Lack Of Financial Stability Research Articles

Макроэкономическая стабильность: теория и реальность

This article explores the concept of macroeconomic stability originated from the theory of general economic equilibrium (GEE) by L. Walras. Modern macroeconomic models that do not contradict the GEE, a implement the principles of consistency of micro- and macroeconomic analysis, the interrelation of markets, and the effectiveness of market mechanism. Economic fluctuations generated by shocks are in dialectical unity with the state of equilibrium. The aim of macroeconomic policy is to maintain equilibrium (macroeconomic stability) through inflation targeting and effective public debt management. Within the framework of this policy a number of goals are met including the control over inflationary expectations, strengthening confidence in the central bank, and overcoming inflation. However, low inflation rates can produce liquidity traps, thus causing a need to adjust monetary policy and develop its new instruments. At the same time, the global crises of the 21st century, the Great Recession of 2008 and the COVID-19 pandemic, prompts to re-evaluate the contradictions between the theoretical concept of equilibrium and the real state of the economy, as well as measures needed to stabilize it during a recession. The policy of overcoming the crisis in 2020 includes large-scale discretionary fiscal and monetary stimulus according to Keynesian recipes, in the absence of which the loss of jobs, closure of enterprises, and lack of financial stability are inevitable. The gap between theory and reality, as it happened during the Great Depression almost a hundred years ago, once again raises the questions of further development of macroeconomics. The article may be of interest to teachers and students interested in the prospects for the development of scientific knowledge in this area.

Identifying Social Determinants of Health Leads to the Diagnoses of Scurvy in the Developed World. Case Report.

Identifying social determinants of health can help diagnose certain nutritional deficiencies. By overcoming these barriers, we can prevent future hospitalizations and better public health. We present a unique case where a 46-year-old man presents with bilateral lower extremity swelling secondary to vitamin C deficiency. Throughout history taking, his social determinants of health were identified and he was diagnosed with scurvy from the suspected poor nutritional intake. His poor nutritional intake could have resulted from a lack of financial stability and a harsh home environment. This case is evidence that social determinants of health can directly impact a patient’s well-being, and as physicians, we need to identify them to provide the most resources we can to help improve patient care. This in turn can decrease unnecessary emergency room visits and hospitalizations.

Effect of COVID-19 crisis on mental health of physiotherapy students

CONTEXT: COVID-19 outbreak has disrupted the lives of many people. The lockdown imposed from March 2020 in India, a necessary step taken for containment of the coronavirus infection, also had its effect on students' social and academic life. Along with many individuals, the student population has also gone through a range of psychological and emotional reactions due to uncertainty, lack of financial stability, academic delay, lack of physical contact with family members, friends, and constant overloading of information via social media.AIMS: The study was conducted to determine the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on the mental health of physiotherapy students.SETTINGS: Community (online).DESIGN: Survey study-Questionnaire based.SUBJECT AND METHODS: An online survey was conducted via Google forms consisting of demographic data and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)-21 questionnaire (a shorter version of DASS41) having seven questions each subscale, i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress. The data were collected from June 22, 2020, to July 3, 2020.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Descriptive analysis of the data obtained was performed.RESULTS: A total of 275 physiotherapy students participated in the study. About 34.6% of students were found to have depression, 31.1% have anxiety, and 16% have stress in the range of mild, moderate, severe, and extremely severe. Majority were in mild category of depression, anxiety, and stress. 4th-year students were found to be more affected as compared to other students.CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 crisis has affected the mental health of students.

Behavior Science Led Technology for Financial Wellness: A Critical Review

Individuals' general well-being is said to be strongly influenced by their financial situation. To be financially well-off, one must have a sense of control over one's finances and the ability to make informed decisions about one's financial future. This directly affects one's general quality of life, including one's productivity at work, the quality of one's relationships, and one's health. Additionally, achieving financial health can be a challenge for many people because the paths to achieving it aren't always clear and can be daunting to many. The epidemic in India has made financial security a top stressor for the majority of people, according to recent reports in the country. Consequently, a fundamental issue for the country is a lack of financial stability. Across the globe, people are concerned about their financial well-being. Many behavioral biases and impediments to financial decision-making have been discovered in the study of behavioural finance as a means of alleviating this problem. Lack of self-control, inability to make sound financial decisions, or a failure to recognise one's own financial requirements and the correct items to purchase are just a few examples. We propose a comprehensive and hyper-personalized way to impact financial behaviour that blends technology and behavioural science. Financial well-being may be improved with this strategy by using behavioral levers and nudges. This strategy works because it combines two distinct characteristics: (1) an appealing front-end user interface and (2) Analytical and consumer insights are used to provide clients with valuable suggestions. With the help of a financial counselor, you can ensure that your long-term financial goals are met. In order to reach as many Indians as possible with financial inclusion, we need to broaden the definition of financial health to include everyone in the country.

