation, as well as the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β. Oral administration of LAB isolated from human breast milk resulted in a reduction in TNBS-induced colon shortening, as well as induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In addition, LAB suppressed inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and thus showed an effect of suppressing the level of inflammation induced by TNBS. Furthermore, LAB alleviated gut microbiota dysbiosis, and inhibited intestinal permeability by increasing the expression of intestinal tight junction protein including ZO-1. Collectively, these results suggest that LAB isolated from human breast milk can be used as a functional food for colitis treatment by regulating NF-κB signaling, gut microbiota and increasing expression of intestinal tight junction protein.

Intravaginal injection of Lactobacillus johnsonii may modulates oviductal microbiota and mucosal barrier function of laying hens

The avian oviduct connects to the gastrointestinal tract through cloaca, where it is exposed to pathogenic bacteria from intestinal contents. Therefore, improvement of mucosal barrier function in the oviduct is important for safe poultry production. Lactic acid bacteria are known to contribute to strengthening the mucosal barrier function in the intestinal tract, and a similar effect is expected in the oviduct mucosa of chickens. This study aimed to clarify the effects of vaginal administration of lactic acid bacteria on the mucosal barrier function of the oviduct. White Leghorn laying hens (500-days old) were intravaginally administered 1 mL of Lactobacillus johnsonii suspension (1 × 105 and 1 × 108 cfu/mL: low concentration of Lactobacillus (LL) and high concentration of Lactobacillus (HL) groups, respectively) or without bacteria (control: C group) for 7 d (n = 6). The oviductal magnum, uterus, and vagina were collected for histological observations and mucosal barrier function-related gene expression analysis. Amplicon sequence analysis of oviductal mucus bacteria was also performed. Eggs were collected during the experimental period and their weight was measured. Vaginally administering L. johnsonii for 7 d caused 1) an increase in α-diversity of vaginal mucosa microbiota with an increase in the abundance ratio of beneficial bacteria and a decrease in pathogenic bacteria, 2) enhanced claudin (CLA) 1 and 3 gene expression in the magnum and vaginal mucosa, and 3) a decrease in avian β-defensin (AvBD) 10, 11, and 12 gene expression in the magnum, uterus, and vaginal mucosa. These results suggest that transvaginal administration of L. johnsonii contributes to protection against infection in the oviduct by improving the microflora of the oviductal mucosa and strengthening the mechanical barrier function of the tight junctions. In contrast, transvaginal administration of lactic acid bacteria does not enhance the production of AvBD10, 11, and 12 in the oviduct.

Immunological effect of Lactic acid bacteria adjuvant on in ovo injection of Newcastle disease vaccine

In ovo immunization of chicken embryos with live vaccines is an effective strategy to protect chickens against various viral pathogens. The immunogenic efficacies of in ovo administration of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in combination with live Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine were investigated in this study. Four hundred healthy 1-day-old fertilized specific pathogen-free (SPF) eggs of similar weights were randomly assigned to one of four treatments, with five replicates of each treatment and a total of 20 for each replicate. On day 18.5 of incubation, in ovo injections were given. The treatment groups are as follows: (I) no injection, (II) 0.9% physiological saline injection, (III) ND vaccine injection, and (IV) LAB as an adjuvant for ND vaccine injection. The ND vaccine adjuvanted with LAB significantly increased the daily weight gain, immune organ index, and small intestine histomorphological development in layer chicks while decreasing the feed conversion ratio (FCR). The results suggested that the LAB-adjuvant group significantly affected the relative expression of mucosal mucin protein (mucin-1) and zoccluding small circle protein-1 (ZO-1) (P < 0.05), whereas the relative expression of occludin mRNA was not significantly affected (P > 0.05) compared with the non-injected group. Meanwhile, we indicated that intra-amniotic synbiotic injection significantly maintained the balance of flora (P < 0.05). Compared with the non-injected group, the ND vaccine adjuvanted with the LAB group exhibited significant promotion of the HI and SIgA antibody titers in serum on day 21 (P < 0.05), induction of higher production of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ) in serum. In summary, in ovo injection of ND vaccine adjuvanted with LAB has a positive impact on the growth performance, immune function, and microbiome of growing chicks.

Orally administered Lactiplantibacillus plantarum OLL2712 decreased intestinal permeability, especially in the ileum: Ingested lactic acid bacteria alleviated obesity-induced inflammation by collaborating with gut microbiota.

