Labor Expertise Research Articles

Analisis Peran Pelatihan Kerja Oleh Unit Pelaksana Teknis Daerah Latihan Kerja Provinsi NTT Terhadap Peningkatan Produktivitas Peserta Pasca Pelatihan

qualified labor is an important factor in achieving economic development of a region. To improve the quality of the workforce, job training is needed that can provide job skills for the workforce. This study aims to explain the benefits of job training for improving the quality of the workforce based on the policies and programs of the NTT Provincial work training UPTD and explain the productivity of graduate participants after attending job training. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach, by conducting structured interviews to informants and instructors UPTD work training, and also graduates from job training. The results showed that job training is very beneficial for improving the quality of the workforce through the empowerment of Labor expertise in order to have skills, attitudes, and knowledge about the world of work. Many of the job training graduates have been successful in their efforts and are able to absorb other workers, but not infrequently job training graduates who fail to achieve productivity due to not being serious when attending job training, lack of availability of business capital, and lack of readiness to compete in the world of work. In order for job training graduates to achieve their productivity, supervision is needed by the Uptd of work training and also financial assistance from local governments for the effectiveness of training activities and the provision of business capital to support the efforts of job training graduates.

The scientific conceptions of disability in the Soviet state in the 1930s

The article analyzes development of scientific conceptions of disability in works of Soviet researchers during the period of forced construction of socialism. The materials of the dissertation abstract of employee of the North Caucasian Scientific and Research Institute of Labor Organization and Protection (1933), as well as publications of staff of the Leningrad Scientific and Research Institute of Medical and Labor Expertise and Professional Consultation (1935-1940) were explored. The positions of various authors concerning priority of medical examination in the process of disability expertise are considered. The article reveals ideas of "active employment" of the disabled, the organization of conditions for full-value functioning of the disabled capable of working in society, various employment opportunities for the disabled, including appeal to creative activity, causes of ineffective involvement of particular categories and groups of the disabled with various diseases into social and labor life. The conclusion is presented that ideas of scientists were not largely in demand in the 1930s, but became the basis of policy of employment of the disabled during the Great Patriotic War, significantly passing ahead of their time.

Barriers, facilitators and needs for self-direction in return-to-work: a multi-perspective study

Abstract Background Long-term sickness absence is not only an organizational, but also a societal public health problem. Many sick-listed workers experience challenges in self-directing their return-to-work (RTW), where RTW is considered as a gradual process in which work hours and tasks are gradually increased. This view of RTW as a process is common in several European countries, such as The Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Self-direction in RTW can reduce long-term sickness absence. The aim of this study is to provide a multi-perspective view on the experiences and needs regarding workers’ self-direction in RTW. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with (previously) sick-listed workers (n = 7) and focus groups with occupational physicians and labour experts (n = 10), case managers and job coaches (n = 6) and organizational representatives (n = 8). The interviews and focus groups were recorded, transcribed and coded thematically by two independent researchers. Preliminary results All stakeholders considered (self-directing) RTW as a learning process. Barriers to self-direct RTW were lack of sufficient support from employers and involved RTW professionals, lack of knowledge about the RTW process and responsibilities among both workers and their supervisors, and employers complying with legal requirements rather than applying a person-centered approach. Workers and the involved professionals emphasized the need to gain insight into long-term employability perspectives and scenarios to maintain work. Conclusions This qualitative study shows that there is a need for knowledge among workers and person centered support in RTW. The findings can be used in policy and practice to improve self-direction of sick-listed workers during RTW. Key messages • (Self-directing) RTW is a learning process for sick-listed workers. • Sick-listed workers need knowledge and person-centered support from employers and professionals to self-direct RTW.

Process evaluation of a comprehensive approach to reintegration of disability benefit recipients with multiple problems (CARm) into the labour market

Purpose As the effect evaluation of our randomized controlled trial the “Comprehensive Approach of Reintegration for clients with Multiple problems” (CARm) showed no superior effect on re-integration into paid employment of the clients when compared with clients of the care as usual, we conducted this process evaluation to gain insight into whether the intervention was conducted according to protocol. Methods Using questionnaires on recruitment, reach, dose delivered, dose received, fidelity, context, and satisfaction we collected data from 40 labour experts of the Public Employment Service of the Dutch Social Security Institute, and from 166 disability benefit recipients dealing with multiple problems. Results Only few of the labour experts provided the key elements of the intervention to their clients. Between the clients of both groups were no significant differences in the dose received. More than half of the labour experts of the intervention group reported organizational changes. Conclusion The lack of effect of the CARm intervention was almost certainly caused by implementation failure. Once again this study showed the importance of involving all stakeholders in developing and the conduct of the intervention, and of clarifying the consequences for the organization, to ensure that it can be conducted according to protocol.

