Lack Of Professional Knowledge Research Articles

MODERN ASPECTS OF YOUTH EMPLOYMENT IN THE LABOR MARKET OF UKRAINE

The article deals with the problems of young people as one of the most vulnerable categories of the population in the Ukrainian labor market. Transferring young people from education to the labor market involves a number of difficult stages: the formation of personality; finding yourself and your place in life; obtaining general knowledge in school and other educational institutions; acquisition of social communication skills and experience; the first attempts to create your own family, etc. The asymmetries currently prevailing in the Ukrainian labor market significantly exacerbate the problem of employment in general and among young people in particular due to obstacles such as lack of experience and skills of professional adaptation, social immaturity and insecurity, mismatch of the first job level and quality of professional knowledge, the inconsistency of the first requests with real professional responsibilities, etc. All this significantly increases tensions in the labor market in the youth segment, which is an open, mobile, active, focused, progressive resource that learns quickly and easily adapts to change. The current segment of youth employment in Ukraine is primarily characterized by: low level of economic activity of the youngest age group; high unemployment, which decreases in older age groups of young people; structural imbalance between labor supply and demand; a significant level of informal employment, etc. According to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, in 2018 the level of economic activity among people aged 30-34 was 83.3%, aged 25-29 - 79.6% and was higher than the average among the population aged 15 - 70 years (62.6%). At the same time, among people aged 15-24, this figure was only 33.7% (in comparison, in the EU-28 the level of economic activity of young people aged 15-24 in 2018 was 41.7%). Maintaining a low level of economic activity of the younger generation in the labor market is a consequence of a combination of the productive sector development problems of the Ukrainian economy and the specifics of the youth segment of the labor market, in particular: limited employment opportunities, lack of professional knowledge, slow development of youth entrepreneurship, low effectiveness of mechanisms to stimulate youth involvement in labor activity. Implementing an active youth employment policy using transparent and effective mechanisms to encourage employers to hire young people, motivate young people to work and overcome stereotypes of employers about their low professionalism should become a priority of public policy in the near future. Keywords: youth, youth labor market, employment, economic activity, labor force, labor resources, state regulation, unemployment.

A Study to assess the Perceived stress and its contributing factors among nursing students during the initial period of their clinical posting in selected college of nursing, Bengaluru with a view to develop a Preclinical sensitization programme

Nursing curriculum is very challenging where the students experience extremely stressful situation especially during their clinical posting and therefore, they need a systematic orientation which will help them to cope with this. The aim of present study: To assess perceived stress of nursing students during their initial clinical posting, identify the contributing factors to stress among nursing students and to determine association of stress with selected baseline variables. A descriptive design was adopted for the study. The setting was St. John’s College of Nursing, Bengaluru. A sample of 110 subjects was taken using proportionate stratified sampling technique from first year B. Sc. and first year GNM students. A standardized questionnaire was used to assess the perceived stress and its contributing factors among students during their initial clinical posting, after they have completed a minimum of 2 weeks posting. The data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study showed that 7.27% of the samples had High Stress, 54.55% had Moderate Stress and 38.18% had Low Stress during the initial period of their clinical posting. The most common type of stressor identified by students was stress from lack of professional knowledge and skills with mean percentage of 52.73% and least was stress from peers and daily life with mean percentage of 29.54%. There was a significant association of perceived stress with selected baseline variable like presence of nurse in the family (0.033) at 0.05 levels of significance. The study finding showed that students face stress during their clinical posting and hence they need to be supported with a Sensitization programme to help them to cope better.

Qualitative research of working experience in the management mode of distributed daytime surgery nurse

Objective To briefly describe the work experience of nurses under the decentralized day Operation management mode, and explore Improvement Strategies, so as to provide reference for the better construction of day surgical nursing team. Methods Using phenomenological qualitative research method, Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 nurses, and the interview data were analyzed by using Colaizzi′s 7-Step analysis method. Results After analysis, the theme: the development of decentralized day surgery management mode has certain necessity, there are various kinds of diseases, complicated medical advice, strong fluidity, the characteristics of emotional agitation, nurses are faced with the lack of professional knowledge, poor health education, medical care and doctor-patient communication errors, gap between nurses′ performance expectation and actual existence, and bed vacancy increases the psychological burden of nurses. Conclusions Optimize the process and management system for patients in day surgical wards, ensure smooth communication between doctors, patients and nurses, pay attention to the mental health of nurses and patients, improve the nurse pay management system, and improve nurse training and education system. These can effectively help decentralized day surgical ward nurses to carry out their work better. Key words: Nurses; Dispersion type; Day surgery management; Work experience; Qualitative research

Stressors and Coping Strategies during Clinical Practice among Diploma Nursing Students.