Chronic inflammation caused by dietary obesity has been considered to induce lifestyle-related diseases and functional ingredients with anti-inflammatory effects are attracting attention. Although multiple studies on obesity had proved the anti-inflammatory effects of ingestion of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and other functional ingredients on adipose tissue, the precise effects on the intestine, especially on the individual intestinal segments have not been made clear. In this study, we elucidated the mechanisms of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (basonym: Lactobacillus plantarum) OLL2712 in suppressing obesity-induced inflammation using high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice obesity model. We orally administered heat-treated LAB to HFD-fed mice model, and investigated the inflammatory changes in adipose tissue and intestinal immune cells. We also analyzed gut microbiota, and evaluated the inflammation and permeability of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon; four intestinal segments differing in gut bacteria composition and immune response. After 3-week LAB administration, the gene expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines were downregulated in adipose tissue, colon, and Peyer's patches (PP)-derived F4/80+ cells. The LAB treatment alleviated obesity-related gut microbiota imbalance. L. plantarum OLL2712 treatment helps maintain intestinal barrier function, especially in the ileum, possibly by preventing ZO-1 and Occludin downregulation. Our results suggest that the oral administration of the LAB strain regulated the gut microbiota, suppressed intestinal inflammation, and improved the gut barrier, which could inhibit the products of obesity-induced gut dysbiosis from translocating into the bloodstream and the adipose tissue, through which the LAB finally alleviated the inflammation caused by dietary obesity. Barrier improvement was observed, especially in the ileum, suggesting collaborative modulation of the intestinal immune responses by ingested LAB and microbiota.

Comparative Genomic Analysis and Physiological Properties of Limosilactobacillus fermentum SMFM2017-NK2 with Ability to Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Latilactobacillus sakei SMFM2017-NK1 (LS1), L. sakei SMFM2017-NK3 (LS2), and Limosilactobacillus fermentum SMFM2017-NK2 (LF) on colitis using an animal model. DSS (dextran sulfate sodium salt) was orally injected into C57BL/6N mice to induce inflammation in the colon for seven days. Colitis mice models were treated with LS1, LS2, and LF, respectively, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) was used as a positive control. During oral administration of lactic acid bacteria, the weights of the mice were measured, and the disease activity index (DAI) score was determined by judging the degree of diarrhea and bloody stool. When comparing the differences between the minimum weight after DSS administration and the maximum weight after lactic acid bacteriaadministration were compared, the LF-treated group showed the highest weight gain at 8.91%. The DAI scores of the LF, LS2, and LGG groups were lower than that of the control group. After sacrifice, mRNA expression levels for proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ) and mediators (iNOS and COX-2) in the colon were measured. LF was selected as a superior strain for anti-inflammation in the colon. It was further analyzed to determine its biochemical characteristics, cytotoxicity, and thermal stability. Catalase and oxidase activities for LF were negative. In cytotoxicity and heat stability tests, the LF group had higher cell viability than the LGG group. The genome of LF was obtained, and 5682 CDS, 114 tRNA, 2 RNA, and 5 repeat regions were predicted. Especially, LF could be distinguished from the other three L. fermentum strains based on taxonomic profiling, specific orthologous genes of the strain, and genomic variants. The results of this study suggest that L. fermentum SMFM2017-NK2 is a novel strain with an anti-inflammatory effect on colitis.

Preventive effect of &lt;i&gt;Enterococcus faecalis&lt;/i&gt; and β-glucan on the onset and exacerbation of symptoms of atopic dermatitis in mice

&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with an immune response caused by the excessive production of IgE antibodies. This is accompanied by excessive itching as a clinical symptom, leading to a great burden and anxiety in daily life. At present, there is no established treatment that can completely cure AD, and symptomatic treatment alleviates symptoms to the extent that they do not interfere with daily life. Recent research has suggested that the ingestion of either various lactic acid bacteria or β-glucan suppressed the production of IgE antibodies and alleviated the symptoms of AD. Therefore, in this study, we used a drug-induced AD mouse model to evaluate the amelioration effect of EC-12 and β-glucan derived from black yeast to investigate the mechanism involved. The oral administration of lactic acid bacteria inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes at the lesion site, and the administration of β-glucan downregulated serum IgE levels and inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes at the lesion site. The concomitant administration of EC-12 and β-glucan strongly suppressed AD symptoms, downregulated serum IgE levels, and inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines at the lesion site. In summary, the oral administration of EC-12 and β-glucan prevented AD in mice.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/abstract&gt;

