Lack Of Successors Research Articles

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Yi people in Mile, Yunnan, China

BackgroundThe Yi people are a sociolinguistic group living in Mile City, which is their typical settlement in southeastern Yunnan, China. Over the long history of using medicinal plants, the Yi people have accumulated and developed a wealth of traditional medicinal knowledge, which has played a vital role in their health care. However, only a few studies have been performed to systematically document the medicinal plants commonly used by the Yi people. This study provides fundamental data for the development and application of ethnomedicine as well as supports the conservation of the traditional medical knowledge of the Yi people.MethodsThis study was conducted from May 2020 to August 2022 and involved five townships in Mile. Information regarding medicinal plants was obtained through semistructured interviews, key informant interviews, and participatory observation. The collected voucher specimens were identified using the botanical taxonomy method and deposited in the herbarium. Ethnobotanical data were analyzed using informant consensus factor, relative frequency of citation, and fidelity level.ResultsIn total, 114 informants distributed in five townships of Mile were interviewed. The Yi people used 267 medicinal plant species belonging to 232 genera and 104 families to treat various diseases. Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, and Fabaceae were the most commonly used plant families by the Yi people. In addition, herbs were most commonly used by the Yi people. Whole plants and roots were the preferred medicinal parts. Decoctions were the most common method of herbal medicine preparation. There are 49 different recorded diseases treated by Yi medicinal plants, and among them, respiratory diseases, rheumatism, traumatic injury, fractures, and digestive system diseases have the largest number of species used. A quantitative analysis demonstrated that plants such as Zingiber officinale, Lycopodium japonicum, Aconitum carmichaelii, Panax notoginseng, Cyathula officinalis, and Leonurus japonicus played crucial roles in disease prevention and treatment.ConclusionTraditional knowledge of medicinal plants is closely associated with the social culture of the local Yi people. The medicinal plants used for health care in the study area were diverse. Local healers were skilled at using medicinal plants to treat various diseases. Their treatment methods were convenient and unique, exhibiting distinctive regional characteristics. However, the inheritance of their traditional medicinal knowledge and protection of wild medicinal plant resources are facing serious challenges, including the decreasing number of local healers, aging of healers, lack of successors, and excessive harvesting of medicinal plant resources. This ethnobotanical survey provides a useful reference for the sustainable utilization and protection of medicinal plant resources in Mile and the inheritance of traditional medicinal knowledge of the Yi people.

The Safeguarding of Indigenous Intangible Cultural Heritage in China: From Both Government and Private Sides

ICH, Intangible cultural heritage, including traditional theatre, traditional handicrafts, oral literature and so on, is a concept put forward by the UNESCO in 2003. Its most fundamental characteristic is its “dynamism”, which often changes with the environment. Variables that influence the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage include inheritors, national policies, laws and regulations, etc. And because there are so many variables, it is often more difficult to protect intangible cultural heritage than tangible cultural heritage. Intangible cultural heritage is an important part of China’s cultural treasury. In recent times, due to the impact of industrial civilisation, some ancient intangible cultures have been faced with problems such as lack of successors and loss of skills. In modern times, the Chinese government pays more attention to the protection of ICH. In this test. This paper will take the national intangible cultural heritage, Jingjiang palm puppetry, as an example to explore the protection and inheritance of China’s localised intangible cultural heritage from two perspectives: the government and the private sector.

Qualitative analysis of the transmission and preservation strategies for Qin'an Xiaoqu folk music in Gansu, China

This qualitative analysis aims to investigate the current state of transmission and conservation of Qin'an Xiaoqu folk music in Gansu, China. The research adopts a comprehensive approach, combining qualitative research techniques, fieldwork, literature analysis, and interviews. Key informants, including musicians, folk artists, cultural experts, and residents, contribute their knowledge and experiences related to Qin'an Xiaoqu. Ethnographic observations, participant observations, and in-depth interviews provide firsthand insights into the musical characteristics, historical significance, and cultural relevance of this tradition. The results underscore the historical, cultural, and spiritual importance of Qin'an Xiaoqu, reflecting the essence of the Chinese nation. However, challenges such as weak awareness, funding constraints, lack of successors, and changing cultural environment threaten its continuity. The research proposes strategies such as cultivating professional archivists, enhancing education transmission, and supporting musicians to preserve and transmit this musical heritage effectively. By recognizing its significance and implementing robust conservation strategies, this cherished musical legacy can endure for future generations, reinforcing the enduring spirit of Chinese culture.

