Laboratory Stands Research Articles

STEM EDUCATION IN PHYSICS: DEVELOPMENT OF A LABORATORY STAND FOCUSED ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MINI-PROJECTS

Currently, new technologies are widely used in the context of the development of the information society, secondary and higher education. The use of digital tools, STEM resources, 3D modeling programs and 3D printing equipment, laboratory stands made with their own hands has been widely used in the educational process. All these conditions are aimed at preparing future specialists to meet the requirements of the XXI century. Physics as a fundamental science is one of the fundamental disciplines in the field of STEM. Therefore, the use of STEM elements in teaching physics has a huge impact on the development of the activities of future specialists in the engineering and technical field. Especially STEM products and laboratory stands, developed by students in conjunction with the teacher's guidance, increase the effectiveness of the educational process. This will make it possible to create creative products and thereby develop the scientific and technical industry of the country. The purpose of this study is to implement physics education in universities on the basis of interdisciplinary connections through mini-projects and the development of educational and research stands and to determine the features of their implementation in the educational process. The research used methods of systematic analysis of articles published in highly rated journals, 3D modeling and printing methods, as well as constructive research methods. In addition, qualitative research methods were used in the pedagogical process. The results of the study showed that the development of laboratory stands for the implementation of mini-projects, thereby developing the creativity of students, is of great importance. It became known that students are actively involved in engineering, are interested in this area and increase their knowledge level when performing mini-projects. The results of the study will allow new areas of research to appear in the future, improve the methodology of teaching physics at universities, combine knowledge with science and industry.

Concept and Implementation of Measurement Systems for Stationary and Remote Testing of Sensors for Electrical and Non-Electrical Quantities.

In intelligent transportation, various types of sensors are used both in traffic control systems as well as in the control, safety, and entertainment systems of the vehicles themselves. In the process of educating future designers and developers of such systems, it is necessary to familiarize them with the operation and parameters of sensors. The recent years of the COVID-19 pandemic have disturbed this process due to the need to conduct classes remotely. This article presents the general concept of a laboratory stand for testing sensors of electrical and non-electrical quantities, which can be used both in stationary and remote learning. Additionally, the practical implementation of two laboratory stands for testing current and linear displacement sensors was also presented. Both stands have been tested in the remote access mode. The tests showed some shortcomings in the management software but also confirmed the correctness of the adopted concept of their implementation.

Development of information measurement system for experimental research of induction motors

. In order to increase the level of practical training of students, an urgent task is the development of laboratory stands, which will allow, together with the study of the principle of operation of sensors (temperature, lighting, humidity, etc.), to acquire practical skills in their connection, programming of microcontrollers and digital data processing. An electronic device using an AVR microcontroller was chosen as the basic element of the measuring system. which consists of software and hardware parts. The software part of the platform is a free software shell that includes a text editor adapted for writing programming code in the C++ language (Wiring), a compiler, and a set of hardware programming tools. The device supports all modern operating systems such as Linux, MacOS and Windows. The hardware part of the platform is a printed circuit board based on a microcontroller, which contains a programmer, a voltage regulator, signaling LEDs, and a USB / mini USB connector for connecting to a PC. Conducting experimental studies using such stands will allow students, along with the direct measurement of physical AD values ​​with the help of various sensors, to gain additional experience in the peculiarities of working with microcontrollers

ОПЫТНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ АЭРО- И ГИДРАВЛИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМ ПРЯМОТОЧНОГО КОТЛА НА ЛАБОРАТОРНОМ СТЕНДЕ ПУТЕМ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ АВТОМАТИЧЕСКОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ УСТРОЙСТВАМИ И СБОРА ДАННЫХ

Few laboratory stands can simulate the operation of direct-flow boilers. The processes occurring therein are complex both hydraulically and thermophysically. A study of the fluid dynamics of the coolant in a cylindrical composite coil shows that it is possible to influence boiler performance. The movement of air through coils is also of interest for the intensification of the heat exchange process in direct-flow steam boilers. Modern automation devices can make allow for readings to be tak-en of the coolant and air with high accuracy. They cal also transfer experimental values to a personal computer for data storage and subsequent analysis. The article presents the results of the design and assembly of a laboratory stand, designed for experimental research of aero- and hydraulic systems of a direct-flow boiler using automatic device control and data collection. The results of modeling and experimental data are presented herein.

СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРОВАННЫЕ ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ СТЕНДЫ КАК МОДЕЛИ НЕФТЕХИМИЧЕСКОГО ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ ДЛЯ ПРАКТИКООРИЕНТИРОВАННОЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ

The article provides arguments in favor of the introduction of modern information technologies in the organization of production, in particular, in the field of training specialists in higher educational institutions based on modern laboratories, in which laboratory facilities are "digital twins" of real enterprises. Specialized laboratories that act as digital twins of real production facilities are ready-made solutions for conducting a laboratory workshop in the training of specialists in the field of industrial automation. They include laboratory stands, specialized software, additional devices for research activities. That is, the equipment of laboratories is often focused on specific tasks. Direct demonstration of the work of real automation tools increases the interest of students in obtaining new relevant knowledge, leads to an increase in students' competence in the field of design, installation and maintenance of modern automatic process control systems. The description of laboratory complexes is given, with a description of their functionality. The APCS laboratory, opened at KNRTU together with Yokogawa in 2011, includes: a classroom with instrumentation; training class of control computing systems; a classroom with installations simulating heat metering units for liquid and gaseous products; training class for computer simulation systems of chemical-technological processes; research laboratory. The equipment of the laboratory allows for the training of specialists with a focus on a specific industrial enterprise and a well-defined technological process, advanced training for workers in the oil and gas processing industry, and retraining of specialists servicing heat transfer metering systems. The availability of powerful software makes it possible to carry out work on optimizing technological processes in terms of energy saving and reducing production costs. When training specialists, specialized laboratories as digital twins of technological processes can provide indispensable basic knowledge for further successful work in real conditions. The significance of the APCS laboratory lies in the training of practice-oriented specialists with a high level of professional knowledge. These laboratory complex can be further upgraded for specific production tasks.

A study of the properties and efficacy of microparticles based on P(3HB) and P(3HB/3HV) loaded with herbicides

AbstractThe wide use of pesticides in agriculture has caused uncontrolled distribution of these chemicals in the environment, calling for the development and investigation of new environmentally friendly formulations, which would reduce human impact on nature. In the present study, the metribuzin (MET), tribenuron‐methyl (TBM), and fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl (FPE) herbicides were encapsulated in microparticles of degradable microbial polymers – polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) – of two types – poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] and poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate [P(3HB/3HV)]. The use of P(3HB) resulted in higher yields of microparticles (63% to 79%) and larger sizes of the particles, whose average diameter was 0.60 ± 0.06–0.75 ± 0.11 μm, while the average diameter of copolymer particles varied between 0.43 ± 0.12 and 0.55 ± 0.05 μm. Encapsulation efficiency was rather determined by the type of herbicide and its solubility, varying from 24.7% to 48.2%. In vitro herbicide release from microparticles to water was affected by herbicide solubility and PHA chemical composition. The readily soluble MET showed the highest release rate, and over 30 days, 64% and 78% of the encapsulated amounts were released from P(3HB) and P(3HB/3HV) microparticles, respectively. High herbicidal activity of microparticles loaded with metribuzin and tribenuron‐methyl was demonstrated in the laboratory stands of the Elsholtzia ciliata weed plant.

