Abstract
Several air pollution components such as sulfur dioxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEPM) have been linked to the development of asthma. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of three lactic acid bacteria species, Lactobacillus plantarum GREEN CROSS Wellbeing (GCWB)1001, Pediococcus acidilactici GCWB1085, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GCWB1156, in preventing DEPM-exacerbated asthma in mice. BALB/c mice were first sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and were either challenged with OVA or DEPM (DEPM-exacerbated asthma model) by intranasal instillation. All three strains showed no hemolytic activity, suggesting a good safety profile. Oral administration of lactic acid bacteria reduced OVA + DEPM-induced inflammatory infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, airway remodeling, and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The probiotics also attenuated OVA + DEPM-induced immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in serum and in BALF, and significantly reduced caspase-3 activity, total collagen level, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity. In conclusion, lactic acid bacteria such as L. plantarum GCWB1001, P. acidilactici GCWB1085, and L. rhamnosus treatment in mice with asthma showed significant efficacy in preventing lung inflammation exacerbated by DEPM administration.
Highlights
The prevalence of respiratory diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis has increased in developed countries over the past 30 years
In a preliminary study examining the anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics, we found three probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum GREEN CROSS Wellbeing (GCWB)1001, Pediococcus acidilactici GCWB1085, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GCWB1156, isolated from Korean kimchi) that exert a suppressive effect on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nitric oxide production in vitro
L. plantarum GCWB1001, P. acidilactici GCWB1085, and L. rhamnosus GCWB1156 are safe to use as probiotics
Summary
The prevalence of respiratory diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis has increased in developed countries over the past 30 years. Life 2020, 10, 260 and airway remodeling. Asthma phenotypes vary by age, sex, and ethnicity and are influenced by a combination of environmental, epigenetic, and genetic factors [2,3,4]. Environmental factors such as allergens, air pollution, tobacco smoke, ozone, viruses, bacteria, and fungi can enhance the risk of developing respiratory diseases. DEPM was designated as a group 1 human carcinogen in June 2012. It consists of gas, steam, and fine particles. The surfaces of these fine particles contain a large number of metals, such as zinc and copper, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as anthracene, naphthalene, and benzo(a)pyrene [5]
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