LabVIEW Environment Research Articles

THE SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION FOR AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF PETRI NETS

Context. The important task was solved during this scientific research related to specific development and verification of thefundamental suitability of the software application that provides visualization of the automatic synthesis of Petri nets while setting upthe multi-level control systems. This task is current because the for the first time the integration of means of discrete-continuous networksfrom the DC-Net environment in the Labview environment is realized through the implementation of automatic synthesis ofPetri nets. This makes it possible to automate the processes of synthesis for the control algorithms based on the development of appropriateintelligent systems. Objective. The purpose of the scientific work is to minimize the time and to automatize process in synthesis of the control algorithmsby integrating the means of discrete-continuous networks and implementing the principles of automatic synthesis of Petri nets. Method. This scientific article proposes the principle for automatic formation of Petri nets based on logical algorithm for classifyingvarious uncorrected algorithms. The multilayer neural network in the Labview 2009 software environment was implemented torealize the appropriate algorithm. This artificial neural network provides algorithm formation, automatic synthesis and operation ofPetri nets. The article is devoted to the study of operating principle of the software application implementing such automatic synthesisof Petri nets while setting up the multi-level control systems. Results. A number of experiments were performed on the classification of algorithms and formation of Petri nets based on theready-made software application. The control system was automatically set up based on the Labview 2009 environment applicationfor the determined object. As a result of these experiments we have determined the fundamental suitability of the software application for the synthesis ofsome multi-level automatic control systems. It was also shown during these experiments that all mismatch signals in the system anddeviations from the ratios of values controlled variables are reduced to zero. All parameters of the control systems settings werenoted after the multi-level system setting procedure on the front panel of the virtual stand. Conclusions. The task related to the software application development based on the Labview 2009 environment which providesthe automatic synthesis of Petri nets was solved in this scientific work. Thus the method of automatic synthesis of Petri nets andtechnology for developing certain algorithms based on the functioning of the artificial neural network was further developed.

Self-Calibrating Stress Measurement System Based on Multidirectional Barkhausen Noise Measurements

The system presented in this paper enables automatization of the two-dimensional calibration process (determination of Barkhausen noise (BN) intensity dependence on in-plane components of strain). Then, using dedicated software created by the authors in LabVIEW environment, and with the help of two dimensional calibration data one can effectively determine strain and stress distribution i.e. magnitude and orientation of main strain/stress components relative to measurement direction. BN signal measurements are performed using an advanced, multidirectional Barkhausen noise (BN) measuring sensor and a measurement system dedicated for cooperation with it. The system uses a robust algorithm for the strain components determination based on calibration surfaces, instead of usually applied curves, thus taking the influence of normal strain component directly into account instead of treating it as a correction factor (if not completely neglecting). The originality of the system arises also from the fact that this is the first BN measurement system that is self-calibrating (i.e. automatically loads the calibration sample in a pre-programmed way, performs BN signal measurements and calculates calibration planes), provided that the user possesses enough of the investigated material for calibration sample preparation.

Development of Small Modular Reactor iPWR Dynamics Simulator

Abstract In the energy transition era, nuclear power serves as a significant source of electricity with low emissions, contributing to approximately 10% of the world’s total electricity production. The advanced and distinct features of iPWR-type SMR in the field of nuclear power generation contribute to a greater safety margin. This opens up possibilities for extending the utilization of secure, environmentally friendly, and dependable nuclear energy across various energy sectors. Moreover, the public need to understand the technical performance of the iPWR. To improve understanding of iPWR’s technical performance, a simulator is developed. The simulator is developed to provide a comprehensive study of nuclear reactor transient behavior, to serve as an educational tool for students, and to demonstrate the safety features during accident scenarios. This article introduces a simulator that combines modules of neutronics, reactor thermal-hydraulics, and the NSSS. The simulator uses the design parameters of iPWR with a power capacity of 160 MWt that relies on natural convection. The proposed simulator was developed using LabVIEW software to perform the reactor dynamics calculations. Furthermore, hardware devices for controlling the simulator can be integrated to simulate the control room of an NPP. The calculation was based on the standard lumped parameter point kinetics and thermal-hydraulic equations. To simplify the process and reduce computational cost, several assumptions are incorporated into the equations, including one-group thermal neutron and constant gain thermal power. The simulator development yields preliminary data for reactor calculations, the graphical user interface (GUI) of the simulator, and the Virtual Instruments (VIs) comprising the reactor model. The reactor model comprises multiple components, each represented as a subVI within the LabVIEW environment. This simulator serves as an effective educational and dissemination tool for increasing public acceptance of NPP by providing insights into the behavior of the reactor and facilitating a better understanding of its operation, safety features, and potential benefits.