Binary Integer Formulations for Task Allocation and Optimal Labor Cost in Small and Medium Apparel Manufacturing

In small apparel manufacturing, unit price determination is often based on production duration given by customers and design complexity rather than information relating to internal labor resources. However, labor expertise and skills are critical factors that outweigh the machinery and technology in small and medium apparel companies. The quality of the product greatly depends on the experience and delicacy of the tailors. Using data on labor skill and wage levels in the planning process will benefit human resource utilization, increasing productivity, and profits effectively. This paper proposes a general mathematical model for task allocation and cost optimization for small and medium apparel companies. The model handles task allocation and cost minimization problems that must ensure processing time requirements and balance workloads for operators. The developed model tests two case studies in a published paper. The results prove that although the proposed model is simple, it has high applicability and efficiency in solving allocation optimization problems. The authors then integrate the formulations into a Standalone desktop app in the MATLAB “App designer” module. With a standalone desktop app, end users can enjoy the application. This app has a user-friendly design. Users unfamiliar with computers or planners with no background in programming can use the app to tackle similar optimization problems. The proposed mathematical model can further expand to include more complex issues in apparel companies and can also be a good reference for other fields.

Development and implementation of work-oriented clinical care to empower patients with kidney disease: an adapted intervention mapping approach

BackgroundMany people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have problems to stay at work. Patients and health care professionals (HCPs) see the potential benefit of work-oriented clinical care, yet this care is not manifested in current practice. The aim of this study was to develop and implement a program called work-oriented clinical care for kidney patients (WORK) to support sustainable work participation.MethodsAn adapted version of Intervention Mapping (AIM) was used for the systematic development of work-oriented care in a hospital. Based on the needs of patients and (occupational) health professionals, and in close cooperation with both, a theoretical and empirically based program was developed. Feasibility and clinical utility were assessed among patients with CKD, HCPs and hospital managers. To increase the chances of successful implementation we focused on determinants related to the innovation, the users, the organization (hospital), and socio-political context.ResultsWe developed, implemented, and pilot-tested WORK, an innovative program consisting of a care pathway in the hospital that targets patients with work-related questions and tailors the support they receive to their needs. Several practical tools were developed and an internal and external referral structure with a focus on work was implemented. A labor expert was deployed to the hospital to support patients and HCPs with simple work-related questions. The feasibility and clinical utility of WORK were rated positively.ConclusionsThis work-oriented clinical care program provides HCPs in the hospital with the necessary tools to support patients with CKD in dealing with work challenges. HCPs can discuss work with patients at an early stage and support them in anticipating work-related challenges. HCPs can also bridge the gap to more specialized help if necessary. WORK has the potential for wider application in other departments and hospitals. So far, the implementation of the WORK program was successful, though structural implementation may be challenging.

Labor Expertise and Causal Link in Health/Work Related Illness: Document Analysis of Court Decisions

Labor Expertise and Causal Link in Health/Work Related Illness: Document Analysis of Court Decisions

Development of the core of an ICF-based instrument for the assessment of work capacity and guidance in return to work of employees on sick leave: a multidisciplinary modified Delphi study

BackgroundSeveral occupational health disciplines are involved in return to work guidance, implying that good interdisciplinary collaboration is important. A shared conceptual framework and a common language for the assessment of work capacity and guidance in return to work is expected to be at the benefit of appropriate and sustainable employability of sick employees. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) can be considered a shared conceptual framework and is also promising in terms of a common language. The purpose of the current study is to reach multidisciplinary consensus among occupational health professionals on the content of an ICF-based instrument for the assessment of work capacity and guidance in return to work.MethodsTo obtain multidisciplinary consensus we conducted a modified Delphi study among twelve occupational health experts, including four occupational physicians, four insurance physicians and four labour experts. The study included two e-mail rounds and two virtual meetings. In the consecutive rounds the experts assessed ICF items as well as a list of non-ICF-based work-related environmental factors on their relevance for the assessment of the work capacity and guidance in return to work together with their interpretability.ResultsThe four consecutive Delphi rounds resulted in 20 items that are minimally needed for the assessment of the work capacity and return to work possibilities of employees on sick leave. The final list included six items on personal functioning, seven items on social functioning and seven items on physical functioning.ConclusionsThis set of items forms the core of an ICF-based instrument, which is expected to facilitate interdisciplinary and intradisciplinary communication because of the use of a shared conceptual framework. As such, it should be of help in the guidance in return to work of employees on sick leave and contribute to appropriate and sustainable employability.

