Labor Management Research Articles

Comparison of induction of labor versus conservative management in premature rupture of membranes on fetal outcome

Comparison of induction of labor versus conservative management in premature rupture of membranes on fetal outcome

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AMNIOTOMY, PROVIDER TYPE AND CAESAREAN SECTION IN A UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTRE

An active management of labour protocol that includes amniotomy has been widely promoted as a means of reducing a rising Caesarean section rate. However, evidence does not consistently demonstrate the effectiveness of amniotomy in promoting vaginal birth. This study explores the relationship of amniotomy, and the time at which amniotomy is performed, with the mode of delivery in term primiparous women admitted in active labour to a university teaching hospital. The study also explores several variations in practice between faculty-supervised resident physicians, community physicians and hospital-based nurse-midwives that the authors believe may confound the study findings. Selection criteria were designed to eliminate study bias. Records of 258 women delivering between January 2000 and December 2002, that met the selection criteria, were reviewed. Findings suggest that women receiving amniotomy are more likely to deliver via Caesarean section. Results also demonstrate that women ruptured prior to three centimeters are at higher risk of Caesarean. A comparison of records of cases attended by midwives and physicians suggests several significant differences in labour management including decreased use of amniotomy and amniotomy later in labour. These differences between medical and midwifery management may provide insights into interventions leading to promotion of vaginal delivery.

Application of JIT on Materials and Labor Management of Construction Site

Application of JIT on Materials and Labor Management of Construction Site

Asthma Management and Prevention in Pregnancy, Labour and Birth

Asthma is one of the most common medical disorders among pregnant women and the prevalence of asthma has been increasing due to rising obesity rates and an increase in urban pollutants. Numerous physiological, lifestyle and environmental factors influence the course of asthma in pregnancy. Management of asthma in pregnancy includes education, monitoring and treatment. Under-treated or poorly controlled asthma poses the biggest risk to mother and baby. Midwives in particular have a role to play in asthma prevention by educating women about the importance of the links between medication, maternal nutrition in pregnancy and the potential risk of future asthma in the child.

A case study on the site supervisory attributes in construction labour management, performance assessment and productivity measurement practices

Purpose The sustainability of the construction industry is associated with the productivity, profitability and competitiveness of the firms, which are significantly affected by inefficient site supervision and labour management approaches. This study aims to use a case study with mixed methods to evaluate the site supervisory characteristics in labour management, labour performance assessment and labour productivity measurement towards developing meaningful guidelines in polishing construction supervision attributes. Design/methodology/approach Well-developed modern apprenticeship elements were applied to 62 construction supervisors who were selected using the snowball sampling method, and their relevant competency characteristics were assessed using a comprehensively developed grading mechanism connected with useful training manuals/tools. Academic reviews, experts’ consultations and other meticulous mixed approaches were applied at different stages of the research plan’s sequential layout. Findings The mean performance scores of supervisors indicate proficient-level grades in the competency characteristics related to applying efficient labour management procedures and developing-level grades in designing productivity measurement tools, performing assessments on efficiency and productivity and proposing enhancement practices on efficiency and productivity for site operations. The findings point to a modern generalised guideline that establishes the ranges of supervisory attributes within the scope of the study. The validity, reliability, adaptability and generalisability of the findings were assured by using pertinent statistical tests and professional assessments. Research limitations/implications Though the study’s conclusions/findings are primarily applicable to the construction environment of a developing country comparable to the Sri Lankan context, they will considerably impact current/future industrial practices in various other countries and emerging industries. Originality/value The research has produced a conceptualised modern tool that guides determining the capacity levels of supervisory attributes for carrying out labour management, labour performance assessment and labour productivity measurement aspects in construction. The research has opened a pump that inflows new values of highly workable supervision features for strengthening the site management structures and filling the industry’s knowledge vacuum in the methodical execution of apprenticeships.

NEED FOR HUMAN RESOURCE SOFTWARE IN ORGANIZATIONS

Considering how quickly technology is changing in today's world, businesses must modify their HR procedures to satisfy the needs of the digital era. This paper examines how technology breakthroughs have affected the role that HR professionals play, highlighting new developments and the difficulties they provide. The report evaluates the competency levels of HR specialists in technology-based businesses using empirical research, highlighting the need for reliable HR software solutions for effectively tackling the challenges of contemporary labor management. . Keywords— Human Resource Management System, HR Software, Workforce Management, HR Challenges, Recruitment Software, Human Resource Technology.

