LabVIEW Environment Research Articles

A New Readout Electronic for Kinetic Inductance Detectors

With this contribution we show the readout electronics for kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) that we are developing based on commercial IQ transceivers from National Instruments and using a Virtex 5 class FPGA. It will be the readout electronics of the COSmic Monopole Observer (COSMO) experiment, a ground based cryogenic Martin–Puplett Interferometer searching for the cosmic microwave background spectral distortions. The readout electronics require a sampling rate in the range of tens of kHz, which is both due to a fast rotating mirror modulating the signal and the time constant of the COSMO KIDs. In this contribution we show the capabilities of our readout electronics using Niobium KIDs developed by Paris Observatory for our 5 K cryogenic system. In particular, we demonstrate the capability to detect 23 resonators from frequency sweeps and to readout the state of each resonator with a sampling rate of about 8 kHz. The readout is based on a finite-state machine where the first two states look for the resonances and generate the comb of tones, while the third one performs the acquisition of phase and amplitude of each detector in free running. Our electronics are based on commercial modules, which brings two key advantages: they can be acquired easily and it is relative simple to write and modify the firmware within the LabView environment in order to meet the needs of the experiment.

Implementation of the test method for trackside emissions of magnetic disturbances from rolling stock according to ERA/ERTMS/033281

The aim of the work presented in this article was to made and implement original computer software made in the LabVIEW environment. That program automate the measurement of emissions of magnetic disturbances coming from rolling stock. It is dedicated for oscilloscope card and RSAL 5340, RSAH 5324 rolling stock antennas for axle counter. The indicated algorithms of proceeding coming directly from the standards, additional own methods of fast data analysis was made. Communication between the measurement cards and computer using USB with self-power USB hab was used. The softawer is fully compatible with the requirements contained in the ERA/ERTMS/033281 [6].

Artificial Intelligence Based Determination of Cracks in Eggshell Using Sound Signals

Although the egg is a cheap food source, it is one of the valuable nutritional sources for people because of its rich nutritional values. It is also among the most consumed foods in daily nutrition. With the increase in egg production, it is very difficult to collect them with the human power in the egg production farms, to classify them according to their weights and to separate the defective (dirty and broken) eggs. Therefore, the mechanization has become a necessity in large capacity production farms. Cracks and fractures may occur in the egg shell as a result of exposure to external factors such as the transportation of eggs. The cracks or fractures that are formed leave the egg vulnerable to disease-causing micro-organisms. Before the egg sorting and packing, the broken and cracked eggs must be separated. This process is commonly carried out with manpower by which it is very difficult to obtain the necessary efficiency. In this study, the egg crack detection was performed by using Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). As a result of the application of studied methods, the accuracy values of crack detection process were 0.99 for ANN and 1 for SVM. In addition, a data acquisition and processing program was developed in LABVIEW environment to detect cracks in real time.

Advanced Multi-Modeling of PWR Dynamics and Deep Learning based Computational Tool in SIMULINK and LabVIEW

The reactivity monitoring, prediction, and investigation is the most important parameter to ensure the safety and reliable operation of a nuclear power plant. This parameter is gained further importance in Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) due to more sophisticated reactivity insertion mechanisms and innovative reactor core fuel loading scheme. Based on deterministic internal and external dynamics and neutronics analysis of Advanced PWR, all the reactivity feedback effects such as Doppler effect, moderator effect, control rod effect, liquid boron effect and reactor poisons effect are investigated, modeled and stochastically optimized using deep artificial intelligence. Advance Pressurized Water Reactor (APWR) of 600 MWe rating (AP-600) is used as a reference reactor model and based on the dynamics of AP-600, an Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor Dynamics and Intelligent Stochastic Optimization based Deterministic Neutronics Simulation (APD-ISO-DNS) Code is developed in the hybrid SIMULINK andLabVIEW environments. AP-600 reactor model is fine-tuned and adjusted for 300 MWe PWR (P-300) and 1070 MWe Advanced Chinese PWR (ACP-1000) using neutronics parameters and operational dynamic data of operating PWR nuclear power plants in Pakistan. Various load reduction transient experiments are conducted and dynamic transient simulations of P-300, AP-600 and ACP-1000 are evaluated in SIMULINK and in LabVIEW environments and found as per design basis.