EDUCATED UNEMPLOYMENT AND PERSONAL CHARACTER

This study identifies the factors causing unemployment of vocational high school graduates due to the mismatch between the mismatch demand and supply of labor. The research uses primary data obtained from questionnaires to several vocational high school graduates accompanied by interviews with several entrepreneurs and labor experts in Yogyakarta Special Region. This study utilizes qualitative analysis obtained through focus group discussions (FGD) and the Delphi method to identify the cause of educated unemployment. The results indicate that the dominant factor in worker’s success is the personal character. The vocational high school graduates have advantages in hard skills and soft skills but they are weak in personal character. If they have not found jobs as they expected, they tend to wait for jobs vacancies. During the waiting process, they are included in the unemployed group. Their choices lead to educated unemployment. Therefore, all the stakeholders should strengthen the youth's character.

Return to work factors and vocational rehabilitation interventions for long-term, partially disabled workers: a modified Delphi study among vocational rehabilitation professionals

BackgroundLong-term disability has a great impact on both society and workers with disabilities. Little is known about the barriers which prohibit workers with long-term disabilities from returning to work and which interventions are best suited to counteract these barriers. The main purpose of this study was to obtain consensus among professionals on important return to work (RTW) factors and effective vocational rehabilitation (VR) interventions for long-term (> 2 years), partially disabled workers. Our three research questions were: (1) which factors are associated with RTW for long-term disabled workers?; (2) which factors associated with RTW can be targeted by VR interventions?; and (3) which VR interventions are the most effective to target these factors?MethodsA modified Delphi Study was conducted using a panel of 22 labour experts, caseworkers, and insurance physicians. The study consisted of several rounds of questionnaires and one online meeting.ResultsThe multidisciplinary panel reached consensus that 58 out of 67 factors were important for RTW and that 35 of these factors could be targeted using VR interventions. In five rounds, the expert panel reached consensus that 11 out of 22 VR interventions were effective for at least one of the eight most important RTW factors.ConclusionsConsensus was reached among the expert panel that many factors that are important for the RTW of short-term disabled workers are also important for the RTW of long-term partially disabled workers and that a substantial number of these factors could effectively be targeted using VR interventions. The results of this study will be used to develop a decision aid that supports vocational rehabilitation professionals in profiling clients and in choosing suitable VR interventions.

Comprehensive approach to reintegration of disability benefit recipients with multiple problems (CARm) into the labour market: results of a randomized controlled trial

Purpose Although most clients on work disability benefits face multiple problems, most traditional interventions for (re)integration focus on a single problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the “Comprehensive Approach to Reintegrate clients with multiple problems” (CARm), which provides a strategy for labour experts to build a relationship with each client in order to support clients in their needs and mobilize their social networks. Methods This study is a stratified, two-armed, non-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT), with a 12-month follow-up period. Outcome measures were: having paid work, level of functioning, general health, quality of life, and social support. Results We included a total of 207 clients in our study; 97 in the intervention group and 110 in the care as usual (CAU) group. The clients’ mean age was 35.4 years (SD 12.8), 53.1% were female, and 179 (86.5%) reported multiple problems. We found the CARm intervention to have no significant effects superior to those of the CAU group on all outcomes. Conclusion As we found no superior effect of the CARm intervention compared to CAU, we cannot recommend widespread adoption of CARm. A process evaluation will give more insight into possible implementation failure of the intervention. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Most traditional interventions for (re)integration into the labour market are problem-centred, i.e., focusing on a single problem, and have limited effectiveness in persons with multiple problems. A strength-based intervention may be suitable for vocational rehabilitation and disability settings, since it contains many elements (e.g., being strength-based, focused on clients’ wishes and goals, and involving activation of the social environment) also likely to improve chances of re-employment of persons with multiple problems. In this study a strength-based intervention did not show a superior effect on paid employment and functioning within one year follow-up compared to care as usual in people with multiple problems on a work disability benefit.

Pengaruh Faktor-faktor Yang Terjadi Pada Kerja Lembur Terhadap Kualitas Pekerjaan

A construction project is a series of interrelated activities to achieve certain goals within a certain time, cost and quality limit. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that occur in overtime work and affect the quality of work on casting beams and plates on the second floor of the Trans Studio Makassar New Developmentproject. There are main factors that occur in overtime and affect the quality of work that can be concluded, namely: Factors of strict supervision at work, Factors of lack of labor expertise, Factors of worker inefficiencies due to too much work to be completed, Factors of lack of workers' rest time, Lighting factors when doing overtime work at night and Factors The existence of job guarantees can increase the morale of workers.