Buccal versus Vaginal Misoprostol Combined with a Foley Catheter among Individuals with Obesity Undergoing Induction.

Combining pharmacologic agents with mechanical ripening achieves the shortest labor duration, yet there is no clear evidence on route of drug administration in obese individuals. The use of buccal misoprostol has shown greater patient acceptance but remains understudied. Our objective was to evaluate the difference in time to delivery of buccal compared with vaginal misoprostol in combination with a Foley catheter (FC) for induction of labor (IOL) in the obese population. This was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing identical dosages (25 μg) of buccal and vaginal misoprostol in combination with a FC. The parent trial was an institutional review board-approved, randomized clinical trial conducted from June 2019 through January 2020. Labor management was standardized among participants. Women undergoing IOL at ≥37 weeks with a singleton gestation and cervical dilation ≤2 cm were included. Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) was stratified. The primary outcome was time to delivery. A total of 215 participants were included. Demographic characteristics were similar between the three groups. Vaginal drug administration achieved a faster median time to delivery than the buccal route among patients with a body mass index greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2 (vaginal misoprostol-FC: 21.3 hours vs. buccal misoprostol-FC: 25.2 hours, p = 0.006). There was no difference in the cesarean delivery rate between the two groups. Furthermore, patients with a BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2 receiving vaginal misoprostol delivered 1.2 times faster than women who received buccal misoprostol after censoring for cesarean delivery and adjusting for parity (hazard ratio: 1.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.1-1.7). There were no significant differences in maternal and neonatal outcomes. We found that vaginal misoprostol was superior to buccal misoprostol when combined with a FC among individuals with a BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2. Vaginal misoprostol should be the preferred route of drug administration for term IOL in this population. · Vaginal misoprostol was superior to buccal route among patients with obesity.. · There was no difference in the cesarean delivery rate between the two groups.. · Vaginal misoprostol should be the preferred route of administration among patients with obesity..

Stillbirth mortality by Robson ten-group classification system: A cross-sectional registry of 80 663 births from 16 hospital in sub-Saharan Africa.

To assess stillbirth mortality by Robson ten-group classification and the usefulness of this approach for understanding trends. Cross-sectional study. Prospectively collected perinatal e-registry data from 16 hospitals in Benin, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda. All women aged 13-49 years who gave birth to a live or stillborn baby weighting >1000 g between July 2021 and December 2022. We compared stillbirth risk by Robson ten-group classification, and across countries, and calculated proportional contributions to mortality. Stillbirth mortality, defined as antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths. We included 80 663 babies born to 78 085 women; 3107 were stillborn. Stillbirth mortality by country were: 7.3% (Benin), 1.9% (Malawi), 1.6% (Tanzania) and 4.9% (Uganda). The largest contributor to stillbirths was Robson group 10 (preterm birth, 28.2%) followed by Robson group 3 (multipara with cephalic term singleton in spontaneous labour, 25.0%). The risk of dying was highest in births complicated by malpresentations, such as nullipara breech (11.0%), multipara breech (16.7%) and transverse/oblique lie (17.9%). Our findings indicate that group 10 (preterm birth) and group 3 (multipara with cephalic term singleton in spontaneous labour) each contribute to a quarter of stillbirth mortality. High mortality risk was observed in births complicated by malpresentation, such as transverse lie or breech. The high mortality share of group 3 is unexpected, demanding case-by-case investigation. The high mortality rate observed for Robson groups 6-10 hints for a need to intensify actions to improve labour management, and the categorisation may support the regular review of labour progress.