The Impact of Intergenerational Inheritance on the Scale of Farmland Management in the Context of Aging: Evidence from Eastern China

The dilemma of aging and lack of successors must be understood to improve the scale efficiency and competitiveness of China’s agriculture. This paper uses a survey of 1347 farmers in Liaoning, Jiangsu, and Jiangxi and applies tobit and probit models to explore the impact of intergenerational inheritance on farmland management in terms of the current scale and willingness for expansion. The results show that (1) an increased probability of intergenerational inheritance in agriculture can significantly increase the scale of farmland operations, with a greater effect on the current scale than on the willingness to expand; (2) the scale upgrading effect of agricultural intergenerational inheritance is greater in regions with frequent nonagricultural activities and in families with middle or low-scale farmland operations; and (3) the promotion effect on the current scale is greater for elderly farmers 60 years old or above than for farmers who are 40–59 years old, while the promotion effect on the willingness for expansion exists only for the latter. Therefore, policies should attract young, skilled laborers to return to their hometowns for agricultural employment and entrepreneurship and support farmland transfer and scale operation in regions with frequent nonagricultural activities or a lower scale of agricultural operations.

College Students’ Perceptions of and Place Attachment to Rural Areas: Case Study of Japan and China

Rural areas are facing increasing challenges including declining populations, advanced aging, and a lack of successors. This study aimed to investigate the perceptions of rural areas among Chinese and Japanese university students living in urban areas and analyze the determinants influencing their rural attachment and willingness to reside there. A total of 259 students (126 Japanese students in Chiba and 133 Chinese students in Zhengzhou) were surveyed using the place attachment scale, and asked to describe their past experiences in rural areas. Semantic analysis was employed to further explore issues related to their previous rural visit experiences. The results revealed that students’ place of birth, visiting experience, satisfaction with rural areas, interaction with local people, and convenience of accessing rural areas all influenced their attachment and willingness to move to rural areas. Chinese students expressed greater concerns regarding hygiene issues, while Japanese students were more concerned about safety. This study offers some recommendations: promoting educational resources in rural areas and addressing hygiene issues, such as unclean restrooms, in China. In Japan, the focus should be on continued promotion of rural tourism, providing more education on safe driving and environmental safety for university students, and enhancing more access to rural areas through student transportation discounts.

Refractories analysis, teaching train and entrepreneurial guidance for college students

Refractory materials are important basic support materials in the field of high-temperature industry, and are facing the challenges of more efficient, better quality, multi-functional, environmental protection and green. In the face of global core technology competition and sustainable development of resources, the high-temperature industry will be committed to product optimization and research alternative technologies. The development goal of China's high-temperature industry is to produce high-quality products, achieve efficient production, sustainable green development and intelligent manufacturing. However, the current situation and future of the refractories industry is not optimistic, the system is backward, the brain drain, the lack of successor, has become a prominent problem facing the industry. The teaching and training of college students plays an important role in the development of refractory industry. By focusing on the combination of professional knowledge and practice, training students' innovative thinking and ability to cooperate with the industry can provide talent support for the development of the industry, solve the current problems, and promote the development of the industry to a more efficient, environmentally friendly and intelligent direction.