Modeling of welding arc power supply diagrams in Matlab / Simulink

Purpose. Creation of virtual blocks and simulation laboratory stands for the study and comprehensive research of the dynamic properties of welding power supplies. Methodology. Review of literary sources on the subject, simulation modeling of electromagnetic processes in the MATLAB software environment, comparative analysis of obtained and available data. Findings. The comparative analysis of means of modeling of power sources of a welding arc is executed. One of the main parameters by which the environments were compared is functionality. Among the considered simulators, Simulink of the MATLAB software environment is the most effective one in the considered systems modeling. Using special features, its user can not only simulate, but also analyze the operation of the over time installation. Mathematical and functional models of welding arc power supplies were built using SimPowerSystems elements and blocks from the Simulink library with the involvement of the MATLAB system itself, which significantly expands the possibilities for such systems modeling. Mathematization of certain processes to some extent shows the level of reliability of the results and the degree of their scientific development. The developed models act as a laboratory, which allows you to set and explore any modes and characteristics. Numerical experiments and comparative analysis of numerical and field experiments are given. Experimental verification of the obtained results on specific examples showed the relevance of the problem and the correctness of its solution. Further research is related to the expansion of the range of simulated power sources of the electric arc, a comprehensive study of their dynamic properties and basic characteristics, experimental verification of the developed models, as well as comparative analysis and development of recommendations for model improvement. Originality. The method of circuit modeling of general-purpose electrical and electronic circuits was further developed by extending it to a new class of objects - the power supply system of electrical installations. Practical value. Construction of mathematical and functional models of complex systems with the involvement of MATLAB allows to take into account their main features, significantly expands the possibilities for modeling, study and research of power supplies. Based on the proposed approach, simulation laboratory stands of specific power supplies were developed and built, which allow to set and study any modes and characteristics.

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ОБЛАСТЕЙ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ СТЕНДА ПО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЮ СИСТЕМ ВИДЕОНАБЛЮДЕНИЯ

The paper presents the results of determining the areas of application of a laboratory stand designed for studying and researching CCTV systems. The necessity of research of video cameras of the security alarm system, their testing at the organization of production and expediency of carrying out laboratory works by students of higher education institutions studying security systems is shown. The state of affairs in this area in post-Soviet countries is shown. Some requirements of the State educational standard on informativeness and expansion of opportunities of laboratory stands are given. The input parameters necessary for the design of video camera research stands are considered. The results of the study of the developed laboratory stand for the study and study of security television systems and the definition of areas for its application are presented. The structure of the stand and its parts is proposed. Developed recommendations for its use are given. The experience of conducting laboratory work on the study of the characteristics of security alarm cameras is analyzed. The possibility of studying robust filtering on the noise immunity of the video system, the influence of the illumination spectrum on the main qualitative characteristics of the video camera using the proposed stand is shown. A list of suggested to run the stand includes laboratory work “Studying the parameters, operation modes and configuration of video surveillance system NOVUS”, “the Study of possibilities of various types of cameras when changing the light and characterization of the sensitivity of various types of cameras, Definition of focal length, angle of view and resolution of different types of cameras and lenses, Definition of the working area of observation, the far and the dead zone for various types of cameras and lenses”, "Determination of conditionally dead zones for different recording speeds of the DVR and at different focal lengths” and" Determination of the volume and quality of recorded information from the value of the recording speed of the DVR”, as well as research works “The signal processing with variable spectrum”, “the Influence of robust filtering for noise immunity video”, “Influence of illumination spectrum on the main qualitative characteristics of the camera” and “Comparative performance of analog and digital cameras.”

DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF THE AUTOMATED LABORATORY STAND BASED ON THE PROTOTYPE OF THE INDUSTRIAL ROBOT «SCARA»

Experimental development and manufacture of a SCARA-robot prototype for further use in laboratory stands is underway. The description of the experimental prototype, the control principle and the analysis of the results are given.