Oral administration of Lactic acid bacteria inhibits PEDV infection in young piglets

Since the emergence of the highly pathogenic porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain in 2010, the prevention of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) in pig farms remains problematic. To find the reasons behind the high mortality in young piglets, the relative mRNA expression of inflammation-related factors in infected pigs of different ages as well as uninfected pigs were detected by RT-qPCR. The results showed that the mRNA expression of these factors including IL-6 and TNF-α was more increased in infected younger piglets than infected older pigs. To clarify the relationship between these inflammation related factors, the pairwise linear correlation between the relative expression of these factors were analyzed and showed as network mapping with different correlation coefficients. A strong positive correlation was observed between the expression of various factors in 1-week-old piglets. Combined with the difference in mortality of PEDV infection in pigs of different ages, we hypothesized that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) could inhibit PEDV infection in newborn piglets, and an in vivo experiment was carried out. The results of survival rate and wet/dry ratio showed that LAB alleviated PEDV indued mortality and diarrhea. The detection of viral copies and tissue section staining showed less observed viruses in LAB treated pig. RT-qPCR results of gene expression in intestines showed that LAB modulated the gene expression of various host barrier genes, indicating that LAB is potential to inhibit PEDV infection by regulating the host intestinal barrier. However, to use LAB as therapy, how to improve the efficiency on inhibiting PEDV infection needs further studies.

Effects of single or conjoint administration of lactic acid bacteria as potential probiotics on the growth, immune responses, and disease resistance of Carassius auratus

Effects of single or conjoint administration of lactic acid bacteria as potential probiotics on the growth, immune responses, and disease resistance of Carassius auratus

Business Analysis of Probiotic Administration of Lactic Acid Bacteria on The Performance of Kampung Super Chicken

This study aimed to determine the effect of lactic acid bacteria probiotics on the performance of kampung super chicken. Kampung super chicken is the result of a cross between a layer chicken and a superior kampung super chicken. A total of 48 kampung super chickens aged 14 days were randomized into 4 treatments and each treatment consisted of 12 chickens. This study was conducted for 1 week of adaptation and 5 weeks of treatment. This study used 4 different treatments including P0 not using probiotics, P1 using probiotics as much as 1 ml/liter drinking water, P2 using probiotics as much as 2 ml/liter drinking water and P3 using probiotics as much as 4 ml/liter drinking water. In conclusion, based on the results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that p&lt;0.05, which means that the data had a significant difference in the final weight increase, carcass weight increase and carcass weight percentage to the control treatment.

Lactic acid bacteria feeding reversed the malformed eye structures and ameliorated gut microbiota profiles of Drosophila melanogaster Alzheimer's disease model.

To utilize transgenic GMR-Aβ42 Drosophila melanogaster as a model to evaluate potential Alzheimer's disease (AD)-reversal effects via the administration of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, and associations of LAB with changes in gut microbiota profiles. Wild-type flies (Oregon-R) were crossed with glass multimer reporter-GAL4 (GMR-GAL4) to produce GMR-OreR (Control), while UAS-Aβ42 (#33769) were crossed with GMR-GAL4 to produce transgenic Drosophila line that expressed Aβ42 (GMR-Aβ42). Feed containing seven different LAB strains (Lactobacillus paracasei 0291, Lactobacillus helveticus 1515, Lactobacillus reuteri 30242, L. reuteri 8513d, Lactobacillus fermentum 8312, Lactobacillus casei Y, Lactobacillus sakei Probio65) were given to GMR-Aβ42 respectively, while feed without LAB strains were given to control and transgenic GMR-Aβ42.nf Drosophila lines. The morphology of the eyes was viewed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The changes in gut microbiota profiles associated with LAB were analysed using 16s high throughput sequencing. Malformation of eye structures in transgenic GMR-Aβ42 Drosophila were reversed upon the administration of LAB strains, with more prevalent effects from L. sakei Probio65 and L. paracasei 0291. The GMR-Aβ42.nf group showed dominance of Wolbachia in the gut, a genus that was almost absent in the normal control group (P<0·05). The administration of L. sakei Probio65 and L. paracasei 0291 reduced the abundance of Wolbachia accompanied by increased abundance of Stenotrophomonas and Acetobacter (P<0·05), resembling the microbial profile of the control group. Lactobacillus sakei Probio65 and Lactobacillusparacasei 0291 have more prominent effects in reversing malformed eye of transgenic GMR-Aβ42 Drosophila, and reducing the abundance of Wolbachia accompanied by an increased abundance of Stenotrophomonas and Acetobacter. Potentials of LAB to prevent and/or alleviate the onset and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, supporting brain health strategies along the gut-brain axis.