Experimental and numerical analyses on the modal behaviour of an aluminium alloy sheet

Abstract The study of modal behaviour for vehicle body panels represents a field of interest for automotive engineering, having a major influence on automotive comfort, with respect to vehicle noise, vibration and harshness, but also concerning the durability of vehicle body. The investigation of natural frequencies and vibration mode shapes is crucial in the design phase, because essential information can be obtained concerning the behaviour of the components in dynamic conditions. The current paper focuses on the investigation of vibration modes and frequency response function on an aluminium alloy sheet. The aim of the paper is to perform the study of modal behaviour both experimentally and theoretically, through measurements using the impact hammer method and respectively through finite element analysis. The CAD model of the aluminium alloy sheet has been developed in Catia V5 environment in view of elaborating the finite element model, which has been used for investigation of modal behaviour, taking into account the case of free vibrations. Through the modal finite element analysis performed in Ansys Workbench, the natural frequencies of the aluminium alloy sheet, as well as the corresponding mode shapes have been obtained. Experiments have been performed on an aluminium alloy sheet, mounted on an elastic support with low natural frequency. The impact hammer method has been used for obtaining the natural frequencies, through frequency analysis of accelerations measured with two piezoelectric accelerometers mounted on the aluminium alloy sheet. The frequency response function has been computed from the response acceleration measured on the aluminium alloy sheet and the impact force measured using the force transducer of the impact hammer. Virtual instruments have been developed in LabVIEW environment for data acquisition, time domain and frequency analysis, as well as for determining the frequency response function using the measured signals. The natural frequencies obtained from the finite element analyses have been compared to the results of measurements and very good similarities have been ascertained. The experimental investigation of modal behaviour contributed to the validation of the finite element model, but further research is required to investigate the possibilities of improving the modal behaviour of the aluminium alloy sheet.

IoT Enabled Real Time Low Cost Cardiac Monitor Using LabVIEW

The rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) and medical technology has paved the way for innovative healthcare solutions. The system incorporates IoT connectivity to enable remote monitoring, data collection, and analysis, enhancing patient care and medical decision making. Cardiac monitoring system used in hospitals to measure and record the cardiac parameters. Vital parameters are transferred within the hospitals either using Wi-Fi or Bluetooth. Range of transmission for such wireless communication is only effective within the hospitals and further transfer to a long distance is limited. The proposed cardiac monitoring system is developed using LabVIEW environment - a versatile Graphical User Interface (GUI). Data acquired through the electrodes are connected to my DAQ Unit (Data Acquisition Unit) which helps to integrate electrodes with computer or PC. Data acquired from the Software is connected to the firebase console and it will help the practitioners to share the data in live and updated. It offers benefits such as early detection of cardiac irregularities such as arrythmia, reduced hospitalization periods, and improved patient outcomes. Additionally, healthcare practitioners and caretakers can remotely access patient data, enabling timely interventions and personalized treatment plans. Since the cardiac monitors are often used by bedside patients, it may introduce bed sores in them. Hence, in addition to these parameters, body moisture level and temperature of the patient are measured using DHT11(temperature and humidity sensor) to ensure the prevention of bedsores. These additional parameters measured are also enabled to view through IoT.

Bond-Graph model based stepper motor output characteristics simulation implemented in LabVIEW environment

In the industry, simulations are of great importance. They enable measurements to be made in different conditions about a virtual device, which are highly comparable to measurements made in a real life scenarios. Because of their wide range of usage in lower power drive systems, where precision and simplicity is a must, the subject of study is a permanent magnet stepper motor. For precise positioning purposes, it is essential to know the positioning behaviour of these devices. The model construction process involved an intermediate step, which consisted of creating the Bond-Graph of the motor based on pre-defined models available in the literature in this field. In the next step, the Bond-Graph model was converted to a block diagram of the motor. This permitted the direct implementation of the motor model in LabVIEW visual programming environment. The preliminary steps allows us to check and confirm the functionality and correctness of the model. This article covers in detail the model conversion and implementation steps of the simulation. At the end, the functionality of the simulation was tested.