Enhanced Labor Management: Implementing WHO Recommendations in Oyo State Nursing Practice

Introduction: An increase in the incidence of Urinary tract infections due to Candida species has been observed. The higher rate of Candiduria due to Non albicans Candida is now being reported than due to Candida albicans.The emergence of drug resistance in Candida species has complicated the patient management. Aim: to observe the prevalence of Candida species in UTIs and their antifungal susceptibility pattern in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted fora period of three months in NIMS, Jaipur. Symptomatic patients belonging to all age groups were included in the study. Catheterized or clean catch midstream urine were centrifuged and the sediment was plated on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar slants with and without Chloramphenicol. A wet mount preparation was also made and looked for the presence of pus cells, yeast cells, pseudohyphae, etc. Yeast were identified by using germ tube, Chromogenic agar, chlamydospore formation and carbohydrate assimilation tests. Antifungalsusceptibility testing was performed on Muller Hinton Methylene Blue Agar. Result: The Candida species were isolated in only 24 (4.8%) samples. Only 8 cases yielded Candida albicans(33.33%). The highest cases were found to be of Candida tropicalis (n=14) while remaining two cases has growth of Candida krusai (n=1) and Candida glabrata (n=1). Keywords: WHO guidelines, labor management, and patient care & outcomes.

The Impact of the Advances in Labour and Risk Management (ALARM) Course on Learners’ Perceptions of their Own and Others’ Professions

Background: Simulation-based training in emergencies is beneficial for all professionals who work in obstetrics. However, managing obstetric emergencies requires both technical and non-technical skills such as teamwork. Interprofessional education (IPE) offers an effective strategy for learning competencies in collaboration and teamwork. The Advances in Labour and Risk Management (ALARM) course offers a platform for simulated training in obstetric emergencies and has been offered for learners in maternity care at our university for the past five years. Objective: The aim of the project was to explore the impact of interprofessional learning during the ALARM course on the attitudes and perceptions of learners in maternity care. Methods: A two-part questionnaire was administered to midwifery students and to family medicine and obstetric residents before and after the ALARM course. The questionnaire incorporated the Interdisciplinary Educational Perception Scale (IEPS) and open-ended qualitative responses. Results: Despite openness to and awareness of the importance of collaboration for patient care demonstrated in the qualitative analysis, there was a statistically significant difference between learners’ pre- and post-ALARM IEPS scores, indicating more negative perceptions of IPE following the intervention. Conclusion: Learners in maternity care are aware of the need for collaboration in practice. More explicit attention to teamwork and collaboration as a component of the ALARM course would promote development of both technical skills and nontechnical collaborative competencies. This article has been peer reviewed.

Management, Utilization, and Outcomes of Preterm Labor in an Integrated Health Care System.

Fetal fibronectin (fFN) testing and transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) are diagnostic tools used to predict impending spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) among women presenting with preterm labor (PTL). We evaluated the association between fFN testing or TVUS cervical length (CL) measurement in predicting sPTB, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, and sPTB-related costs. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Kaiser Permanente Southern California electronic health system (January 1, 2009-December 31, 2020) using diagnostic and procedure codes, along with a natural language processing algorithm to identify pregnancies with PTL evaluations. PTL evaluation was defined as having fFN and/or TVUS assessment. Outcomes were ascertained using diagnostic, procedural, and diagnosis-related group codes. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the association between fFN and/or TVUS results and perinatal outcomes. Compared with those without PTL evaluations, those with positive fFN tests had higher adjusted odds ratio (adj.OR) for sPTB (2.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.64, 3.29), RDS (2.34, 95% CI: 2.03, 2.69), and NICU admission (2.24, 95% CI: 2.01, 2.50). In contrast, those who tested negative had lower odds for sPTB (adj.OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.79), RDS (adj.OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.73), and NICU admission (adj.OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.79). Among those with positive fFN results, the odds of sPTB was inversely associated with CL. Health care costs for mothers and neonates were lowest for those with fFN testing only. This study demonstrates that positive fFN results were associated with an increased odds of sPTB, RDS, and NICU admission and the association with sPTB was inversely proportional to CL. Additionally, negative fFN results were associated with decreased odds of sPTB, RDS, and NICU admissions. fFN testing may predict these and other sPTB-related adverse outcomes hence its utility should be explored further. Moreover, fFN testing has some cost savings over TVUS. · Patients with positive fFN tests had higher odds of sPTB, RDS, and NICU admission.. · Inverse relationship between sPTB and CL among those with positive fFN tests was observed.. · Health care costs for mothers and neonates were lowest for those with fFN testing only..