ANALYSIS OF THE FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF ENTERPRISES IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The article investigates the concept of financial stability, reveals the basic methodological methods of assessing the financial condition in general and financial stability, analyzed the financial stability of enterprises, identified the weakening of the financial condition of the company and suggested ways to improve it. In modern conditions of management, especially in the conditions of financial crises and socio-political instability are challenging for businesses sustainable and efficient operation. However, it is not only the impact of environmental factors that is negative affects the activity of enterprises, but also the lack of an effective mechanism for managing financial security and ensuring an adequate level of financial sustainability for businesses that can withstand permanent one changes in economic conditions. Identification of the main components of the financial management mechanism enterprise sustainability is one of the most important and pressing problems today, whereas lack of financial stability can lead to the insolvency of an enterprise, destruction of strategic potential and threats to its financial security. The condition of sustainable development of the enterprise as a whole is its effective economic activity, is aimed at ensuring one's own survival, stability, development and achievement of its stated goals. One of the main factors for sustainable enterprise development should be a mechanism that would monitored the accomplishment of the set tasks in the long run. The need to develop theoretical approaches to the study of financial stability is to ensure the stabilization of the financial position of enterprises based on the use of strategic and tactical financial management tools. The formation of an effective strategy for overcoming the insolvency of economic entities is determined by the prospects for the development of financial management, rethinking the results of previous development, changing the quality of monitoring the financial condition of enterprises, developing algorithms for crisis diagnosis, minimizing financial risks and rational management of financial flows.

Psychospołeczne uwarunkowania odraczania decyzji o macierzyństwie

Cel. Celem artykułu jest refleksja teoretyczna na temat podejmowania przez kobiety decyzji o ciąży i macierzyństwie po 35 roku życia.
 Omówione koncepcje. Artykuł oparty jest na dotychczasowych badaniach na temat macierzyństwa. Dla wielu współczesnych kobiet macierzyństwo nie stanowi życiowego priorytetu. W związku z tym odkładają decyzję o ciąży na późniejsze lata bądź całkowicie odrzucają myśl o dziecku. Głównym założeniem artykułu jest analiza przyczyn tego globalnego zjawiska.
 Wyniki i wnioski. Uznaje się, że przemiany ustrojowe i polityczne lat 90. ubiegłego wieku przyczyniły się do powszechności późnego macierzyństwa w Polsce. Najczęstsze powody podejmowania decyzji o ciąży dopiero po 35 roku życia to: wydłużona edukacja w Polsce, znacząca pozycja kariery zawodowej w życiu wielu młodych ludzi, brak stabilizacji finansowej, nastolatyzacja dorosłości oraz lęk przed łączeniem obowiązków zawodowych i rodzinnych.
 Wartość poznawcza. W artykule zaprezentowano kompleksowe zestawienie psychospołecznych uwarunkowań późnego macierzyństwa. Może to stanowić obszar dalszych badań i rozważań.

The Motif of Ageing in the Modern Canadian Literature: A Feminine Aspect (“The Bear Came Over The Mountain” by Alice Munro and “Torching The Dusties” by Margaret Atwood)

