Labial Gland Secretions Research Articles

Labial gland marking secretion in males of two Scandinavian cuckoo bumblebee species (genusPsithyrus)

Chemical components of the cephalic labial gland secretion, which most likely is used as a precopulatory attracting signal, were identified in males of the cuckoo bumblebeesPsithyrus vestalis (Geoffroy) andP. bohemicus (Seidl.) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The former species has geranylcitronellyl acetate as main component, plus in decreasing amounts geranylcitronellol, an eicosadienal, an eicosenol, and an eicosenal. Another 17 fatty acid derivatives are present in minor amounts. The labial secretion ofP. vestalis differs distinctly in its chemistry from that of all of the 8 other ScandinavianPsithyrus species. In the taxonomically closely related (same subgenus)P. bohemicus, the labial gland secretion contains 16 fatty acid derivatives, of which 12 (75%) are present also in the secretion ofP. vestalis. Thus, both the labial gland secretions, and morphological traits lend support to the hypothesis that the two species share a common ancestor. The reproductive isolation between them is, at least in part, supported by the inclusion of a second biosynthetical pathway (the mevalonic acid pathway producing terpenoids) inP. vestalis, in addition to the pathway common to both species (the polyketide pathway producing fatty acid derivatives).

Analysis of the Labial Gland Secretion of the Cuckoo-Bumblebee (Psithyrus vestalis) Males and Synthesis of Abundant Geranylcitronellol

Labial glands of the cuckoo-bumblebee males of the species Psithyrus vestalis were extracted and the components of their secretions were identified. Chemical composition of the males' signal of Psithyrus vestalis has not yet been described in the literature. We found geranycitronellyl acetate to be the main component (48%). Geranylcitronellol and (Z)-15-eicosen-1-ol were present in the secretion in lower amounts. Long-chain aldehydes, acetates, and hydrocarbons formed only minor components of the mixture. The identification of minor components was based on GC-MS, while the more abundant compounds were isolated and fully characterized by spectral and chemical methods. For the structure confirmation, geranylcitronellol was prepared from geranyl bromide via a three-step synthesis.

The labial gland in the termiteSchedorhinotermes lamanianus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae): Morphology and function during communal food exploitation

InSchedorhinotermes lamanianus, size and cellular differentiation of the labial gland exhibit a caste-specific polymorphism. The acini of workers are composed of three distinct types of secretory cells, one of which is absent in soldiers and alates. The labial gland of workers releases a chemical signal for intraspecific communication. During the communal exploitation of a food source, labial gland secretion makes workers aggregate at gnawing sites where this signal is deposited. A newly developed bioassay is demonstrated.

Function of glandular secretions in fragrance collection by male euglossine bees (Apidae: Euglossini)

MaleEulaema cingulata (Fabricius) (Apidae: Euglossini) possess large cephalic labial glands that secrete a mixture of lipids. In the process of fragrance collection, males secrete the labial gland lipids onto the substrate. The mixture of lipids and fragrances is then taken up by the front tarsal brushes and transferred to the hind tibial organs. The labial gland secretions apparently serve as a nonpolar solvent and carrier that increases the efficiency of fragrance collection.

Biogenetic pattern of straight chain marking compounds in male bumble bees

1. 1. The labial gland secretion used by male bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) to mark the paths of their flight circuits include monounsaturated, straight chain alcohols, esters and aldehydes. Chemical analyses show the following positions for double bonds: 9 for tetradecenyl chains; 7, 9, or 11 for hexadecenyl chains; 9, 11, or 13 for octadecenyl chains; 11, or 15 for eicosenyl chains. 2. 2. All investigated double bonds were Z- isomers . 3. 3. From data based on 7 Psithyrus and 15 Bombus species, we suggest that the marking compounds have a biosynthetic route similar to that of some lepidopteran sex pheromones, involving either the common Δ9-desaturase or the uncommon Δ11-desaturase.

The physiology of wandering behaviour in Manduca sexta. I. Temporal organization and the influence of the internal and external environments.