Adverse maternal outcomes and associated factors among mothers of advanced age delivering at a tertiary hospital, southwestern Uganda: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundMothers of advanced age, defined as pregnant women aged ≥ 35 years at the time of giving birth, are traditionally known to be associated with increased risks of adverse maternal outcomes. We determined the prevalence of adverse maternal outcomes and associated factors among mothers of advanced age who delivered at Kabale Regional Referral Hospital (KRRH), in Southwestern Uganda.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study at the Maternity Ward of KRRH from April to September 2023. We consecutively enrolled pregnant women aged ≥ 35 years during their immediate post-delivery period and before discharge. We obtained data on their socio-demographic, obstetric, medical characteristics and their maternal outcomes using interviewer-administered questionnaires. We defined adverse maternal outcome as any complication sustained by the mother that was related to pregnancy, delivery and immediate post-partum events (obstructed labour, antepartum haemorrhage, mode of delivery [cesarean or vacuum extraction], postpartum haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm or postdate pregnancy, anemia, premature rupture of membranes, multiple pregnancy, and maternal death). A participant was considered to have an adverse outcome if they experienced any one of these complications. We identified factors associated with adverse outcomes using modified Poisson regression.ResultsOut of 417 participants, most were aged 35–37 years (n = 206; 49.4%), and had parity ≥ 5 (65.5%). The prevalence of adverse maternal outcomes was 37.6% (n = 157, 95%CI: 33.1–42.4%). Common adverse maternal outcomes included caesarian delivery (23%), and obstructed labour (14.4%). Other complications included anemia in pregnancy (4.5%), chorioamnionitis (4.1%), preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (3.9%), and chronic hypertension and preeclampsia (both 2.4%). Factors associated with adverse maternal outcomes were precipitate labour (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.95, 95%CI: 1.44–2.65), prolonged labour, lasting > 12 h (aPR = 2.86, 95%CI: 1.48–3.16), and chronic hypertension (aPR = 2.01, 95%CI: 1.34–3.9).ConclusionApproximately two-fifth of the advanced-aged mothers surveyed had adverse outcomes. Mothers with prolonged labour, precipitate labour and chronic hypertension were more likely to experience adverse outcomes. We recommend implementation of targeted interventions, emphasizing proper management of labor as well as close monitoring of hypertensive mothers, and those with precipitate or prolonged labor, to mitigate risks of adverse outcomes within this study population.

283 Identification of new or existing risk factors associated with the development of sow pelvic organ prolapse

Abstract A survey was conducted between March and December of 2022 to examine the variation between farms that had high and low pelvic organ prolapse (POP) rate. The objective was to identify new or existing risk factors associated with the development of POP, which could open new avenues for further investigation. Sow farms (n = 53) across 26 production systems located in the US, Canada, and Mexico were used. Sampling of farms was not random. High and low POP systems were selected within each region as well as high and low POP farms within each system. Over 800 variables related to general farm information and management, performance traits, reproductive management, replacement gilt management, gestation and farrowing practices, labor and health management, and nutrition were collected during farm visits. To be included in the analysis, at least 70% of observations were needed for continuous variables with at least 10% of observation for each category for categorical variables. Univariable models were fitted to identify variables associated with annualized POP rate for 2021. Variables with P ≤ 0.10 were selected for further analysis, with 94 predictor variables selected for principal components analysis (PCA). A factor analysis of mixed data was conducted, and results were then fitted into a hierarchical clustering on PCA, which segregated the data into three clusters: 2 with low POP (2.5%) and 1 with high POP (6.1%) prevalence (low vs high P < 0.05). The resulting clusters explained 33.7% of the variability in annualized 2021 POP rate. Differences between clusters were evaluated by Kruskall-Wallis test for numerical variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. High POP cluster farms had greater total piglets born over the years, greater number of sows per worker, greater annual gestation feed usage, and a lower mean body condition score at 16 wk of gestation compared with low POP cluster farms. High POP cluster farms had a decreased proportion of farms using conventional artificial insemination, a greater proportion of farms utilizing cup waterers in gestation for sows in group housing and in farrowing, and greater proportion of farms with a routine sleeving practice. High POP cluster farms compared with low POP cluster farms had greater gestation distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) inclusion level (14.6% vs 4.0%, SE 3.02), greater levels of standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) P% (0.49% vs 0.39%, SE 0.014), narrower analyzed Ca to STTD P ratio (1.7 vs 2.2, SE 0.06), and lower phytase inclusion and release (0.16% vs 0.09%, SE 0.014). These variables were also the predictors with the greatest R2 values in the univariable models. These observations suggest further research is needed to evaluate the connection between dietary Ca and P and pelvic organ prolapse.