Experience of Students in Developing Laboratory Stands within the Framework of Project Based Learning

Experience of Students in Developing Laboratory Stands within the Framework of Project Based Learning

METHOD OF MEASURING POWER CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRIC RECEIVERS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE EDUCATIONAL BUILDING OF SUMY STATE UNIVERSITY

Commercial means of automatic control system of electricity metering, as is known, are installed on the input switchgear and measure the power consumption of all electrical consumers of this metering facility. Such data do not give a complete picture of electricity consumption on each floor of the metering facility, which in turn does not allow the implementation of energy saving measures. Also, these metering systems for electricity metering have a high cost. The article proposes a method of data processing and transmission to the server with their subsequent analysis of power consumption on each floor of the object under study using the ARDUINO microcontroller. Such an accounting system has a lower cost than an automatic control system of electricity metering industrial production. The article presents the scheme of implementation and types of current and voltage sensors. The topology of the measuring complex is also considered in the article. Such a topology can expand and keep not only the general account of a concrete floor, but also in the generality of each educational audience separately. Collecting such data on electricity consumption, it is possible to conduct a qualitative analysis of rational electricity consumption in the educational process, it means that for example in sufficient natural light artificial lighting in the classroom does not need to be used, or after laboratory tasks in a computer class, computers there is still some time. The introduction of energy-saving housing is performed due to the comparative characteristics of the power of gadgets, laboratory stands, etc. with the number of students in the group in accordance with the approved educational process. The algorithm of data processing, analysis of rational use of electric energy and comparative characteristics are implemented on the university server.

POSSIBILITIES OF USING MULTIMEDIAL ENERGY SOFTWARE IN THE FORMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CULTURE AND EDUCATION IN STUDENTS

The article explores the role and didactic possibilities of teaching alternative energy, alternative energy sources and devices, their use in the national economy, the concept of alternative energy in the educational process using multimedia, multimedia products, multimedia technologies and multimedia tools. The analysis of the didactic possibilities of using multimedia software teaching aids, electronic textbooks, virtual laboratory stands, 3D animations and training simulators in the content of the pedagogical basis for the formation of competencies in environmental culture and education of students.

Complex of virtual works on Thermodynamics. Section «Processes of ideal gases and humid air»

Two virtual laboratory works are presented in the developed complex: “Measurement of the heat capacity of air” and “Processes in moist air” performed in the Excel 2010 spreadsheet. The works are devoted to the study of processes in ideal gases, in particular in humid air, and are virtual analogues of physical work, on existing stands in the laboratory of technical thermodynamics of the Department of Theoretical Foundations of Heat Engineering MPEI, corresponding to the bachelor’s program in the disciplines “Thermodynamics” and “Technical Thermodynamics”. The presented material is intended to be included in the educational process in case of repair of existing laboratory stands, as well as for distance learning of students

Numerical Modelling of Plate Load Tests on Unsaturated Silt Loams in Laboratory Stands

The paper summarizes the results of the numerical modelling of plate load tests on unsaturated silt loams in laboratory conditions using two different constitutive models and different software packages. The first part of the paper presents laboratory measurements on large specimens of compacted unsaturated silt loams with a constant degree of saturation during the experiments. It comments on the issues of the classical interpretations of static plate load tests including the influence zone theory and further issues with calibration of numerical models using the parameters gained from the classical approach. The second part of the paper dedicated to the problems of numerical modelling of these soils presents results of the Cam-Clay constitutive model modified for capturing the influence of the moisture content implemented in the SIFEL software package and results of the Hypoplastic constitutive model for clays implemented in the GEO 5 software package. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and drawbacks of both constitutive models in details and comments on the possible issues when using them for more topologically complex tasks.

Modern laboratory – modern education: radical re-equipment of the educational laboratory of the "Electrical apparatus" department of the NTU "KhPI"