IntroductionConsistent with the significant of the stress issue in education, this study aimed to survey type of stressors and identifies the coping strategies used by diploma nursing students during clinical practices.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Kubang Kerian Nursing College, Kelantan which involved 346 respondents using simple random sampling method. The inclusion criteria were year one, two and three of nursing students who have clinical posting and voluntarily joining the study. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Brief COPE inventory were utilised in the data collection. Higher mean score indicates higher degree of stress.ResultsClinical assignments and workload were the main stressor (mean = 3.19, SD = 1.09). Religion approach was the most coping strategy applied (mean = 3.30, SD = 0.71). Pearson’s correlation coefficient test found that six domains of stressors during clinical practices (taking care of patients; clinical educators/instructors and ward staff; clinical assignments and workload; peers and nursing students from other college; lack of professional knowledge and skills and clinical environment) were statistically significant correlation with coping strategies, where P-value < 0.05.ConclusionClinical assignment was the main stressor among nursing students; therefore, successful activities should be promoted to help them in managing clinical assignment and enhancing knowledge in religion.

Mandatory Surgical Subinternship in the Final Year of Medical School - a Stepping Stone to Becoming a Surgeon?

The final year is an important time for a medical student as this is when medical knowledge is transformed into medical responsibilities. The field of surgery is firmly anchored in the educational structure as it is mandatory during the practical year of a medical student. The purpose of this paper is to identify factors that influence medical students to choose surgery after the final year of medical school. An online survey conducted by the AG DGOU 2012 provided complete data sets from a total of 9079 participants. 184 of these had already completed their PJ compulsory sub-internship (tertiary) surgery. These were divided into four groups for analysis: decision to specialise in surgery prior to the PJ compulsory tertiary ("yes, before", JV), during the PJ compulsory ("yes, during", JW), decision against before the PJ compulsory ("no, before", NV) or during the compulsory ("no, during", NW). The total of 38 survey items were summarised for overall assessment, taking into account the decision on subject specialisation. 57.9% of the respondents were positive regarding the overall impression of the surgical internship during their final year. The respondents of the JW group were especially positive, having made the decision to become a surgeon, based on their internship experience during the final year in comparison to the NW group (decision against surgery). We find significant differences in all analysed items: integration into team JW/NW (p ≤ 0.003), acquisition of expertise (p ≤ 0.014), teachers (p ≤ 0.025), quality and structure of teaching (p ≤ 0.043) and overall satisfaction with the required tertial (p ≤ 0.037). In comparison to other specialities, in the field of surgery there is the option of recruiting directly within the framework of the compulsory internship. The results reveal unsatisfactory structures from a student perspective. The lack of medical care/support, the insufficient inclusion in therapeutic considerations, the lack of professional knowledge and lack of contact with the teachers are just a few key points that negatively impact the overall outcome of students' satisfaction with the compulsory tertiary education. The results of the present study should serve as motivation and contribute to the restructuring of the compulsory core of the Practical Year, which the Master Plan 2020 will entail.

Nursing students' stress and coping strategies during clinical training in KSA.