FPGA Implementation of a PV Generator and a Boost Converter Controllers for a Virtual Laboratory Environment

This paper presents an FPGA hardware implementation of two different components of a microgrid’s electrical systems. Small and isolated microgrids are currently a frequent solution for electricity coverage in remote areas, where detailed studies, simulations, and realistic emulations are required to design appropriate systems according to each location. Hardware implementations based on a Labview environment of 240 W and 330 W generic photovoltaic generators, a Boost converter, and P &O algorithm were performed. The results obtained from the panels and converter were compared to the Simulink response. Unified systems, with and without controls, were compared. The systems were first compiled individually on an FPGA NI PCIe 7841R and later unified. The data and performance obtained from the emulated environment were verified using Simulink models, and the desired correspondence was obtained.

Automated code development based on genetic programming in graphical programming language: A pilot study.

Continual technological advances associated with the recent automation revolution have tremendously increased the impact of computer technology in the industry. Software development and testing are time-consuming processes, and the current market faces a lack of specialized experts. Introducing automation to this field could, therefore, improve software engineers' common workflow and decrease the time to market. Even though many code-generating algorithms have been proposed in textual-based programming languages, to the best of the authors' knowledge, none of the studies deals with the implementation of such algorithms in graphical programming environments, especially LabVIEW. Due to this fact, the main goal of this study is to conduct a proof-of-concept for a requirement-based automated code-developing system within the graphical programming environment LabVIEW. The proposed framework was evaluated on four basic benchmark problems, encompassing a string model, a numeric model, a boolean model and a mixed-type problem model, which covers fundamental programming scenarios. In all tested cases, the algorithm demonstrated an ability to create satisfying functional and errorless solutions that met all user-defined requirements. Even though the generated programs were burdened with redundant objects and were much more complex compared to programmer-developed codes, this fact has no effect on the code's execution speed or accuracy. Based on the achieved results, we can conclude that this pilot study not only proved the feasibility and viability of the proposed concept, but also showed promising results in solving linear and binary programming tasks. Furthermore, the results revealed that with further research, this poorly explored field could become a powerful tool not only for application developers but also for non-programmers and low-skilled users.

Combined Experimental and Numerical Approach for the Thermal Heat Exchange Investigation of Li-Ion Cells for Automotive Applications

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is an advanced technology in the field of electrochemical energy storage, but its management constitutes one of the most intriguing challenges for electric vehicles. Many parameters need to be controlled and managed and many aspects need to be optimised. This work presents a methodology for laboratory characterization of Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) Lithium-Ion batteries suited for automotive applications. The purpose consists of obtaining a detailed description of the electrical and thermal behaviour of a single battery cell to provide an accurate model (static, dynamic, and thermal) that could ensure optimized real-time battery management by a management system for several battery packs. A battery testing system was built using a bidirectional power supply and a software/hardware interface was implemented within the National Instruments LabVIEW environment that monitors current, voltage and temperature sensors. This dedicated laboratory equipment can be used to apply and report charging/discharging cycles according to the user-defined load profile. A bidimensional CFD dynamic condition/transient simulation in the Ansys FLUENT environment was performed to study the heat thermal fluxes generated by a determined current value in the battery cells, and the results have been compared to the experimental data for validation.

EEG Signal Analysis for Monitoring Concentration of Operators

Often, operators of machines, including unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) or working machines, are forced to work in unfavourable conditions, e.g. high temperatures continuously for a long period of time. This has a huge impact on their concentration, which usually determines the success of many tasks entrusted to them. Electroencephalography (EEG) allows the study of the electrical activity of the brain. It allows determining, for example, whether the operator is able to focus on the realization of his tasks. The main goal of the article was to develop an algorithm for determining the state of brain activity by analysing the EEG signal. For this purpose, methods of EEG signal acquisition were described, basic types of brain waves were discussed, and exemplary states of brain activity were recorded. Particular attention was paid to technical aspects related to signal analysis. The LabVIEW environment was used to implement the created algorithm. The results of the research showing the operation of the developed EEG signal analyser were also presented.

EEG Signal Analysis for Monitoring Concentration of Operators

Often, operators of machines, including unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) or working machines, are forced to work in unfavourable conditions, e.g. high temperatures continuously for a long period of time. This has a huge impact on their concentration, which usually determines the success of many tasks entrusted to them. Electroencephalography (EEG) allows the study of the electrical activity of the brain. It allows determining, for example, whether the operator is able to focus on the realization of his tasks. The main goal of the article was to develop an algorithm for determining the state of brain activity by analysing the EEG signal. For this purpose, methods of EEG signal acquisition were described, basic types of brain waves were discussed, and exemplary states of brain activity were recorded. Particular attention was paid to technical aspects related to signal analysis. The LabVIEW environment was used to implement the created algorithm. The results of the research showing the operation of the developed EEG signal analyser were also presented.