The urgent need for radical modernization of the educational laboratories of the electrical engineering Departments of higher educational institutions of Ukraine is noted with the purpose of improving the quality of the educational process to a level that meets the modern world requirements. The main ways of solving this task are outlined: to obtain grants from European funds that promote the development of education and research, as well as sponsorship of production and commercial enterprises of Ukraine. The experience of the Department of Electrical Apparatus of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" illustrates the opportunities and ways of receiving support in the specified directions. Details of the conditions, procedure and phases of obtaining in 2016 the grant of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany) for the amount of 20,000 Euro for the purchase of equipment for the Department are described. A partial list of the main equipment purchased at the expense of the grant (modern electrical apparatus produced by the leading European companies, modern measuring equipment, one of the first 3D printer at the NTU "KhPI", as well as modern computer, microprocessor and multimedia equipment) is provided. Also a partial list of equipment and equipment and apparatus received in the form of sponsorship aids from a number of electrical engineering companies of Ukraine, with which the Department cooperates is presented. The proposed and already largely implemented concept of re-equipment of the educational laboratory of the Department with the use of mobile laboratory stands, in the process of development and production of which students were directly involved in the execution of their Bachelor and Master Diploma Theses is presented in detail. Over 15 new laboratory works have been developed, and this process will continue in the future. All the information in the paper is accompanied by the relevant illustrative material. A more detailed description of some of the developed and implemented in the educational process laboratory work is presented in the following papers of this collection of scientific works. In order to further improve the quality of the educational process to the world level, the staff of the Department is preparing applications for financial support for other international cooperation programs, as well as fruitful cooperation with a number of Ukrainian electrical engineering companies continues.

Development of a course for training in modern cloud technologies

Purpose of the study.The aim of the study is to create a course on modern cloud technologies based on the openstack cloud virtualization platform.The popularity of the openstack platform makes it the main platform for building cloud technologies in many large Russian and international companies in various business areas.In the process of developing the course, the goal was to adhere to the principles of open education.Development of the course was motivated by the growing popularity of cloud technologies in most IT companies and demand for qualified specialists in this field.Materials and methods.Analytical reports in the field of modern trends in the development of cloud technologies, materials on current trends in hiring employees by industry, as well as official documentation on projects, used in the course are selected as the main materials for the study.During the development and implementation of the project, the following pedagogical techniques were used:acquisition of new knowledge based on pre-existing one;teamwork and demonstration of communication skills; making educational hypotheses to resolve problematic situations;planning to achieve the goal (getting results);private methods of students’ learning activities (detailing the tasks, initial conditions and the course of the study).Results.As a result of the study, the necessity of creating an educational course for students was substantiated, and a special course was developed for teaching the openstack cloud virtualization platform, which includes the necessary materials (presentations, lectures, seminars, as well as a platform and laboratory stands for students with access via the Internet).A special course web page was created where potential students have the opportunity to familiarize themselves with the description and basic components of the course, send a request for participation, and also get access to the materials (after confirmation of the participant by the administrator).Every year, the developed materials, the platform and laboratory stands are updated due to the release of new versions of openstack, adding new functionality and updating business needs.Conclusion.In conclusion, a decision was formulated on the advisability of creating a special course for students and specialists. The developed course was tested in leading higher educational institutions of the country, and is a convenient tool for both students and companies, interested in qualified personnel in the field of cloud technologies.The special course was tested on students of the Faculties of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, the Faculty ofMechanics and Mathematics of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Innopolis University and Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics.According to the results of the special course, students were selected for internships and practical training, which confirmed the effectiveness of the developed course.

Approbation of results of researches for the development of injection technology of creation of anti-filtering screen

Formulation of the problem. This article contains information on the conduct of experimental studies on the approbation and study of injection technology for creating an anti-filtration screen. In Ukraine, at the sites of disposal of radiation and other wastes, the issue of protecting underground space in places with a deep layer of the waterproof layer is urgent. Classical methods can`t fully solve such problems. In the previous studies on laboratory stands, the main quality indicators and characteristics of the screens were determined. Also, various technological compositions were worked out. In this paper, it is necessary to test the technology in conditions as close to real as possible. To study such indicators as radius of distribution of the dissolver in the ground environment, the time of hardening of the composition, and also the coefficient of filtration, which characterizes the anti-filtration properties of the screen. Goal. The purpose of this study is the development of the developed technology and its validation in conditions of full-scale experiment, which is as close as possible to real ground conditions. It is also of interest to study the technological parameters of injection and the quality of the screen. Conclusion. As a result of testing and full-scale experiments, the technology was developed and the technological parameters of the injection process were obtained. The real radius of solution propagation in the given ground conditions is determined, so the qualitative characteristics of the screen are investigated, which in future will allow to carry out the work on the introduction of technology in the production.