FUZZY REGULATOR OF THE ROD SUPPLY SYSTEM OF ARDUINO-BASED CROSS-WEDGE ROLLING MILL IN LABVIEW ENVIRONMENT

The main purpose of scientific work is to develop a regulator based on fuzzy logic for an electronic control system for the supply of bar billets in automated cross-wedge rolling complexes.
 Cross-wedge rolling belongs to the advanced energy-saving technologies where technological processes based on metal cutting are replaced by economic processes of plastic forming of details. The analysis showed that coefficient increase of metal utilization requires loss decrease arising from the supply inaccuracy of the bar workpiece to the length of the part. The task is to reproduce the given law of motion of the actuator, i.e. to ensure maximum speed, smooth acceleration and braking with the possibility of a shockless stop at the end of the stroke. The solution of this problem is proposed to be carried out by entering the fuzzy control unit into the structure of the system for controlling the supply..
 The hardware basis of the control system in this work is the Arduino hardware and software complex based on the Atmel AVR microcontroller. The software model of the control system is developed in the graphical programming environment LabVIEW, which is widely used as a standard tool for data collection and control of devices in industry, education and research laboratories. The construction of a fuzzy regulator and its implementation are considered using Fuzzy Logic Designer.
 On the basis of systematized knowledge about the object of research, its characteristics and features, linguistic input and output variables were selected, as well as membership functions and a fuzzy production model of knowledge was formulated. The configuration of the control system depends on the number of controlled outputs and controlled input data and in this case the MISO information structure is applied. The paper presents the front panel of the virtual device developed by LabVIEW, which is designed to display information about the current state of the system. The purpose of the developed fuzzy regulator model is to output the value of the initial air pressure in the cavity of the actuating pneumatic cylinder, which will create an air cushion in the process of advancing the piston, which has properties similar to those of a normal spring. Smooth stopping of the piston is provided by the coordinated choice of rigidity of a pneumatic spring taking into account length of a detail and weight of a rod and allows us to reduce kinetic energy in an end point of positioning that increases accuracy of supply.
 The analysis of research results confirmed the efficiency and adequacy of the model used and the developed set of operation rules of the fuzzy regulator. Testing of the control system on parts of different lengths confirmed a reduction in total losses and an increase in the utilization of the metal.

Software implementation of the information model of the peripheral auditory system for assessing speech intelligibility

The paper considers the features of constructing an information model of the human peripheral auditory system in the LabVIEW software environment. A brief description of the adopted information model proposed for implementation in the software environment is given. Detailed explanations are described for each element of the model made in the LabVIEW environment. The main functionality of the user part of the program is presented. The work is, in fact, staged in nature and offers a sequence of further necessary studies of the developed model.

Photometric recorder of the carotid artery pulse wave with a system for stabilizing the clamping force

Preventive monitoring, which increases the possibility of diagnosing and curing a disease at an early stage, is interesting and relevant in medical diagnostics. Recently, both minimally invasive and non-invasive diagnostic techniques have become widespread. They include the areas of cardiographic, encephalographic and myographic analyzers designed to study the state of the heart, the brain and striated muscles. The study of the functioning of the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract is carried out using gastro-enterography methods. To obtain an integral assessment of the effectiveness of the circulatory system, the plethysmography method can be successfully applied, which allows modeling vascular tone and blood flow using models of hydrodynamics and the theory of elasticity. The present article analyzes the range of static (or dynamic) informative hemo-parameters that allow diagnosing at the initial stage arterial hypertension, aortic insufficiency or stenosis, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and some other diseases. The photometric reflex absorption in the infrared range, followed by an assessment of blood flow in the aortas and arteries with recording of the shape of pulse waves were used as methods in our research work. The result of the work is a method and a system of computer control of the rod current acting on biological tissues (using the Bluetooth protocol, LabView environment, virtual digital filters and biomedical data archives) that allows non-invasively recording of the parameters of the carotid artery pulse wave.