A stereotyped series of behavioural changes occurs in preparation for pupation in Manduca sexta. Feeding declines over an 8-h period, after which the larva coats its body with a labial gland secretion. The animal then begins a 10- to 30-h wandering behaviour during which it constructs a pupation chamber underground. Wandering behaviour starts during a specific temporal gate which is determined by an internal circadian timer. The scotophase of the day prior to wandering has the major influence on the timing of internal processes which activate the behaviour. Wandering duration is correlated with larval size, reflecting a possible influence of juvenile hormone. The larva appears to be irrevocably committed to begin wandering by an event that occurs about 15 h previously, a time that corresponds to the second of three prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) pulses and the accompanying elevation of ecdysteroids as measured by Gilbert et al. (1981). We conclude that both the initiation and duration of wandering behaviour are governed primarily by processes which are internal to the larva.

SIMILARITY OF AMINO ACIDS IN NECTAR AND LARVAL SALIVA: THE NUTRITIONAL BASIS FOR TROPHALLAXIS IN SOCIAL WASPS.

EvolutionVolume 36, Issue 6 p. 1318-1322 Note and CommentFree Access SIMILARITY OF AMINO ACIDS IN NECTAR AND LARVAL SALIVA: THE NUTRITIONAL BASIS FOR TROPHALLAXIS IN SOCIAL WASPS James H. Hunt, James H. Hunt Department of Biology, University of Missouri—St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121Search for more papers by this authorIrene Baker, Irene Baker Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720Search for more papers by this authorHerbert G. Baker, Herbert G. Baker Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720Search for more papers by this author James H. Hunt, James H. Hunt Department of Biology, University of Missouri—St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121Search for more papers by this authorIrene Baker, Irene Baker Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720Search for more papers by this authorHerbert G. Baker, Herbert G. Baker Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720Search for more papers by this author First published: November 1982 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1982.tb05501.xCitations: 23 Corresponding Editor: D. J. Futuyma AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume36, Issue6November 1982Pages 1318-1322 ReferencesRelatedInformation

The labial gland system of larvae of the imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. Ultrastructure and enzyme analysis.

The authors describe the ultrastructure of the labial gland system in imported fire ant larvae, Solenopsis invicta Buren and present an enzyme analysis of enzymes in labial-gland secretions and midgut contents. The tubes of the labial gland produce and secrete a proteinaceous substance rich in digestive enzymes. The narrow cells of the reservoir of the gland have little or no secretory function but the lumen stores the proteinaceous secretion. The labial-gland enzymes include proteases and amylases, which function in extraintestinal digestion of solid food placed on the anteroventral body region of 4th-instar larvae by adult workers. The midgut contains proteases, amylases, and lipases. Lipids appear to be predigested by the workers before being fed to the larvae.

Histochemical and biochemical properties of the labial and palatine glands and their secretions in theMacaca irusandCercopithecus aethiopsmonkeys

The increasing use of non-human primates in experimental studies in dentistry demands detailed knowledge of their basic oral biology. The labial and palatine glands and their secretory products were compared in two commonly used monkey species. The mucous cells of both gland types appeared to elaborate sulphated muco-substances and the serous demilunes of the labial glands neutral mucosubstances. The secretions of these glands, as obtained by in vitro cultivation of glandular tissue were subjected to isoelectric fractionation. The labial and palatine secretions of the C. aethiops contained an acidic component which exhibited the viscous properties of the original secretions, showed incorporation of 35SO4 and had high titres of virus-haemagglutination inhibition activity. A similar component has been found in M. irus labial and palatine secretions. The two monkey species were similar in that the labial gland secretions of both contained small amounts of lysozyme activity, which the palatine gland secretions did not. They differed in that alpha-amylase activity was present in the labial and palatine secretions of the C. aethiops, which corresponds to the human situation. The minor glands of the M. irus did not show traces of alpha-amylase activity. The distribution of several chemical characteristics of the salivary gland secretions of both monkey species indicated that neither of them were identical to man, even though a general similarity was evident.