Nonlinear vibrations of elastic beam with piezoelectric actuators

This paper presents theoretical and experimental investigations into nonlinear flexural vibrations of a structure composed of a host beam with piezoelectric ceramic actuators symmetrically bonded to its top and bottom surfaces. The composite beam is supported at its ends to completely restrain axial displacements or to impose the displacement of one or both ends. Applying voltage to piezoelectric actuators one creates prestress which can stabilize the structure when the external compressive force appears. The analytical model for describing flexural vibration of a beam under both the external load and piezoelectric actuation is based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam. The piezo material exhibits linear piezoelectricity with constitutive equations including electromechanical coupling. Due to geometrical nonlinearity, the solution to the problem has been obtained by using the Lindstedt-Poincare perturbation method. The main results concern the effect of the residual piezo force on the non-linear vibration frequency of the structure. In the experimental part of the study two laboratory stands have been designed and built for three and five segmented beams to find out and prove the effect of the electric field on the residual force and the natural frequency of both systems. Very good agreement between theoretical and experimental results has been observed.

Results of Investigating the Scuffing in Spiroid Gears

Статья посвящена вопросу оценки заедания в спироидных передачах. Описаны требования для проведения исследования задиростойкости спироидного зацепления на физической модели. На основе факторного анализа определен безразмерный критерий заедания, характеризующий взаимосвязь между факторами, оказывающими влияние на процесс заедание в спироидном зацеплении. Предложенный критерий учитывает две основные группы факторов: температуру в контакте и несущую способность масляной пленки. Далее на основе анализа существующих узлов трения, применяемых для испытаний на задиростойкость, обоснован выбор физической модели спироидного зацепления. Приведены результаты исследований, проведенных на лабораторном стенде, выполненном на основе схемы узла трения «диск - ролик». Приведены результаты испытаний на физической модели, а именно зависимости коэффициента трения в спироидном зацеплении от удельной нагрузки для сочетания материалов звеньев пары «сталь - бронза» и «сталь - сталь» для интервала скоростей скольжения и температур. Выявлены закономерности поведения звеньев пары трения с сочетанием материалов «сталь - бронза» и «сталь - сталь» при удельной нагрузке до 400 %, скорости скольжения до 205 % от номинальной в интервале температур от 40 до 100 °С.

Phenomena and degradation mechanisms in the surface layer of die inserts used in the hot forging processes

Abstract The paper presents the results of studies on the analysis of the destructive mechanisms for die inserts used in the first operation of wheel forging process, and the results of laboratory tests obtained on specially constructed research position for testing thermal fatigue and abrasive wear. The results of investigations on the die inserts shown that the dominant destructive mechanisms for these tools are thermal fatigue occurring in the initial the exploitation stage and abrasive wear, which occurs later, and is intensified effects of thermo-mechanical fatigue and oxidation. The observed mechanisms resulting from the extreme conditions prevailing in the hot forging process and are caused by cyclic changes in thermal and mechanical loads. In order to better analysis and knowledge of phenomena associated with these mechanisms, the authors built a special research positions allow for a more complete analysis of each of the mechanisms separately under laboratory conditions, which correspond to the industrial forging processes. A comprehensive analysis of the inserts confirmed by tests on laboratory stands, showed the interaction between the thermal fatigue and abrasive wear, combined with the process of oxidation. The results showed that the thermal fatigue and destruction as a result of oxidation, very often occur together with the mechanism of abrasive wear, creating a synergy effect, causing the acceleration, the most visible and “easily measurable” processes abrasive wear.