“Self-Driven Power” in the Sustainable Social Innovation Design of Ageing Districts—Based on an Investigation into the Southern Spring Town Historical District in Wuxi

This study examines the problems faced by decision-making regarding sustainable social innovation through field research in “villages on the urban fringe,” represented by the Southern Spring Town Historical District in Wuxi. On the premise of protecting urban diversity and cultural recognizability, the “wicked problem” factors that affect the protection and innovative design of the historical district and their framework are analysed by comparing the explicit and implicit factors of the district. This study finds that the residents of this district have undergone spontaneous renewal and changes driven by increasing foreign tourists. These changes are not the result of guidance by government planning and management, nor are they promoted by designers. Additionally, the residents of the Southern Spring Town Historical District generally recognize the unique value of the district’s historical and humanistic landscape. Self-driven power makes the residents’ meaning of environmental protection increase. They actively engage in catering and cultural business activities with Jiangnan regional features. Worries over the district’s lack of successors no longer exist, and a new hope for sustainable development has been gained. We believe that before using planning tools and design thinking to solve the problem of ageing historical districts under the trend of sustainable development, it is necessary to have a deeper understanding of the actual operation of such districts and their real needs and to allow time and space for local residents to solve the “wicked problem” through self-regulation to ultimately achieve the long-term goal of district preservation and sustainable development in a balanced manner.

“How we understand our place”: A Study of Japanese University student's Place Attachment and Desire to live to Rural Areas

Japan is facing increasingly severe challenges in rural areas, such as an aging and declining population and a lack of successors and young people. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (MAFF) of Japan has emphasized that it is important to explain to younger generations the region's appeal for rural development. The purpose of this study was to understand how young Japanese university students' perceptions of rural areas, as well as what factors, influence their attachment to rural areas and willingness to reside there. 71 students from Chiba University in Japan were selected for the survey. Students were asked to tell their experiences in rural areas, and the traditional Place Attachment Scale was used to analyze. In addition, semantic analysis was used to analyze the results of the free description. As a result, we found that students' birthplace, visiting experience, degree of interaction with residents, willingness to migrate, and level of satisfaction with their visit affected their place attachment. Students are generally more satisfied with rural areas, but less willing to move. This research provides the following suggestions for improving young people's sense of responsibility and inheritance in rural areas,1) University can set up relevant courses on rural history, culture, and environment to improve students' knowledge and awareness of rural areas, and learn more about the environment and culture of rural areas. 2) In the Information Age, students should actively be encouraged to go to rural areas to engage in more nature.

BẢO TỒN VÀ PHÁT TRIỂN LỄ HỘI TRUYỀN THỐNG NHẬT BẢN

Preserving traditional culture and preserving the intangible cultural assets of humanity is a matter of concern to almost every country in the world. Japan is one of the countries that, despite having a developed economy, still preserves almost intact many traditional cultural values of the nation, including festivals. The article explores the current status of festival conservation in Japan by analyzing a number of examples such as Obon, Gion, Daimokute, fire festivals, etc., at the same time, points out the remaining problems in conservation festivals such as: the impact of economic development towards for the change of festivals, the problem of lack of successors, funding for conservation and organization of the festival. In addition, the author also points out the policies that Japan has applied to preserve traditional festivals such as: promulgating relevant policies, providing budget and financial support, providing conservation methods, promoting advertising, promoting the festival, etc..., then propose some suggestions for Vietnam in this field.

A Low-cost Raspberry Pi-based Control System for Upper Limb Prosthesis

recent years, robots have been introduced in most factories. However, manual work still continues to be done in some places where giant robots cannot be installed. In particular, traditional Japanese crafts are done by hand, and people that engage in such crafts are called craftsmen. Generally, such artisans need years of training and cannot become experts right away. One of the problems these artisans face is the lack of successors. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a raspberry pi hardware based control method for a prosthetic hand using hand gestures from camera sensor, which will allow a prosthetic hand to learn the hand movements of the craftsmen and perform the crafts. The advantage of this is that there is no need for training, which usually takes years. To control the prosthetic hand, hand gestures are captured from a camera sensor, converted to HSV and binarized, and then classified into one of five gestures using a CNN implemented on the raspberry pi hardware. The recognized gesture is then relayed to the prosthetic hand to mimic the classified gesture. A dataset containing 2000 captured images of each gesture was created to evaluate the performance, and these gestures clearly define the closing and opening of the fingers. Using a 32×32 hand gesture image dataset captured from camera, we validated the trained CNN first in software for hand recognition without using Raspberry Pi, and achieved an accuracy of 99.63%, and then implemented on the raspberry pi, and performed real-time evaluation by recognizing five hand gestures captured from the camera sensor in real-time. Out of the hand gestures, four were correctly recognized. We presented the design of a low-cost prosthetic hand based on raspberry pi hardware, and evaluated its real-time hand gesture recognition. The evaluation result show that the proposed system is able to correctly recognize four hand gestures.