Minor salivary glands as a major source of secretory immunoglobin A in the human oral cavity.

Secretory immunoglobulin A is the predominant immunoglobulin in labial minor salivary gland secretions. Its mean concentration is four times higher in these secretions than in parotid gland secretion. The minor salivary glands can produce 30 to 35 percent of the immunoglobulin A that enters the oral cavity. This, together with the potential accessibility of these glands to antigenic stimulation, suggest that they may be an important source of the immune factors that are involved in the regulation of the microorganisms in the oral environment.

Biological activities in human labial and palatine secretions

Human labial and palatine gland secretion was collected by aspiration after pilocarpine stimulation. In both secretions, blood group antigens and virus-haemagglutination inhibition activity were found in high concentrations, alpha-amylase in low concentration and kallikrein as traces. Lysozyme activity was detectable only in the labial secretion. The biological activities present indicated that proteins of the minor salivary gland secretions may participate in the formation of the acquired dental pellicle.

Aversive Behavior and Competition within Colonies of the Ant Leptothorax curvispinosus1

When Leptothorax curvispinosus Mayr workers are not regurgitating to the nest queens, they show moderate to strong aversive behavior toward this caste. Their response is not based upon aggression or dominance, but it has the effect of clearing the way to the larvae. The queens “graze” from one larva to another, licking liquid material from the region of the larval mouthparts. At least part of the liquid evidently consists of labial gland secretion. Although the queens appear to compete for the larval liquids in an exploitative fashion, they are not organized into dominance hierarchies of the vertebrate type, nor do they appear to recognize each other as individuals, beyond distinguishing their own eggs from those laid by other queens. Strong differential reproduction was recorded as the outcome of variation in the degrees of roughness with which queens handle alien eggs and differences in the fragility of the egg shells.

LABORATORY REARING STUDIES OF THE POSTCAPPING STAGES OF THE HONEY BEE (APIS MELLIFERA L.): II. REARING BROOD INSIDE CELLS

Fully fed larvae and pupae of the three castea of honey bee were reared in various artificial cells in the laboratory. The effects of humidity, removal of cell parts, orientation of brood in various positions, and use of different artificial cappings on brood development were tested.Rearing was successful in wax cavities covered with cellophane and is gelatin capsules with one end covered with paper tissue. Bees emerged quickly and easily through paper tissue with minimum loss of weight when they were physically ready to do so. Labial gland secretion was probably used to moisten cappings during emergence. Cell size was only critical for drone brood. Relative humidities of 40–80% gave good results. Ecdyses were more successful when the anal ends touched side or end walls of the cells. The placement of prepupae or pupae in various abnormal positions had little or no effect on subsequent development.

Technique for Obtaining Maximum Yields of Fresh Labial Gland Secretions from the Lizard Heloderma suspectum

Technique for Obtaining Maximum Yields of Fresh Labial Gland Secretions from the Lizard Heloderma suspectum

Physiological effects of labial gland secretion from Heloderma (gila monster) upon Heloderma.

ArticlePhysiological Effects of Labial Gland Secretion From Heloderma (Gila Monster) Upon HelodermaWilliam H. Brown, and Charles H. Lowe JR.William H. BrownFrom the Department of Zoology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, and Charles H. Lowe JR.From the Department of Zoology, University of Arizona, Tucson, ArizonaPublished Online:01 Jun 1954https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1954.177.3.539MoreSectionsPDF (220 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat "Physiological Effects of Labial Gland Secretion From Heloderma (Gila Monster) Upon Heloderma." American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content, 177(3), pp. 539–540 Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByToxicologySome physiological effects caused by venom from the Gila Monster, Heloderma suspectumToxicon, Vol. 5, No. 1 More from this issue > Volume 177Issue 3June 1954Pages 539-540 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1954 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1954.177.3.539PubMed13158610History Received 20 December 1953 Published online 1 June 1954 Published in print 1 June 1954 Metrics