ObjectiveNursing students are exposed to several stressors during their studies and training. The aim of this study is to assess the degree of stress experienced by nursing students at Albaha University, KSA and the coping strategies they subsequently employ.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by a simple random sampling technique on 125 nursing students during their clinical practice. The data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire consisting of demographic variables, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Coping Behavior Inventory.ResultsOf the 125 participants, 48% were male and 52% were female. The mean age was 21 ± 1.56 years, and they were mostly single 110 (88%). Approximately 65 (52%) were very satisfied and 41 (32.8%) were satisfied with their clinical practice. The main stressors were noise (20; 16%), moving location (nine; 7.2%), social interaction (seven; 5.6%), and personal illness (seven; 5.6%). The perceived stress provoking factors included taking care of patients (1.56 ± 0.45), assignments and workload (1.60 ± 043), lack of professional knowledge and skills (1.24 ± 0.45), field of practice (1.47 ± 0.49), peers and daily life (1.89 ± 0.67), and teachers and nursing staff at hospitals (1.45 ± 079). The strategies used by students to minimise stress included taking a problem-solving approach (1.84 ± 067), staying optimistic (1.56 ± 076), transference (1.34 ± 1.20), and avoidance (1.23 ± 056).ConclusionThe nursing students in the study cohort were exposed to moderate stress due to different stressors. In response, they frequently used a problem-solving approach and avoidance. However, a standard protocol by institutions is required to help reduce stress among nursing students.

Педагогічна підтримка студентів – майбутніх соціальних працівників у процесі їх підготовки до роботи з наркозалежними

The article is devoted to the problem of professional training of the future social workers, namely, the nature and peculiarities of pedagogical support for future specialists in the social sphere in the process of their preparation for work with drug addicts. A number of obstacles for students to acquire professional competences to work with this category of persons, such as: unwillingness to pedagogically communicate with drug addicts due to ignorance of the social-pedagogical and psychological features of the latter, lack of professional knowledge and experience of practical training in dealing with drug addicts as objects of social work are found out. The peculiarities of pedagogical support of students are the establishment of social communication between each other and drug addicts, removal of emotional tension, familiarization with the life experience of drug addicts as a social situation of their life due to ways of their re-socialization and ways of overcoming discriminatory stereotypes drug addicts are established. The social-demographic, criminal and medical-psychological-pedagogical characteristics of drug addicts as well as social workers allowed us to also show a number of peculiarities of pedagogical support due to the establishment in pedagogical interaction between students and drug addicts are indicated. The “facilitative position” of pedagogue as a kind of pedagogical interaction between students and pedagogue, that is based on subject-subject relations of mutual acceptance, empathy, assistance, tolerance, when the teacher is a co-author of positive social change of students are considered. The availability of the personal experience, and in general, the personality of the teacher is not less important. The teacher’s brutalities such as: openness, empathy, tolerance, impartiality, mastering students in the desired direction, helping in stressful and uncomfortable situations, ability to overcome difficulties and barriers to communication are marked. A teacher is a good guide of the tolerant and non-discriminatory attitude towards this stigmatized category of persons. The principles of the pedagogical support of the future social workers and the forms and methods of such interaction are determined. The content of theoretical training of students, which allows them to carry out their pedagogical support, includes the questions of historical preconditions for the formation and development of the system of social and pedagogical work with drug addicts and users of psychoactive substances, the questions of the current state and ways of solving the problem of re-socialization of drug addicts in Ukraine and abroad, theoretical questions of the problem of re-socialization such persons. The range of practical issues includes the problems of rehabilitation centers activity as centers of social and pedagogical work, the technology of work of social pedagogue with drug addicts in the conditions of the rehabilitation center (the questions of training work organization, the use of interactive forms and methods of work with drug addicts, modern technologies of drug addicts prevention in youth). The advanced professional competencies are the result of the pedagogical support of the future social workers in the process of training them to work with drug addicts.

THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS OF ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF ADVOCACY