Effectiveness of Administering a Mixture of Lactic Acid Bacteria to Control Salmonella ser. Enteritidis Infections in Broilers.

Simple SummarySalmonella infection is one of the main causes of food poisoning through poultry consumption. Among the various methods used to control this infection, the use of lactic acid bacteria is economical, with little risk of developing antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We selected three Lactobacillus spp. capable of inhibiting Salmonella proliferation in vitro and administered their mixture to 1-day-old chicks to investigate their effect. We suggest that the Lactobacillus mixture formulated in this study aids in protecting poultry farms from Salmonella contamination, further securing food safety.Non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. cause persistent asymptomatic infections in poultry. The consumption of Salmonella-infected poultry products is associated with food poisoning. One of the pathogens that causes such infections is Salmonella ser. Enteritidis (SE). Therefore, alternative measures are required for better control of salmonellosis and to reduce potential antibiotic use. Here, the efficacy of a mixture of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), formulated based on competitive exclusion, was evaluated. The LAB mixture was administered to 1- to 20-day-old chickens using different schemes; the chickens were then inoculated with an SE strain, which was previously identified to be prevalent in broiler breeder farms. Even with short-term administration, the group treated with LAB exhibited lower SE isolation levels in the spleen and cecal content and greater weight gain than that in the control group. This protective efficacy of LAB was retained even after two weeks without LAB administration. According to the results of animal experiments and field tests, evidence of SE infection was absent after treatment of the animals with the LAB formulation used in this study. Thus, this LAB mixture can be used as a potential strategy for protecting poultry farms from Salmonella contamination. This will also help reduce potential antibiotic use.

Neuroprotective effect of thiamine-producing lactic acid bacteria in a murine Parkinsonian model.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by deterioration and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), resulting in motor deficits. Many studies have revealed an inverse relationship between thiamine consumption and susceptibility to PD. Previously, Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum CRL 1905 was selected as thiamine-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and its amprolium-resistant clone, L. plantarum CRL 1905*, was able to produce higher levels of this vitamin and inhibited neuronal death in an in vitro model. The present work aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of these thiamine-producing LAB in an in vivo parkinsonian mouse model. Male C57BL/6 mice injected with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) were orally administered with one of the LAB strains or commercial thiamine for 1 month. The administration of either thiamine-producing LAB prevented the motor deficits of mice similar to the effects of the commercial vitamin. These benefits were associated with increased number of tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH+) neurons in the SNpc. The evaluation of the inflammatory response caused by the neurotoxin showed that both LAB decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum; moreover, the strain selected as the higher thiamine producer showed the best anti-inflammatory effect locally in the brain and significantly decreased the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and MCP-1, which remained similar to the levels of healthy control animals. These results demonstrated that thiamine-producing L. plantatum CRL 1905* has the potential to be used as part of a strategy to prevent or to complement the treatments of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. A limitation of this study is that we cannot guarantee whether LAB are capable of producing thiamine in the intestinal tract or release the vitamin after lysis; however, the results show that thiamine production by L. plantarum CRL 1905 is implicated in the observed effect, in addition to other benefits associated with the LAB strain that are also involved and are currently under study.

Oral Administration of Lactococcus lactis Producing Interferon Type II, Enhances the Immune Response Against Bacterial Pathogens in Rainbow Trout.

Lactic acid bacteria are a powerful vehicle for releasing of cytokines and immunostimulant peptides at the gastrointestinal level after oral administration. However, its therapeutic application against pathogens that affect rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon has been little explored. Type II interferon in Atlantic salmon activates the antiviral response, protecting against viral infection, but its role against bacterial infection has not been tested in vivo. In this work, through the design of a recombinant lactic acid bacterium capable of producing Interferon gamma from Atlantic salmon, we explore its role against bacterial infection and the ability to stimulate systemic immune response after oral administration of the recombinant probiotic. Recombinant interferon was active in vitro, mainly stimulating IL-6 expression in SHK-1 cells. In vivo, oral administration of the recombinant probiotic produced an increase in IL-6, IFNγ and IL-12 in the spleen and kidney, in addition to stimulating the activity of lysozyme in serum. The challenge trials indicated that the administration of the IFNγ-producing probiotic doubled the survival in fish infected with F. psychrophilum. In conclusion, our results showed that the oral administration of lactic acid bacteria producing IFNγ managed to stimulate the immune response at a systemic level, conferring protection against pathogens, showing a biotechnological potential for its application in aquaculture.