Factors Causing Delay in Pile Cap Work (Case Study: Trans Studio Mall Makassar Upgrade Project)

Pile cap as an important part used in construction engineering. Construction projects have a completion schedule, and pile caps as part of a construction project must not be delayed. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that cause delays in Pile cap work. The analysis method to calculate the results of questionnaire distribution is simple correlation analysis. The results of this study indicate that there are seven factors causing delays Pile cap work on the Trans Studio Mall Makassar upgrade project, namely: (1) Lack of manpower, (2) Late delivery of materials, (3) Rainfall intensity factor, (4) Lack of labor expertise, (5) equipment shortage, (6) equipment damage, (7) the factor of the change of design by the owner. From the results of the calculation of the product moment correlation factor of the lack of labor with the Pearson correlation coefficient value of 0.821 has a very strong relationship.

Prevalence, types, and combinations of multiple problems among recipients of work disability benefits

Purpose For persons on disability benefits who are facing multiple problems, active labour market policies seem less successful. Besides health problems, these people perceive personal, social, and environmental problems. Since very little is known about these “non-medical” problems our aim was to explore the prevalence of clients experiencing multiple problems, the types and number of perceived problems, combinations of perceived problems, and associated characteristics in a group of work disability benefit recipients. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study, using self-reported data on perceived problems and socio-demographics, and register data from the Dutch Social Security Institute on diagnosed diseases and employment status. A convenient group of labour experts recruited eligible clients on work disability benefit. Results Of the 207 persons on work disability benefit, 87% perceived having multiple problems. Most reported problems were related to physical (76%) or mental (76%) health. Health problems most frequently occurred together with a mismatch in education, financial problems, or care for family members. Clients with lower education experienced significantly more problems than clients with an intermediate or high educational level. Conclusions Clients with multiple problems face severe and intertwined problems in different domains of life, and need tailored multi-actor work disability management. Implications for rehabilitation Clients with multiple problems face severe and intertwined problems in different domains of life; therefore, interventions tailored to deal with needs related to specific problems might be more effective than traditional programs. Interventions should match experienced barriers, and involve multi-actor work disability management with all the challenges of mutual cooperation. For persons with multiple problems a focus on pure medical barriers is too narrow, because personal, social, and environmental factors might also obstruct participation in work.

Coronary heart disease: issues of pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and medical and labor expertise

This article provides a review of the literature on coronary heart disease, namely stable angina pectoris – one of the forms of chronic coronary heart disease. The role of CHD in mortality and disability of the population is considered. The literature review describes the etiology, risk factors, classification, pathogenetic nature of the disease, diagnostic methods, and also addresses issues of treatment and medical and labor expertise that are relevant today. The importance of subjective and objective methods of examination along with highly informative laboratory and instrumental methods currently being introduced is noted. A fundamental step towards eliminating risk factors is lifestyle modification. Of particular relevance is the issue of drug treatment of stable angina pectoris, the main purpose of which is to reduce the symptoms of angina pectoris and prevent cardiovascular complications. The article presents data from clinical studies examining the effectiveness of modern antianginal, antithrombotic, lipid-lowering therapy. The data on the possibility of using the valsartan and sacubitril complex in order to reduce the risk of hospitalization and death in the presence of symptomatic CHF (LVEF ≤ 35%) are presented.

Usability and consistency in findings of the work support needs assessment tool.

BACKGROUND:Structured work support needs assessment could facilitate professionals and increase assessment consistency.OBJECTIVES:Evaluating usability of the Work Support Needs Assessment Tool and test if professionals’ (labour experts, coaches) findings become more consistent after a tool training. The tool includes a 21 item checklist for assessing work support needs of people with disabilities.METHODS:Usability was explored through 28 interviews with professionals. Consistency was evaluated in an experimental pre-post study design, in which thirty-nine other professionals assessed work support needs of standardized clients before and after a protocolized training. Quantitative content analysis was conducted. Consistency of findings between professionals covered three categories: type (client-focused coaching), focus (topics to be addressed) and duration of support. An increase in consistency was defined as a decrease in the total number of different sub-categories of findings in each category.RESULTS:Nineteen professionals indicated that the tool was useful, as they gained relevant information and insights. Regarding consistency, the number of findings differed pre- and post-training for type of support (8 vs 9) and focus of support (18 vs 15 and 18 vs 17).CONCLUSIONS:Participants had positive experiences with the tool. Increased consistency in findings of professionals after the training was not demonstrated with the current study design.