EEG Signal Analysis for Monitoring Concentration of Operators

Often, operators of machines, including unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) or working machines, are forced to work in unfavourable conditions, e.g. high temperatures continuously for a long period of time. This has a huge impact on their concentration, which usually determines the success of many tasks entrusted to them. Electroencephalography (EEG) allows the study of the electrical activity of the brain. It allows determining, for example, whether the operator is able to focus on the realization of his tasks. The main goal of the article was to develop an algorithm for determining the state of brain activity by analysing the EEG signal. For this purpose, methods of EEG signal acquisition were described, basic types of brain waves were discussed, and exemplary states of brain activity were recorded. Particular attention was paid to technical aspects related to signal analysis. The LabVIEW environment was used to implement the created algorithm. The results of the research showing the operation of the developed EEG signal analyser were also presented.

Design and development of OCR software for remote measurement and calibration

The advent of digital technology has led to significant changes in work processes in many organizations and industries worldwide including Thailand. This work aims to apply digital technology to improve measurement and metrology in terms of accuracy, productivity, and variability. We developed machine vision software for monitoring and collecting digital data from measurement systems. The application of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology in metrology is the first step toward digitalization, enabling enterprises to improve their measurement processes by automating data collection, analysis, and management. Moreover, it can be integrated with machine learning algorithms to enhance the automation of complex measurement tasks. To achieve this goal, an OCR software for data recording was designed in the LabVIEW environment. The image captured by the camera is processed by the LabVIEW OCR system which is trained continuously until it can recognize characters consistently and accurately. This software has been tested with the calibration systems which has a seven-segment digital format. The result shows that the software can acquire and transmit the instrument reading with reliable and exceptional accuracy. In addition, it can also reduce the steps and time required for measurement. In conclusion, the application of OCR technology can improve the efficiency, productivity, and accuracy of measurement. It also has a promising potential to enable remote measurement and calibration according to ISO/IEC 17025 possible.

MODEL FOR CALCULATION OF THE ENERGY POTENTIAL OF A SATELLITE RADIO LINK WITH ACCOUNT OF THE TRAJECTORY

A model of satellite communication channel taking into account the trajectory, specifically developed for low Earth orbit satellite constellations, is presented. Low and high orbits have different advantages and limitations. To efficiently utilize resources in low Earth orbit satellites, it is necessary to forecast changes in the energy potential and adapt the parameters of satellite modems. For this purpose, there are such programs as Computer-Aided Design (CAD) "Albatross" for evaluating the dynamics of resource changes. However, a realtime model has been developed for the operational management of modems, allowing the construction of temporal diagrams depicting changes in the energy potential of communication channels. The development of such models can be performed in the LabVIEW environment, a software developed by National Instruments for creating virtual instruments (VIs). The development process includes considering the motion of the satellite in a user-defined orbit, taking into account various parameters. SubVIs are used to simplify program creation, improve code readability and enable element reuse. To construct one orbit the number of iterations in the loop is calculated, which is the rounded value of the orbital rotation period divided by the time difference between the calculated sub-satellite points. The smaller the value of the time difference is, the more accurate the trajectory will be. Constructing a trajectory with a larger number of revolutions requires more time. For performing the energy calculation, the antenna pattern (AP) is calculated, and a satellite trajectory is constructed with the cross-section of the antenna pattern on Earth. The developed model allows evaluation of the satellite trajectory for a given number of revolutions around the Earth and conducting energy potential calculations for a specified location of the Earth station. The results can be used for building algorithms for adaptive control of parameters in satellite radio links.

An efficient monitoring system for industrial automation using Zigbee technique

This paper presents a proposal for a wireless Zigbee-based controlling and monitoring system for industrial automation system. The benefit of this work is to replace the wires connected between the devices and the controlling part for economical but more secure data communication because wired communication costs more or is impossible due to various physical conditions. A module of the proposed system has been designed and implemented. It is composed of several components such as Arduino, fire sensor, gas sensor, light sensor, motion sensor, door sensor, 3 LED, 2 micro servos, and 2 XBee modules, all working on ZigBee Technology. The control system has been programmed and a user interface is created on the PC using the LABVIEW environment for the visualization of applications. The wireless monitoring system for industrial automation based on Zigbee protocol is achieved and tested successfully. The results showed that the system developed an efficient mechanism to control and monitor the basic parameters for any industrial automation system with improved reliability, low power consumption, and cost at exceptional capability and highly flexible configuration.