In Vivo Bioavailability of Selenium in Selenium-Enriched Streptococcus thermophilus and Enterococcus faecium in CD IGS Rats

The selenium (Se) enrichment of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has recently emerged as a novel concept; the individual health effects of these beneficial microorganisms are combined by supplying the essential micronutrient Se in a more bioavailable and less toxic form. This study investigated the bioavailability of Se in the strains Enterococcus faecium CCDM 922A (EF) and Streptococcus thermophilus CCDM 144 (ST) and their respective Se-enriched forms, SeEF and SeST, in a CD (SD-Sprague Dawley) IGS rat model. Se-enriched LAB administration resulted in higher Se concentrations in the liver and kidneys of rats, where selenocystine was the prevalent Se species. The administration of both Se-enriched strains improved the antioxidant status of the animals. The effect of the diet was more pronounced in the heart tissue, where a lower glutathione reductase content was observed, irrespective of the Se fortification in LAB. Interestingly, rats fed diets with EF and SeEF had higher glutathione reductase activity. Reduced concentrations of serum malondialdehyde were noted following Se supplementation. Diets containing Se-enriched strains showed no macroscopic effects on the liver, kidneys, heart, and brain and had no apparent influence on the basic parameters of the lipid metabolism. Both the strains tested herein showed potential for further applications as promising sources of organically bound Se and Se nanoparticles.

Lactic Acid Bacteria Ameliorate Diesel Exhaust Particulate Matter-Exacerbated Allergic Inflammation in a Murine Model of Asthma.

Several air pollution components such as sulfur dioxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEPM) have been linked to the development of asthma. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of three lactic acid bacteria species, Lactobacillus plantarum GREEN CROSS Wellbeing (GCWB)1001, Pediococcus acidilactici GCWB1085, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GCWB1156, in preventing DEPM-exacerbated asthma in mice. BALB/c mice were first sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and were either challenged with OVA or DEPM (DEPM-exacerbated asthma model) by intranasal instillation. All three strains showed no hemolytic activity, suggesting a good safety profile. Oral administration of lactic acid bacteria reduced OVA + DEPM-induced inflammatory infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, airway remodeling, and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The probiotics also attenuated OVA + DEPM-induced immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in serum and in BALF, and significantly reduced caspase-3 activity, total collagen level, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity. In conclusion, lactic acid bacteria such as L. plantarum GCWB1001, P. acidilactici GCWB1085, and L. rhamnosus treatment in mice with asthma showed significant efficacy in preventing lung inflammation exacerbated by DEPM administration.

The positive effects of single or conjoint administration of lactic acid bacteria on Channa argus: Digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, intestinal microbiota and morphology

In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the single or conjoint effects of Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) L19 and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) W24 isolated from the intestine of Channa argus (C. argus) on digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, intestinal microbiota and morphology of C. argus (initial weight, 9.50 ± 0.03 g). The fish were fed for 56 days with a basal diet (CK) or diets supplemented with 1.0 × 108 CFU/g of L. lactis (L19), E. faecalis (W24), L. lactis + E. faecalis (L + W). Results indicated that these three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) supplementary diets especially the L19 produced significant improvement in the digestive enzyme activity (protease, amylase and lipase) in liver, stomach and intestine compared with control (P < .05). LAB supplementations were enhanced the liver and intestine antioxidant status (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, T-AOC and MDA) in comparison to the control (P < .05). Serum biochemical parameters (ALT and AST) of fish fed with LAB supplemented diets showed significantly decreased compared with control (P < .05). The intestinal morphology showed protection in fish fed both L19 or/and W24. High-throughput sequencing revealed L19 supplementation can effectively increase the generation of probiotic bacteria and decrease the abundance of aquatic pathogens. Therefore, supplementation of L. lactis L19 showed more effective protection than E. faecalis W24 or the mixture of the two for promoting digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, intestinal microbiota and morphology of C. argus.