Improving accuracy of bulk residual stress characterization in ribbed geometries through equivalent bending stiffness

Machining distortion control is of great concern to the manufacturing of slender aerospace components. Simulation models for distortion prediction enable forecasting potential distortion as material is removed and bulk stresses released. These models, either analytical or numerical, require accurate residual stress data as it varies from one machining blank to another. The on-machine layer removal method is a promising technique for fulfilling the task due to its low requirements on equipment, labor expertise, and computation time, which enable industrial application. Besides, the method can be applied to ribbed geometries allowing to measure the stresses and obtain the final component from the same bulk, just by taking certain assumptions related to its geometry. Nevertheless, under these assumptions the method does not consider the bucking of the ribs or their specific position within the components, which decreases its accuracy in ribbed geometries. In this paper, the influence of equivalent bending stiffness in the characterization of residual stresses of machining blanks for ribbed components is investigated. The formulation considers through-thickness bulk residual stresses and machining-induced residual stresses in two spatial directions, as well as the initial curvature of the machining blanks. A semi-analytical formulation establishes the quantitative relation between source and distortion for ribbed part geometries. Finally, simulations are contrasted with experimental data in a Al 7050-T7451 demonstrator.

Features of treatment and rehabilitation of patients suffering from stable coronary heart disease with comorbid background at the outpatient stage

This literature review highlights the relevance of both cardiovascular diseases in general and coronary heart disease in particular. The features of the therapy of coronary heart disease and some comorbid conditions are considered: atrial fibrillation, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, gastrointestinal tract diseases, bronchial patency disorders, iron deficiency anemia, inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, angle-closure glaucoma, new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Attention is drawn to the paradoxical relationship between cholesterol levels and the risk of cardiovascular complications and death in patients with end – stage CKD. The effect of omeprazole on reflux-induced myocardial ischemia is described. The possibility of using cardioselective beta -blockers in patients with COPD is emphasized. The choice of the form of nitrate release in inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity requires special attention. An urgent problem is the interaction of antiviral drugs and drugs of basic therapy of coronary heart disease in patients with a new coronavirus infection COVID – 19. Thus, patients taking CYP3A4 inhibitors are recommended to use prasugrel. The article examines the effect of comorbidity on the severity of persistent loss of body functions. Attention is drawn to the existing problems of rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease at the outpatient stage: patients ignoring non – drug rehabilitation methods, insufficiently attentive attitude to the issue of full – fledged secondary prevention. It is necessary to further improve the algorithms for the tactics of management of comorbid patients with coronary heart disease at the outpatient stage and a more detailed solution to the issue of medical and labor expertise and rehabilitation of this category of patients.

Rapid and Green Method Forensic Authentication of Rice Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)

Rice is one of the most consumed cereals in the world. Currently, techniques for the authentication and geographical origin of rice is known not to be objective because to depend on the naked eye of a well-trained inspector. DNA fingerprint methods have been shown to be inappropriate for on-site application because the method needs a lot of labor and skilled expertise. Rice consumers want to confirm cultivation origin because they believe price or eating score has a high correlation according to them. Considering rice as a raw material of economic and social value and the recent use of NIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric methods to authentication and discrimination of geographical origin as an alternative to classical methods in the search for a methodology in line with Green Chemistry, this work investigates the potential of NIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis: PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and HCA (Hierarchical Cluster Analysis) for rapid and non-destructive forensic authentication of rice grains from Brazil and Venezuela. This study investigated the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy, combined with PCA and HCA chemometric technique to the authenticity of rice. It was verified that is feasible and advantageous to implement authenticity detection of different brands, typology and geographical discrimination (Brazil and Venezuela) rice.

Assessing the applicability of the highway safety manual to gravel roads: A case study of Wyoming

Gravel road safety is a crucial area of road safety since gravel roads represent a substantial proportion of the entirety of the nation’s roadway network. Also, gravel roads pose inherent hazards that are otherwise absent in paved roads. Nonetheless, research related to gravel road crash count prediction models, known as safety performance functions (SPFs), was rarely undertaken. SPFs are required for identifying high crash risk locations, or hot-spots, and assessing changes in crash counts before and after implementing safety countermeasures. This research offers a diagnosis of the applicability of the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) to gravel roads in Laramie County, Wyoming. Even though the HSM does not address gravel road safety, the most appropriate methodology, provided by the HSM, for predicting counts of crashes on gravel roads is that of rural two-lane highways. This methodology is applied to Laramie County’s conditions and, as per the results, it is interpreted that the methodology is not applicable to such conditions. Therefore, developing SPFs for Wyoming’s conditions are recommended even though this involves labor hours, expertise and costs. Also, including a chapter in the HSM, devoted to gravel road safety, is suggested.