Design and simulation of a greenhouse in a computational environment (ANSYS/FLUENT) and an automatic control system in a LABVIEW environment

Greenhouses have been used to increase agricultural production. With the development of technology, they can now be automated. Many studies have been done on the automatic control of their microclimate, from intelligent control systems to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analyses, with the main purpose of optimal control of the microclimate and at the same time saving energy. This research concerns the process of modeling, design, and simulation of an automatic control system in greenhouses. More specifically, a virtual greenhouse (digital twin) is designed, and in it, the natural phenomena that take place in a real greenhouse are simulated. The program used for the simulations is Ansys FLUENT, suitable for CFD analyses. A branch of artificial intelligence, fuzzy logic, which is a method of replicating human thinking was utilized. To find the optimal control system, four fuzzy controllers were tested, and the optimal control system that the simulations indicated was implemented on an Arduino board using the LabVIEW program. The control was done at the temperature inside the greenhouse, with real weather data from a real greenhouse.

Labview and Remotexy Integration for Quadrotor Stabilization and Control

Abstract Nowadays, Small quadcopters have made significant advancements in recent years, thanks to the development of control systems, the availability of sensors, and affordable and reliable materials for their production. Additionally, programs have been developed to model and analyze these aircraft before production. The professional applications of quadcopters are seemingly endless due to their many advantages. The aim of this research is to build a quadcopter and test its stability utilizing Arduino Mega, IMU sensor (Inertial Measurement Unit) and MPU-6050 in LabVIEW environment. The objective is to select the suitable PID parameters and create a remote-control program that can be operated using a smartphone and RemoteXY app on Android OS.

PROGRAM FOR DETERMINING THE INFORMATIVE PARAMETERS OF SURFACE ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC SIGNALS

The article analyzes and calculates informative parameters of surface electromyographic signals (sEMS), which can be used to control biotechnical systems, as well as to diagnose the state of the musculoskeletal system. The analysis parameters in the time and frequency-time domains of the signal are considered. A program has been developed for calculating the informative indicators of the signal in the indicated areas. The program is implemented in the LabVIEW environment. To analyze the sEMG signal in the time domain, using the developed program, such indicators as Integral EMG, Average amplitude change, Wavelength, Simple quadratic integral, Absolute value of the 3rd time moment, and others were calculated; and to describe the signal spectrum by methods of time-frequency analysis, the average frequency of the spectrum (mean power frequency-MPF), the median frequency of the spectrum (median Frequency-MF), root mean square (RMS), power density spectrum (PDS), half width - the width of the spectrum at half maximum amplitude (HW). To test the program, files of real sEMQ signals were used. The calculated parameters of the sEMG analysis in the time and frequency-time domains make it possible to non-invasively and objectively assess the state of the musculoskeletal system. Keywords: Surface electromyographic signals, biotechnical systems, time-frequency analysis, Labvıew software.

A Smart Simple Virtual Instrument for Measuring the Electrical Signal

Real-time measurement, especially in analyzing the electrical waveform, is necessary to explore physical phenomena. Virtual instrumentations have been studied for various applications such as water existence, characterization and modeling of electrical impedance, and electrical resistivity. This research presents software, a Graphical User Interface (GUI) was programmed in a LabVIEW environment that has been implemented to monitor and analyze the square wave. A pulse generator generated an electrical signal. The alteration of the current and potential wave presented in the measurement is used to determine resistivity. Additionally, the GUI can be proposed to investigate the electrical properties of materials in the subsurface using the electrical method.

Image encryption application and security analysis based on current modulated edge-emitting semiconductor lasers with pulse packages embedded in the microcontroller

This paper investigates the dynamical characteristics of current-modulated edge-emitting semiconductor lasers (CMEESLs) and their image encryption application. The associated dynamical characteristic of the CMEESL is divulged in the two-dimensional coordinate space of the system parameters by altering the modulation’s frequency and amplitude. The CMEESL divulges cyclical pulse packages preceded by cyclic-doubling cascade follow by complex pulse packages when the modulation current density frequency is limited below 1 GHz. The microcontroller implementation of the CMEESL is realized and its results find agreement compared with the numerical dynamics of the CMEESL. The chaotic equations describing CMEESL are first modeled in the LabVIEW program and random number generation (RNG) is performed. The obtained random numbers are subjected to the NIST 800–22 statistical standard package, proving its worth to be employed for encryption applications. Employing the random numbers gotten, the LabVIEW environment is used in encrypting the image. The encrypted image is subjected to histogram, correlation, number of pixel change rates (NPCR) - unified average changing intensity (UACI), and entropy analyses. The reliability of the method is proven by the success achieved in the encryption process.