The Excellence of Yamazakura: Mountain Cherries and the Disappearing Tradition of Ukiyo-e Craft

Abstract Cherry blossom, sakura, is one of the visual symbols of Japan. For Japanese people it represents the beauty and fragility of life. Cherry tree belongs to the Rose family, which includes nearly 3000 different sub-species of flowering plants. Prunus serrulata, sometimes called as Oriental Cherry, is a species native to Japan, Korea and China. In Japan, cherry trees are roughly divided in yamazakura, wild mountain cherries and satozakura, cultivated cherry trees growing in residential areas. Moilanen’s research concentrates on the special properties of yamazakura, and its use in manufacturing printing blocks for traditional ukiyo-e woodblock prints. The unique craft of ukiyo-e is gradually fading into history due to lack of successors. Difficulties in finding proper yamazakura wood material for making the printing blocks add to the problem. Moilanen gives an overview to the art of ukiyo-e and the present day situation in printing block manufacturing. Her article also includes an introduction of other wood qualities used in Japan for printmaking and a short report about a Finnish attempt for finding an alternative wood material to yamazakura. Research on heat-treated alder and birch was conducted in Aalto University in Helsinki 2008–2012. Finally, the current state of yamazakura in Japan is estimated, and the future prospects of ukiyo-e printmaking.

An ethnobotanical study of forage plants in Zhuxi County in the Qinba mountainous area of central China

In the Qinba mountainous area of Central China, pig farming has a significant impact on the growth of the rural economy and has substantially increased farmer incomes. Traditional knowledge plays an important role in the selection of forage plant species for pig farming by local people. This study aimed to identify the forage plants used for pig feeding and to catalog indigenous knowledge regarding their use. During 2016 and 2017, ethnobotanical surveys and inventories were conducted in Zhuxi County, Hubei Province, China. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, key informant reports, free listings, guided field walks, and participatory observations with 77 households in 16 villages in 13 towns/townships. The obtained data were analyzed using a relative frequency citation (RFC) index. Overall, 145 wild forage plants from 91 genera and 31 families were recorded. The most cited families were Asteraceae, Polygonaceae, Urticaceae, Amaranthaceae, Fabaceae, Cruciferae, Caryophyllaceae, and Lamiaceae. Whole plants (75.9%) and tender leaves (12.4%) were the most frequently used parts of the plants. Most of the forage plants were herbaceous (88.9%). Almost all forage plants could be collected throughout the year (62.7%). Raw and cooked were the two main preparation methods. The most frequently cited species were Taraxacum mongolicum, Bidens pilosa, Sonchus oleraceus, Pilea verrucosa, and Pilea pumila var. obtusifolia. A total of 14 species were identified as the top forage plants in Zhuxi County based on their RFC values (RFC value greater than 0.5). Local people possess rich traditional knowledge about the utilization and management of forage plants for pig feeding. However, the maintenance of this traditional knowledge may be seriously threatened by changes in pig feeding modes and the lack of successors. Appropriate strategies and action plans have been suggested for the conservation of traditional knowledge associated with biodiversity and the sustainable use of forage species resources. These include 1) taking targeted measures to protect forage resources and associated traditional knowledge; 2) strengthening research on the forage plants with the highest RFC values for nutritional value, digestibility, other functions, and ecological status; and 3) enhancing the identification of poisonous forage plants.