Knowledge and factors associated with active management of the third stage of labor in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Implementing active management in the third stage of labor has significantly reduced the incidence of PPH. Thus, understanding the level of healthcare providers' knowledge of active management in the third stage of labor can inform guidelines, policies, and practices for effectively preventing PPH. This review aimed to assess the level of healthcare providers' knowledge and associated factors of active management in the third stage of labor in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a search using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and the African Journals online international databases. The inclusion criteria were determined before the review of the articles and adhere to the criteria of population, intervention, comparison, and outcome. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA data analysis software version 14, while Microsoft Excel was utilized for data abstraction. We checked publication bias using a funnel plot and Egger and Begg regression tests. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant, suggesting the presence of presence publication bias. The I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity between studies. The study's overall effect was evaluated using the random effects model. The study included 20 studies to conduct a pooled prevalence analysis. The overall prevalence of healthcare providers' knowledge of active management of third-stage labor in sub-Saharan Africa was 47.975% (95% CI: 32.585, 63.365). Having pre- and in-service training (AOR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.00, 5.08), having a higher degree (AOR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.39, 2.82), and having good practices (AOR: 8.91, 95% CI: 4.58, 17.40) were significantly associated with healthcare provider's knowledge regarding active management third stage of labor. The overall healthcare providers' knowledge of active management of the third stage of labor (AMTSL) was low in sub-Saharan Africa. Obstetric healthcare providers should undertake comprehensive training covering all AMTSL components through pre- and in-service diploma training programs.

The Impact on Birth Outcomes of Sonographic Fetal Weight Estimation in Neonatal Macrosomia.

Our objective was to examine the association between sonographic estimated fetal weight (EFW) and obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in women with neonatal macrosomia. This study, conducted at a tertiary university-affiliated hospital from 2017 to 2021, compared obstetrical and neonatal outcomes between two groups of women who delivered macrosomic newborns (actual birthweight ≥ 4,000 g): (1) those with EFW ≥ 3,800 g (suspected impending macrosomia) and (2) those with EFW < 3,800 g (unsuspected impending macrosomia). During the study period, 854 women with neonatal macrosomia attempted vaginal delivery. Only 9.2% had a sonographic EFW ≥ 4,000 g. Among women with EFW ≥ 3,800 g (n = 317) compared with EFW < 3,800 g (n = 537), the cesarean delivery (CD) rate was higher (17.0 vs. 10.5%, p = 0.004) and the operative delivery rate was lower (3.2 vs. 0.6%, p = 0.015). Among primiparous women, the CD rate was higher among those with EFW ≥ 3,800 versus <3,800 g (37.3 vs. 23.2%, p = 0.033). EFW ≥3,800 g was associated with CD, regardless of predelivery body mass index, parity, diabetes mellitus, maximal fetal weight at previous deliveries, actual birthweight, and labor induction (p = 0.014). EFW ≥ 3,800 g and diabetes mellitus were independent predictors of CD. Among women with EFW ≥3,800 g and diabetes mellitus, the risk of CD was double that of those without diabetes and with EFW ≥ 3,800 g (31.4% vs. 15.2%, p = 0.02), although their actual birthweights were similar. Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes were similar between those with sonographic EFW ≥ 3,800 and < 3,800 g. Larger EFW increased CD risk among pregnancies with actual neonatal macrosomia. Antenatally suspected macrosomia might alter labor management due to concerns for potential complications, especially when associated with primiparity, diabetes mellitus, or maternal obesity. The increase in the CD rate did not show an association with improved maternal and neonatal outcomes. · Antenatally suspected macrosomia might alter labor management due to concerns about complications.. · Larger EFW increased cesarean delivery risk among pregnancies with actual neonatal macrosomia.. · The increase in the cesarean delivery rate was not associated with improved outcomes..