The article states that the bar is a legal institution; stressed the need to instill high moral ideals for future lawyers; it is said that the development of the moral and ethical basis of the lawyer's activity is the subject of lawyer's ethics; noted that questions regarding the ethical principles of advocacy have been the subject of scholarly debate at various times; given the status quo, the subject matter of the study was identified; the role of ethical foundations for the profession of lawyer was determined and determined, the essence of the professional ethics of the lawyer as a whole, the specifics of the lawyer's ethics were investigated; determined that the basis of the lawyer's ethics, considered the moral aspects of the lawyer's activity, taking into account the norms of the current legislation of Ukraine and the Rules of Attorney's Ethics, proposals for improvement of the moral and ethical rules governing the lawyer's activity; it is argued that a lawyer's ethics is a kind of professional ethics of a lawyer; argues that the importance of advocacy ethics is important both in professional communication and at all times; identified the basic components of the legal profession; emphasized that the lawyer should always strive for moral self-improvement; noted the special role of the Rules of Attorney Ethics; The Law of Ukraine "On Advocacy and Attorney-at-Law", the Constitution of Ukraine in the Lawyer's Profession; noted the list of constituent characteristics of the legal profession in accordance with the existing normative documents regulating the said issue, which should not be defiled; it is considered that moral and ethical standards of behavior should be inherent in a person, because thanks to them, the latter will be able to do justly, so awareness of the importance of categories such as honor, dignity, responsibility, competence, conscience, professionalism, corporate ethics help the lawyer to create and maintain business reputation. Based on human considerations, the professional and psychological grounds that would interfere with the lawyer's professional duties include the following: underdeveloped speech, lack of professional knowledge, psychological instability, rudeness, aggressiveness, imbalance. Thus, the most important qualities that a lawyer should have are the following: honesty and integrity, integrity, ethics, modesty and self-criticism; principle and perseverance; moderation; respect for the law, the court and colleagues; lawyer's independence.

Barriers Militating Against the Adoption of Biomimicry as a Sustainable Construction Practice

The integration of sustainable practices into construction processes and activities are imperative for achieving the greening agenda of the construction industry. However, there has been a proliferation of several sustainable construction practices (SCPs) with biomimicry standing out among them. As a novel approach that studies and emulates nature’s forms, processes, and strategies to proffer sustainable solutions to human challenges, biomimicry is beginning to gain momentum in its application across different sectors. This research sets out to identify what constitutes the barriers to the application of biomimicry. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted to establish the perception of construction professionals on the significant barriers to biomimicry adoption and implementation. A quantitative approach to data analysis was employed using the mean scores of the identified variables. Lack of awareness, lack of professional knowledge, and lack of training and education are identified as the top three barriers to biomimicry adoption and implementation. The study recommended that government, relevant professional bodies and stakeholders should encourage and embrace the adoption of biomimicry through awareness, education, training, and inclusion in the curriculum of institutions of higher learning. These will maximise the potential of biomimicry to aid innovative and sustainable outputs in the construction industry.

A educação permanente em saúde no serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência

A Educação Permanente é uma estratégia Política Nacional implantada pelo Ministério da Saúde em 2004, visando a capacitação dos profissionais nos serviços de saúde. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo, identificar por meio da literatura, as atividades relacionadas à Educação Permanente em Saúde que o Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência desenvolve no âmbito da prática assistencial. Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura com recorte temporal de 2012 a 2017 e busca de artigos nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde por meio de periódicos na Scientific Electronic Library Online – SCIELO, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde - LILACS, Base de dados de enfermagem - BDENF e Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde - MEDLINE. Na análise dos dados emergiram três categorias temáticas, sendo apresentadas nos resultados: a primeira categoria - a importância da educação permanente em saúde nos serviços de saúde. Segunda categoria - as estratégias e atividades de educação permanente em saúde. E a terceira categoria - a percepção dos profissionais sobre o processo de educação permanente no Serviço Móvel de Urgência. Obtém-se como resultado a falta de conhecimentos dos profissionais sobre Educação Permanente em Saúde e a importância de conhecer, incorporar e desenvolver atividades voltadas para aperfeiçoamento dos serviços móveis de urgência. Conclui-se que este instrumento é de grande valia para todos os profissionais por gerar mudanças no processo de trabalho dos setores e assim obter uma melhora nas práticas de saúde oferecidas a população diante da realidade local.

What constitutes professional communication in aviation: Is language proficiency enough for testing purposes?