Switching Frequency Effects on the Efficiency and Harmonic Distortion in a Three-Phase Five-Level CHBMI Prototype with Multicarrier PWM Schemes: Experimental Analysis

The current climatic scenario requires the use of innovative solutions to increase the production of electricity from renewable energy sources. Multilevel Power Inverters are a promising solution to improve the penetration of renewable energy sources into the electrical grid. Moreover, the performance of MPIs is a function of the modulation strategy employed and of its features (modulation index and switching frequency). This paper presents an extended and experimental analysis of three-phase five-level Cascaded H-Bridges Multilevel Inverter performance in terms of efficiency and harmonic content considering several MC PWM modulation strategies. In detail, the CHBMI performance is analyzed by varying the modulation index and the switching frequency. For control purposes, the NI System On Module sbRIO-9651 control board, a dedicated FPGA-based control board for power electronics and drive applications programmable in the LabVIEW environment, is used. The paper describes the modulation strategies implementation, the test bench set-up, and the experimental investigations carried out. The results obtained in terms of Total Harmonic Distorsion (THD) and efficiency are analyzed, compared, and discussed.

An IoT based ECG system to diagnose cardiac pathologies for healthcare applications in smart cities

The present paper aims to describe the project and development of an ECG monitoring system which is able to diagnose specific cardiac pathologies by adapting the processing algorithm to the monitored patient. The system can work standalone by providing the final diagnosis to the patient by a LEDs set. In addition, an IoT based architecture allows the system to share data and diagnosis with a remote cardiologist in real-time or to store data in a FTP folder, as an Holter monitor, for post-processing and further analysis.The system consists of two sections: the digital one, based on the National Instruments MyRIO, digitalises the signal and processes it in real-time to make a diagnosis on possible occurring cardiac pathologies (bradycardia, tachycardia, infarction, ischemia); the analog section, which performs the acquisition, amplification, and preliminary filtering of a 3-leads electrocardiographic signal. The processing algorithm has been developed in NI LabVIEW environment. The main contribution to the state of the art is due to two removable and updatable memory devices. A first memory has been used to store clinical and personal data of patient so to configure the computing algorithm and adapt it to the monitored patient. A second memory has been used to store accuracy and uncertainty specifications of the ECG system in order to improve the reliability of the final diagnosis.The system aims to provide an electrocardiographic monitoring system for healthcare applications in the smart city context. The possibility to monitor constantly the patient health state at home is an important challenge of the next future smart cities. IoT and automation are the main aspects of the proposed system. Patients having chronic heart diseases need frequent hospitalizations to check their heart health. In this scenario, the proposed system is an Ambient Assisted Living solution developed to encourage the independent life of cardiac subjects by supporting his/her care and wellness during the daily life.

Implementation of a remote control and system monitoring via a Digital Twin on an industrial pilot plant

A PID (proportional–integral–derivative) control has been implemented in a digital environment for the safety improvement of a food processing pilot plant. The system developed allows for the remote monitoring of the process parameters and the remote control on both the physical layer and the virtual one. The control has been developed under a LabVIEW environment, by using data acquisition and signal generator modules. The test results showed the ease of application of the plant control, the correct collection of data in a local database and the potential for remote monitoring via desktop remote with secured login to avoid security issues.