6299887 Epidural management in labour: cognitive aids for novice anaesthetists

6299887 Epidural management in labour: cognitive aids for novice anaesthetists

6300110 Equity in pain management in labour: a service evaluation

6300110 Equity in pain management in labour: a service evaluation

Firm leverage and employee pay: The moderating role of CEO leadership style

We investigate how a CEO's leadership style moderates the relationship between leverage and average employee pay. We first show that the relationship between leverage and average employee pay is negative, consistent with the leverage disciplinary hypothesis. Next, we examine how CEO leadership style moderates this negative effect. We find that CEOs with more charisma reduce the disciplinary effect of leverage. The humane CEOs of companies with more debt sharpen the disciplinary effect by paying their employees less for increased risk of job loss that comes with high leverage. An important policy implication is that CEO leadership style can influence the outcome of labor management negotiations regarding employee pay.

Advancing the labour rights of migrant workers beyond Kafala: the impact of ‘established-outsider relations’ on reforming Qatar’s transnational labour management system

In the years following Qatar’s successful 2010 bid to host the FIFA World Cup 2022, there has been a significant shift in its engagement with the migrant labour rights discourse, and subsequent embarkment on significant reforms as the result of intense international scrutiny and advocacy action. The core feature of Qatar’s historically evolved transnational labour management system, Kafala, has become a key focal point of international advocacy efforts. The objective of this article is to assess the extent to which the reforms constitute a break in Qatar’s historical (that is, pre-FIFA 2022) labour management system, and thus a meaningful disruption to the social reproduction regime that allowed the Kafala system to persist. We do so by probing the institutionalisation of those reforms, with a particular focus on the agency of labour through collective worker empowerment. Drawing on interviews with key transnational actors involved in the reform process in situ, we employ the ‘established-outsider’ relations concept in our analysis of the reforms, while highlighting the remaining challenges. Our ultimate argument is that although the reforms in Qatar seek to provide more labour rights and protections, they fall short of loosening the absolute control of sponsors (kafeels) over their employees. This is due to two main reasons: the absence of strong and effective institutions to convert the legal reforms into rights in practice; and the fact that laws outside of the labour ministry, that fall under the jurisdiction of the interior ministry, are the foundation of the relationship between citizens and migrants and remain largely untouched. These double-edged limitations guarantee the social reproduction of the highly unequal labour mobility system by firmly keeping in place ‘established-outsider’ relations.

Tocolytic effectiveness of nifedipine in management of preterm labor: A tertiary center experience

Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of nifedipine use in our clinic for treatment of preterm labor with diferent effacement degrees, and to compare our results with the literature. Methods: 440 singleton pregnant women with intact amnionic membrane pregnant women in their 23 and 36 weeks were retrospectively evaluated. Because of different criterias defining preterm labor in the literature, patients were divided into two groups as 4 or over contractions in 20 minutes and cervical opening at 2 cm and/or above and/or effachment at 80% or above (Group A, n=230) and 4 or over contractions in 20 minutes and cervical opening below 2 min and effechment below 80% (Group B, n=210). Descriptive statistics were conducted using chi-square and Mann Whitney U test, and statistically significance was p &lt;0.05. Results: Demographics, reproductive history and pregnancy weeks of the groups were similar. The average time between the start of tocolysis and the birth was 4 times higer in Group B (0.1-99.2, mean 28.4) than that of Group A (0.1-78.9, mean 7.4 days, p&lt;0.001). Delay after tocoloysis at days 1 to 7 was statistically remarkable in Group B (p&lt;0.001, for each). Preterm labor resulting in early birth was more remarkable in Group A in both before 34 weeks and 37 weeks (p&lt;0.001, for each; n=88, 38.3% vs n=36, 17.1% and n=171, 74.3% vs n=98, 46.7%, respectively and n=269/124, 28.2 vs 61.1%). Delay with nifedipine at day 1 (87.5%), day 2 (79.1%), day 3 (74.8%) and day 7 (65.5%) was also compatable with the literature. Conclusions: Nifedipine is an effective tocolytic agent in preterm labor regardless of the effachment degree.