This paper aims to identify what aviation experts consider to be the key features of effective communication by examining in detail their commentary on a 17-minute segment of recorded radiotelephony discourse between a Russian pilot and a Korean air traffic controller. The segment was played to three practising pilots and three air traffic controllers. Their commentary on the qualities of communication displayed in the interaction was recorded and coded thematically, using a grounded ethnography approach. The analysis revealed that although the Russian pilot was viewed as having limited English proficiency, the strategies he used to make himself understood were evaluated positively as fulfilling the requirements of the professional role. By contrast, the Korean air traffic controller, although not evaluated as having limited proficiency, was criticized for his lack of professional knowledge. The discourse analysis and the feedback given by these expert informants highlight not only the nature of the miscommunication arising in unexpected situations, but also the multiple factors that may contribute to it. While language proficiency is clearly an issue, there are many other sources of miscommunication that emerge during the exchange. These findings are used to critique the narrow, language-focused oral proficiency construct as articulated in the holistic descriptors and the rating scale stipulated by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO, 2010) as the basis for tests of aviation English worldwide. Instead the paper proposes an expanded construct of oral communication incorporating elements of professional knowledge and behaviour with a focus on interactional competence specific to this context.

Nursing students' perceived stress, coping strategies, health and supervisory approaches in clinical practice: A Slovak and Czech perspective

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between supervisory approaches in clinical practice on the one hand, and nursing students' level of experience, perceived stress, coping strategies and physio-psychosocial status on the other. DesignA cross-sectional descriptive study. MethodsThe sample consisted of 275 nursing students enrolled in bachelor's degree programs in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Participants provided data on background characteristics as well as completing the following instruments: Perceived Stress Scale; Physio-Psycho-Social Response Scale, and Coping Behavior Inventory. Relationships were examined by parametric Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyses. For group comparisons, multi-factor analysis of variance procedure was performed. ResultsExperienced nursing students perceived higher levels of stress than novice students. Slovak students subject to traditional group supervision by nursing teachers reported higher stress levels related to teachers, peers, lack of professional knowledge and skills, while also reporting a higher frequency of avoidance behaviors; and less frequent problem-solving activity than Czech students under individual supervision by clinical mentors. Clinical stressors accounted for 22% of variance in the students' physical, psychological and social health. Academic stressors accounted for only 5% of variance and avoidance behaviors only 2% of variance in student's physical, psychological and social health. ConclusionsThese results suggest that the stress or anxiety perceived by nursing students is acounted for mainly by clinical stressors. Further studies should focus on identifying other predictors (personal, external) of students' physical, psychological and social health and also examine the effectiveness of specific stress management programs and, individual supervisory approaches in reducing the intensity and, the negative effects of stressors.

Očekivanja i ograničenja primene obračuna troškova po aktivnostima u malim i srednjim preduzećima

In the present study we examine the application of activity-based costing (ABC) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We want to investigate the circumstances which determine whether ABC will improve performance and competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises. The main objective of our study is to determine the effects (expectations) and limitations of ABC application in small and mediumsized enterprises. In addition to other factors, the expected benefits and potential limitations are the key factors for future implementation of ABC and potential improvement of performance and competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises. The analysis is conducted on a sample of 33 small and medium-sized enterprises in Serbia. The study shows that the key benefits of ABC implementation are performance improvement and providing more accurate information. Also, one of the most important obstacles to wider application of ABC in small and medium-sized enterprises is the lack of professional knowledge and practical experience.

Victims’ role in the criminal justice system

In theory, crime victims have several rights and privileges—ranging from the rights to be heard to the right to confer with the prosecution. However, they are still considered as the forgotten individuals in the system because of underlying issues associated with the implementation of victims’ rights laws. Today, most states do not have any effective mechanisms of implementing legislation guaranteeing the rights of victims. The primary purpose of this article is to offer a comparative assessment of victims’ rights legislation in USA and to discuss some of the issues inherent in the implementation of these laws. Issues such as the lack of professional knowledge, the lack of enforcement mechanisms, strict eligibility criteria for compensation, varying definitions of victim across jurisdictions, and the limited scope of most crime victim legislation are discussed. The article also discusses ways to address the issues identified.

Prevalence of Teachers’ Professional Malpractices in Tanzanian Public Secondary Schools: What Ought to Be Done?