The article focuses on the analysis of artistic peculiarities in terms of the depiction of the motif of ageing in the short stories “The Bear Came over the Mountain” and “Tourching the Dusties” written by two outstanding Anglo-Canadian authors Alice Munro and Margaret Atwood. The attempt has been made to reveal the range of representative features, which serve to embody the abovementioned motif in modern Anglo-Canadian short stories, throughout the comparative analysis of works, similar in their plot. The motif of ageing as well as the idea of discrimination against elderly people (ageism) are widely presented in the modern Canadian literary heritage, which corresponds to the general tendency of the considerable increase in number of plots about the representatives of this age group in well-developed countries. Drawing on the example of the chosen short stories, it turns out to be possible to assume that both gender and national identities are vividly embodied in terms of realization of motif of ageing. The protagonist is a woman that reveals the peculiarities of a way of living, typical for elderly Canadian citizens: problems of existence in the nursery home, loneliness, loss of family relations and the necessity of new social contacts. Deep-laid psychologism, revealed through the images of nature, morally strong, creative personality of the main heroine are typical features of Canadian identity manifestation. Peculiarities of woman’s attitude towards ageing are embodied in her self-perception through the lens of fading beauty, problem of self-continuation through children, self-realisation and lack of financial stability in the old age. These components of narrative and problematic aspect establish the typical Anglo-Canadian variant of ageing theme, reflected through the lens of feminine outlook.

From “Migrant” to “Citizen”: Labor Market Integration of Former Live-In Caregivers in Canada

This study examines the impact of attaining permanent resident status on the employment integration of migrant caregivers in Canada. The authors use survey data from 631 caregivers who arrived as migrants under a temporary foreign worker program before transitioning to permanent residency, as well as data from 47 focus group discussions. The authors find that although most caregivers do switch out of caregiving work over time, they often remain within a few, lower-skilled occupations. Postsecondary education acquired before migration has no impact on occupational mobility. Caregivers’ lack of financial stability and the stigmatization of their employment experience often constrain their labor market options; moreover, an emotional bond and sense of obligation toward employers often hinder their ability to move out into other occupations, even after receiving legal permanent resident status. From the empirical results, the authors provide theoretical insights into the complex relationship between immigration patterns and labor markets.

Decyzje władz gospodarczych (policy mix) a stabilność systemu finansowego w Polsce

Brak stabilności finansowej to czynnik sprzyjający kryzysom finansowym rozumianym jako zaburzenia w funkcjonowaniu rynków finansowych. Ponadto sam kryzys finansowy może również przyczynić się do niestabilności finansowej. Kryzysy finansowe uwidaczniają istotność stabilności finansowej w gospodarce. W tym kontekście koordynacja polityki pieniężnej i fiskalnej staje się niezwykle ważna w okresach stabilności na rynkach finansowych, jednak w warunkach nadzwyczajnych, np. kryzysowych nabiera szczególnego znaczenia. Celem artykułu jest analiza decyzji podejmowanych przez władze gospodarcze w Polsce i ich konsekwencji dla stabilności systemu finansowego, szczególnie w wyjątkowych warunkach kryzysu finansowego. W opracowaniu wykorzystano następujące metody badawcze: przegląd literatury, statystyczne metody badawcze oraz metody graficznej prezentacji zjawisk. Z pewnością polityka pieniężna i fiskalna wspólnie oddziałują na kształtowanie się równowagi w gospodarce danego państwa. Stąd temat ten jest istotny chociażby ze względu na to, że wybór optymalnej kombinacji polityki pieniężnej i fiskalnej jest utrudniony z uwagi na odmienność celów i preferencji władz gospodarczych. Wydaje się, że kryzys finansowy i jego następstwa mogły przyczynić się do współpracy banku centralnego i rządu, co w rezultacie mogło korzystnie wpłynąć na poziom stabilności finansowej w Polsce.

Ether in the developing world: rethinking an abandoned agent.

BackgroundThe first true demonstration of ether as an inhalation anesthetic was on October 16, 1846 by William T.G. Morton, a Boston dentist. Ether has been replaced completely by newer inhalation agents and open drop delivery systems have been exchanged for complicated vaporizers and monitoring systems. Anesthesia in the developing world, however, where lack of financial stability has halted the development of the field, still closely resembles primitive anesthetics.DiscussionIn areas where resources are scarce, patients are often not given supplemental intraoperative analgesia. While halothane provides little analgesia, ether provides excellent intra-operative pain control that can extend for several hours into the postoperative period. An important barrier to the widespread use of ether is availability. With decreasing demand, production of the inexpensive inhalation agent has fallen.SummaryEther is inexpensive to manufacture, and encouraging increased production at a local level would help developing nations to cut costs and become more self-sufficient.