Implementation of a mathematical model of the aortic bulb in the LabVIEW environment

Implementation of a mathematical model of the aortic bulb in the LabVIEW environment

Моделирование процесса выращивания полупроводниковых монокристаллов методом Чохральского

The work is devoted to the creation of a virtual instrument in the LabVIEW environment, which makes it possible to simulate the process of growing a crystal depending on technological parameters. As the technological process under consideration, we chose the method of growing single crystals by pulling them up from the spare surface of a large volume of the melt with initiation of the onset of crystallization by introducing a seed crystal (or several crystals) of a given structure and crystallographic orientation, which is in contact with the spare surface of the melt (Czochralski method). The virtual instrument is intended for use by students and teachers in full-time mode and in distance learning.

FPGA Design of a High- Resolution FIR Band-Pass Filter by Using LabVIEW Environment

Designers regularly use Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters to fulfil the need for current electronic design applications such as signal or image processing and digital communications because of the remarkable selectivity computational efficiency. Fast and efficient information processing requires a dedicated microprocessor or a digital signal processor that may not always be available or provide enough performance. In such scenarios, designers can configure FPGAs for processing digitized signals. One of the most popular signal processing applications is filtering. Unlike the Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters, FIR filters do not have analog equivalent circuits. For this purpose, continuous time-discrete time conversion is not possible with the help of transforms. Because analog filters cannot have a finite impulse response, the design methods of FIR filters can be made as windowing method, pulse response truncation, and optimal filter design method. Considering this information, it aims to digitally separate two signals with different frequencies (2.4 kHz and 4.2 kHz), which are given to the input as analog, to obtain the desired information signal and suppress other signals. We preferred to use LabVIEW graphical programming language to get the digital FIR filter coefficients. We selected rectangular windowing, set the digital filter's sampling frequency as 18720 Hz, and determined the filter's coefficient with high-frequency resolution as 24. Using filter coefficients in the real-time FPGA-VHDL environment, we showed the performance and resource consumption. LabVIEW is used for simulation as well as obtaining filter coefficients. In addition, we compared both simulation and real-time FPGA-VHDL application output waveforms and examined both platforms' advantages and disadvantages.

Intelligent transportation system of solar powered hybrid electric vehicles using pattern matching techniques in labview environment

Intelligent transportation system of solar powered hybrid electric vehicles using pattern matching techniques in labview environment

An improved automated PQD classification method for distributed generators with hybrid SVM-based approach using un-decimated wavelet transform

Artificial intelligence (AI) approaches are usually coupled with the wavelet transform (WT) for feature extraction to classify the power quality disturbances (PQDs). Therefore, selecting a useful WT-based signal processing approach is required for a reliable classification, especially in real-time applications. In this study, a new hybrid, un-decimated wavelet-transform (UWT)-based feature extraction method using a support vector machine (SVM) with a “á trous” algorithm is proposed to classify PQDs in distributed generators (DGs). The proposed method was performed in a real-time application of a DG system to classify PQDs. The derived features were tested on five different machine learning (ML) models by determining the most appropriate classification technique for the proposed UWT-based feature extraction method. An experimental DG system is constituted in the laboratory using a LabVIEW environment, and the proposed method is tested under different grid conditions. Besides, other well-known and studied conventional ML methods were also tested under 25 dB, 30 dB, and 40 dB noise and compared to the developed method. The experimental and simulation results show that the features extracted with the proposed UWT-based method provide much more successful results in classification than the existing wavelet methods in the literature. Furthermore, the proposed method's noise sensitivity performance is much better than other conventional wavelet algorithms, especially in real-time applications.

Design and Control of a PV-FC-BESS-Based Hybrid Renewable Energy System Working in LabVIEW Environment for Short/Long-Duration Irrigation Support in Remote Rural Areas for Paddy Fields

Design and Control of a PV-FC-BESS-Based Hybrid Renewable Energy System Working in LabVIEW Environment for Short/Long-Duration Irrigation Support in Remote Rural Areas for Paddy Fields

Study of Brain Radio Signals Using Bispectral Analysis

Using a special sensor (probe antenna-applicator), radio signals emitted by the human brain are recorded. The changes of different parameters are investigated while studying different physical and emotional states of people. The studies are carried out using spectral and bispectral analysis in the LabVIEW environment. It is shown that in a stressful state the bispectrum of the brain’s radio signal is significantly enriched, and many phase coupled spectral components appear. They undergo changes in their amplitude and frequency. The results of these studies may be useful for understanding the nature and identification of fast processes in the human brain.