This study explored stakeholders’ views on preventive measures towards increasing teachers’ malpractices in schools in Tanzania. Specifically, the study sought to identify prevalent forms of teachers' malpractices; explore factors for their occurrence; and explore views on how to forestall the problem. It draws on qualitative and quantitative data generated from 75 respondents including the Teachers’ Service Department (TSD) officers, education officers, school inspectors, teachers, and students. The data were generated from questionnaires, interviews, Focused Group Discussion, documentary search and non-participant observation. Data analysis involved both qualitative and quantitative approaches. While Qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis, Quantitative data were converted into frequencies and percentages and then presented in tabular forms. The findings unveiled that absenteeism, abusive and violent behaviours, sexual abuse to mention a few were prevalent forms of teachers’ malpractices in schools. Their occurrence were attributed to teachers’ low salaries and remunerations, poor living and working conditions, influence of science and technology, lack of professional knowledge and poor management as well as infrequent visits and inspections of schools. In order to remedy the problem respondents proposed that teachers’ needs and plights to be addressed timely, funds allocated to the TSD should be raised and involvement of stakeholders in all decision making related to the teaching profession. It was also suggested for the TSD to be empowered to oversee teachers’ discipline both in public and private owned schools. In the light of the findings, the study concludes that teachers’ malpractice is still a problem of great concern in rural and urban schools in Tanzania. Therefore, rigorous collaborative effort by the government and the wider community is needed in order to promote desirable professional behaviour in schools.

Palliative Care for Children with Cancer in the Middle East: A Comparative Study.

Introduction:High incidence rates of childhood cancer and the consequent deaths in the Middle East is one of the major reasons for the need for palliative care in these countries. Using the experiences and innovations of the other countries can provide a pattern for the countries of the region and lead to the development of palliative care in children. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the status of pediatric palliative care in Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey, and Iran.Materials and Methods:This is a comparative study in which the information related to pediatric palliative care system in the target countries (from 2000 to 2016) has been collected, summarized, and classified by searching in databases, such as “PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar, Ovid, and science direct.”Results:Palliative care in children in the Middle East is still in its early stages and there are many obstacles to its development, namely, lack of professional knowledge, inadequate support of policy-makers, and lack of access to opioids and financial resources. Despite these challenges, providing services at the community level, support of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), using trained specialists and multi-disciplinary approach is an opportunity in some countries.Conclusion:Considering the necessity of the development of pediatric palliative care in the region, solutions such as training the human resources, integrating palliative care programs into the curriculum of the related fields, establishing facilitating policies in prescription and accessibility of opioids, providing the necessary support by policy-makers, doing research on assessment of palliative care quality, as well as NGOs' participation and public education are suggested.

FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL MIND OF ECONOMIC MANAGERS

Purpose. The author’s scientific interests are focussed on training managerial staff through further education based on their undergraduate degree in their field of study. Methodology. This paper uses the following research techniques: study of regulatory documents, analysis of the contents of documents and databases, desk review of secondary data. Results. The paper mentions high market demand for qualified managers. It highlights the necessity of better preparation of managers in universities as formation of professional mind of a manager is an extremely difficult process. A manager, who is knowledgeable and skilful in a certain field, cannot possess universal characteristics. Professional mind of a manger is not prepared to highly effective and productive work, to solving unique problems. Hence, a lack of professional knowledge should be eliminated. Therefore, it can be concluded that economic managers should be further educated in universities provided they have a degree in “Economics”. Managerial training cannot be first or mainstream education of future managers. Practical implications. The research results can be used in the development of the basic professional educational programs at management training.

Professional graphic design knowledge in Hong Kong: from graduate to professional

AbstractThis article investigates the scope of graphic design professional knowledge in practice, and questions whether the knowledge and training provided at university are sufficient for graduates to become design professionals in Hong Kong. Official reports indicate that Hong Kong designers’ competence is limited to skills of execution, contributing in general to a low standard of professionalism due to a lack of professional knowledge. Three kinds of respondents were involved in the study: graduate graphic designers, design firm employers, and design academics. The study relied on a mixed method approach, with the qualitative interview method as the core qualitative component and a survey as the supplementary quantitative component. Findings reveal the similarity of views held by the academics, employers and graduate designers interviewed: ‘A professional designer is knowledgeable and performs well in both internal and external environment.’ However, the graduate designers believe that aesthetic appea...

FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL ORIENTATION OF STUDENTS PEDAGOGICAL COLLEGE BY MEANS OF PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE

In work the pedagogical practice is considered an essential element in the system of vocational training of the teacher education institutions. Provided the task of teaching practice, opened the main functions of teaching practice. Teaching practice is an important link in the system of vocational training of the teacher education institutions. The practice has always been a long and continuous, thus ensuring a sufficient foundation for laying the basic pedagogical abilities and skills of future specialists. Teaching practice is an important step in the formation and consolidation of professional orientation, as it contributes to the development of cognitive activity of students, needs and ability to continue to absorb the necessary new knowledge, comprehending and accepting them as a means of mastering the profession. Keywords: pedagogical practice, teaching activities, the function of practice teaching, pedagogical practice in the educational, basic pedagogical skills, the capacity of teaching practice. Teaching practice is an important link in the system of vocational training of the teacher education institutions. The practice has always been a long and continuous, thus ensuring a sufficient foundation for laying the basic pedagogical abilities and skills of future specialists. In the practice of students can see if it is correctly chosen field of activity. In addition, it must be remembered about the psychological laws of formation of the creative personality, which is possible only on the basis of the unity of the person and work of adopted person. The decisive prerequisite and practical training is a versatile orientation of the future teacher to all areas of educational activities, its methodical equipment, proper educational interaction and organization, research and search work and mastery of her technique. And a lot of attention paid to the development of a future educator teaching self awareness, personal and professional orientation. In accordance with the purpose of the practice is: the acquisition of practical work experience of students as a teacher of educational institutions, as well as the formation of their pedagogical knowledge and skills, professional significant qualities of the teacher personality. Practice really helps to shape in a natural educational process methodical reflection, when the students and the subject of their meditations are means and methods of their own educational activities, and decision making processes of practical solutions. An analysis of own activities intern helps realize the difficulties encountered in his work and find ways to overcome them literate. Difficulties at the future teachers may arise, depending on their individual characteristics, the nature of training and professional orientation. Features of individual children and groups also affect the pedagogical process. Therefore, an objective analysis of the activity will help the intern to find pedagogically appropriate approach. It is important that students learn to determine what mistakes have been made by them because lack of professional knowledge and skills (the ability to activate the children, to organize their independent work, to choose the pace and methods of training), and which are due to personal qualities (behavior in the classroom, ways of interaction, emotion and so on. d.). Select the following tasks of teaching practice: In depth and consolidation of theoretical knowledge of students; the shaping and development of future teachers pedagogical skills, pedagogical consciousness and professionally significant qualities of the person; - The development of their professional culture; - The formation of their creative thinking, individual style of professional activity, the research approach to it; - The establishment of vocational guidance and professional upbringing; - Development of students' needs in pedagogical self education and self improvement of its constant;

Suggestions to strengthen quality management of herbal decoction pieces——based on production chain of herbal decoction pieces

With the development of society and the improvement of people's living standards, the effect of Chinese medicine in treatment and health care is more and more prominent. The herbal decoction pieces are the important part of Chinese medicine,it can be applied directly to clinical treatment and it's also the raw material of Chinese patent medicine. Therefore, the quality of herbal decoction pieces is quite important. The parts of the production of herbal decoction pieces are numerous, and there are possibilities of adverse effects on the quality of the herbal decoction pieces in every part. In this paper, we based on the production chain of herbal decoction pieces, analyzed the main problem that affect the quality of herbal decoction pieces in the part of selection of Chinese herbal medicines, planting, purchasing, processing, packaging, storage and transport, such as the poor quality of seed and seedlings of plant-based Chinese medicines, some plants left their place of origin and have been introduced in the place that is not suitable for this kind of plant, the insufficient growth time and the excessive harmful substances. The purchasers and the accepters lack of professional knowledge and professional ethics. The mechanism of processing is not clear, the standards can not be uniformed, and lack of qualified person in processing, etc. So we suggest: intensify the basic research of key scientific issues. Improve the quality of persons who work in herbal decoction pieces; Establish an "integration" mode of operation in herbal decoction pieces enterprise; Breeding high quality plant resources, establish the large-scale planting basement; Make the packing of herbal decoction pieces standard; Establish the modernization traditional Chinese medicine logistics enterprise.