일본 사회적수산업 동향 및 정책적 시사점: 에히메현 사례를 중심으로

Currently, Fisheries Industry of Korea is facing problems with a lack of successors and an aging society. Failure to address this is highly likely to cause a future decline in the industry. In Japan, there are efforts to mitigate these problems through social fisheries. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to define the trends in and policy implications of social fisheries in Japan and to make better policies to improve the industry in Korea. To this end, the researcher examined existing literature, and as a result of the survey, selected the case of Ehime Prefecture and conducted an on-site survey. One nonprofit organization (NPO) in Ehime Prefecture acquired a trout farming company and currently uses government funding to employ disabled person. Determining that it is dangerous for those with disabilities to work at sea, the organization requires these employees to perform their duties on fish farms in inland waters. Meanwhile, there is also support from administrative agencies and local universities. For example, the local government and Ehime University established a university–industry–government linkage project for the social fisheries industry. The survey found that people with disabilities work on trout farms, which can help these workers overcome depression and have hope for a future career in fishing.

A sucessão geracional segundo perspectivas paternas: Um estudo em propriedades rurais no Município de Condor (RS)

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os fatores que estimulam a sucessão geracional, a partir da visão de agricultores do município de Condor-RS. A amostra é não probabilística e por conveniência. Foram aplicados 64 questionários junto a agricultores do município de Condor-RS, nos meses de julho a agosto de 2019. Os dados foram analisados a partir da Análise Fatorial Exploratória, Análise de Clusters e Estatística Descritiva. Por intermédio das técnicas estatísticas, foram identificados dois grupos de agricultores. O primeiro é formado por agricultores que são menos sensíveis a fatores que influem nos processos sucessórios (19 agricultores). O segundo grupo é formado por agricultores mais sensíveis a fatores que influenciam na sucessão (45 agricultores). De um modo geral, os agricultores que contribuíram com essa pesquisa são do sexo masculino em sua maioria, com idade acima de 50 anos e escolaridade baixa. No que se refere à continuidade das propriedades, entre o total dos entrevistados, predominam agricultores sem sucessão, 78,12% (51 agricultores). Em termos de análise estratificada, considerando o conjunto de variáveis, tanto de caracterização de agricultores e propriedades, é importante considerar que existem diferenças entre os grupos analisados. Foi constatado que os agricultores menos sensíveis aos fatores que motivam a sucessão são aqueles onde predominam a falta de sucessores, mais tempo de atividade na propriedade, idade mais elevada do chefe da família e o tamanho das propriedades é menor. De maneira conjunta, estes aspectos podem estar, em maior ou menor grau, dificultando as possibilidades de sucessão no meio rural analisado.

WHAT DOES THE DAIRY ACTIVITY IN FAMILY ESTABLISHMENTS DESISTIMATE

This research had as objective to describe the factors that motivate the family farmers of Alto Alegre / RS to remain or to give up of the milk activity. In order to carry out this diagnosis, semi-structured interviews were applied to seventeen family establishments in the District of Santa Lucia - Alto Alegre (including all remaining farmers who left the activity in the locality), of whom ten are active and seven have given up their milk activity. It can be concluded that the lack of successor was the main aspect found for the exit or demotivation of rural producers of the milk activity; while the monthly income provided by the activity was the main reason for staying in it.

Windmills as the Forgotten Cultural Heritage Returning to Favour

Windmills are extremely interesting examples of architectural and technological monuments. For years, the objects located in Poland were neglected and their degradation was very rapid. There were many factors that contributed to this situation including unprofitable production, the ageing of staff, lack of successors, and insufficient financial resources of provincial conservators for the co-funding of conservation and restoration projects. Over the past few years, the number of initiatives, patterned on foreign practices, have been growing. Their aim is to preserve and popularise windmills. In many cases, windmills are converted into hotels or apartments.