Public Health Insurance in Vietnam towards Universal Coverage: Identifying the challenges, issues, and problems in its design and organisational practices

Vietnam is attempting to achieve universal health insurance coverage by 2014. Despite great progress, the country faces some challenges, issues and problems. This paper reviewed official documents, existing reports, and related literature to address: (1) grand design for achieving universal health coverage, (2) current insurance coverage, (3) health insurance premium and subsidies by the government, (4) benefit package and payment rule, and (5) organizational practices. From the review, it became apparent that the insurance system is broadly speaking complex and there are huge ambiguities, which seems hindering universal coverage of health insurance. Also, hidden distorted incentives and lack of financial stability are the main challenges in the current public health insurance system in the country.

Employment Isn’t Enough

One of the greatest needs for persons leaving prison and returning to their communities is immediate employment. Although this has been researched and written about by many in the field of criminology and criminal justice, this study, based on interview data obtained from seventy men and women on parole in Colorado, expands on the recognized need for employment by identifying and analyzing the additional collateral financial obligations that are rarely addressed by researchers and correctional practitioners. In addition to describing barriers to obtaining employment, we explore financial obligations that may significantly prevent ex-offenders from gaining an economic foothold, even when employed, including mandatory parole expenses and other debts incurred prior to and after incarceration. Without the ability to meet these financial obligations, many returning former prisoners came to believe they will never achieve economic success. A lack of financial stability and little hope for a better future may significantly affect the ability of many persons leaving prison to successfully reenter society.

Microfinance Activities and Factors Affecting the Growth of Microfinance in Developed & Developing Countries

Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) have served millions of poor people around the world by offering them small loans with easy repayment terms. This review paper highlights the microfinance activities performed by the MFIs and also indicates the critical factors that hinder the growth of microfinance in developing and developed nations. It is found that the foremost factors obstructing the adoption of microfinance are: lack of financial stability, uncontrolled growth, cultural and value impede, systematic frauds, bureaucratic obstacles, state intervention, methodological defects, and shortage of credit rating agencies.

Consumer perspectives on recovery: A focus on housing following discharge from hospital

Housing is a critical element in recovery from mental illness. Without suitable housing, people have little chance of maintaining other resources in their lives, such as supportive social relationships and meaningful activities. This study investigated consumers' perspectives on the recovery needs of people who are living with a mental illness, especially those who might need supported accommodation as part of their reintegration into the community. Good quality housing is a critical element in recovery for people living with a mental illness. Findings indicate that when people become unwell, they can destroy resources in their lives, such as housing and friendships. A lack of financial stability can be a problem and exacerbate other difficulties. Having a mental illness means living with loss, stigma, and loneliness, but having someone who understands contributes significantly to recovery. The literature suggests that 'recovery' can relate to the relief of symptoms or from the stigma of the illness, recovering from the effects of treatment, from the lack of opportunities, and from the destructive aspects of mental illness. Findings from this study support these aspects, but also that recovery seems to be more. After spending time with the participants, the authors concluded that recovery also means the recovery of a life that includes supportive friends, living in a community in which at least some people 'understand', and of recovering a life that includes activities that give that life meaning. Consumers can make a significant contribution to our understanding of mental illness and recovery.

Lifestyle of the Elderly in Rural and Urban Malaysia

Malaysia is steadily progressing toward an aging population demographic pattern. While aging is a natural process, its impact can be painful individually as well as for the nation. Individually there is a loss of a paying job after retirement, loss of physical and mental fitness, and also occasionally the loss of social integration due to lack of mobility. For a nation, an aging population means a growing dependency ratio, a greater need of care, and more medical facilities for this age group. This article looks at the various economic and social implications of the aging population in Malaysia in general, and in the rural and urban setting specifically. The paper focuses on a research sample of 132 (66 rural, 66 urban) elderly persons. The findings suggest that the demographic patterns of the elderly vary from the rural to the urban setting, with differing issues that need to be addressed to alleviate problems encountered related to loneliness, lack of financial stability, and emotional strain. Policy suggestion will be geared toward providing a solution to problems at hand as well as aiding the working group members to prepare and sustain a comfortable livelihood for the aged in their later years.