A novel system-level modeling and design approach for high performance single-loop sigma-delta (∑Δ) modulators

PurposeThis paper attempted a novel approach for system-level modeling and simulation of sigma-delta modulator for low-frequency CMOS integrated analog to digital interfaces. Comparative analysis of various architectures topologies, circuit implementation techniques are described with analytical procedure for effective selection of topologies for targeted specifications.Design/methodology/approachVirtual instruments are presented in labview environment to analyze the correlation of circuit-level non-ideal effects with key design parameters over sampling ratio, coarse quantizer bits and loop filter order. A fourth-order single-loop sigma-delta modulator is designed and verified in MATLAB simulink environment with careful selection of integrator weights to meet stable desired performance.FindingsThe proposed designed achieved SNDR of 122 dB and 20 bit resolution satisfying high-resolution requirements of low-frequency biomedical signal processing applications. Even though the simulation performed at behavioral level, the results obtained are considered as accurate, by including all non-ideal and non-linear circuit errors in simulation process.Originality/valueVirtual instruments using labview environment used to analyze the correlation of circuit-level non-ideal effects with key design parameters over sampling ratio, coarse quantizer bits and loop filter order for accurate design.

Low Electron Temperature Plasma Diagnosis: Revisiting Langmuir Electrostatic Probes

This article describes a method of measurement of the current-to-probe voltage characteristic curve of a Langmuir electrostatic probe immersed in a plasma characterized by a low electron temperature that is only one order of magnitude higher than room temperature. These plasmas are widely used in industrial processes related to surface technology, polymers, cleaning, nanostructures, etc. The measurement method complies with the strict requirements to perform representative plasma diagnosis, particularly in the ion saturation zone when the probe is polarized much more negatively that the potential of the plasma bulk surrounding the probe and allows to diagnose the plasma very quickly and locally, making it possible to better monitor and control the plasma discharge uniformity and time drift. The requirements for the Langmuir probe design, the data acquisition and data treatment are thoroughly explained and their influence on the measurement method is also described. Subsequently, the article describes different diagnostic methods of the magnitudes that characterize the plasma, based on theoretical models of that characteristic curve. Each of these methods is applied to different zones of the measured characteristic curve, the obtained results being quite similar, which guarantees the quality of the measurements. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed. A series of measurements of the plasma density for different plasma conditions shows that the method is sensitive enough that the temperature of the ions needs to be taken into account in the data processing. Finally, a Virtual Instrument is included in the LabView environment that performs the diagnosis process with sufficient speed and precision, which allows the scientist to control the parameters that characterize the plasma to increase the quality and performance of the industrial processes in which the plasma diagnosis is to be used. The Virtual Instrument can be downloaded for free from a link that is included, in order to be easily adapted to the usual devices in a plasma laboratory.

The Evaluation of Expanded Uncertainty of DC Voltages in the Presence of Electromagnetic Interferences using the LabVIEW Environment

Abstract The paper presents a possible application of integrated LabVIEW environment to the final evaluation of measurement results in direct measurement. The possibilities of presenting and visualizing the uncertainty of measurement results in a convenient and user-friendly form are also discussed. The topics discussed in the paper were presented using a developed application in LabVIEW. The paper discusses the topic of measurement of direct voltages in the presence of strong electromagnetic interferences. These problems are frequently omitted or hardly emphasized. It presents a suitable measuring system, a virtual measuring instrument created in the LabVIEW environment, and the results of tests carried out for an example NI PCI-6221 data acquisition board. The described approach can be applied also in other measurement situations.