Drivers of Land Abandonment in the Irish Uplands: A Case Study

Abstract Land abandonment is a complex multi-dimensional process with interlinked economic, environmental and social aspects. This paper presents a case study of an isolated hill sheep farming community in SW Ireland, where a combination of low incomes, ageing population, lack of successors and strong environmental constraints are perceived to be among the main factors leading to their demise. However, the uplands they have grazed for generations are of high nature conservation value, and depend on active management to maintain both their ecology and landscapes. The research, which is based on a combination of interviews and farming systems research, highlights the misfit between what the mountain can produce, light hill lamb, and what the globalised market demands. The paper argues that if ‘farming for conservation’ is the new function of such farming systems, then we should consider decoupling public goods payments from agricultural subsidies, along with integrating agriculture in disadvantaged areas within a broader rural development framework. The research aims to fill the gap between macro policy and the micro reality of an upland community on a self-declared ‘tipping point’.

Anomaly Monitoring System for Mandarin Orchard

Orchard workers of empirical rule has been inherited successors in Japan. However, empirical rule has been lost by the deserted garden due to the death of the farmers and lack of successors. We construct the low-cost system for acquiring meteorological data using the single board computers as a solution to this problem. In this paper, we consider the new feature of anomaly monitoring in order to prevent a crop of theft as based on our system.

Bariery rozwoju rodzinnych gospodarstw rolnych w opinii ich właścicieli z województwa opolskiego = Barriers to the development of family farms in the opinion of their owners from the Opolskie Voivodeship

The aim of the study is to identify changes in the organizational and production-related behaviours of commercial agricultural holdings’ owners. Overcoming main developmental barriers is vital to building potentials of the agriculture and rural areas in the Opolskie Voivodeship. For the purpose of the study exogenous and endogenous factors have been considered, in particular: agricultural policy, multifaceted institutional environment, farmers’ readiness to invest, changes in technology of production, search for specialization niches. The source of information was a questionnaire-based research conducted among the owners of agricultural holdings that cover the area of more than 10 hectares of arable land, whose produce is designed for the market. Having extended the research timespan (1992, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2014 and 2018), it can be concluded that the development of the commercial agricultural holdings in the region has clearly displayed attributes of stability. In 1992, 19% of the respondents perceived their holdings as developing, while in 2014 the number rose to 84% and 77% in 2018. Securing stability of agricultural holdings’ growth is significant for integrated rural development. The holdings’ owners consider the following to be the main external barriers: instability of prices and the state’s faulty policy. On the other hand, respondents point to the following as the chief internal barriers: low profitability of production, shortage of means available for investment and lack of successors. The major conclusion that can be drawn from conducted research proves the need of advancing broader strategic thinking on the development of agriculture and rural areas, both at national and regional scale.

A Spatial Simulation Model to Explore Agglutination of Residential Areas and Public Service Facilities

Abstract According to the report by National Institute of Population and Social Security Research in 2006, Japan starts long-term declining of population since 2005.As the mid-to-long term vision of urban and regional planning, consolidation of residential areas and public service facilities including withdrawal is necessary to improve Quality of Life for residents living rural area and suburban area. In addition, from providers’ point of view such as administration and private sectors, consolidation of the facilities is inevitable due to the profitability. Because of decrease in facility-users and lack of successors caused by population decline and aging, it is also difficult for public administration to provide public service. The purpose of this study is to get suggestions for sustainable urban and regional spatial structure in Japan. A spatial simulation model uses a multi-agent-based model to analyze the mid-and-long term change of agglutination of residential areas and public service facilities. At first, a multi-agent-based model to quantitatively evaluate agglutination of residential areas and public service facilities is developed. Next, sensitivity analysis was done to tune some crucial parameters influencing on simulation results. Finally, some simulations were carried out based on several scenarios with policies related to sustainability and accessibility of the facilities. As the result, it is found that public service facilities are apt to be agglutinated to the city center but a financial support by administration or NPO enables the facilities located on sub-centers to sustain public service.