Abstract

1. 1. The labial gland secretion used by male bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) to mark the paths of their flight circuits include monounsaturated, straight chain alcohols, esters and aldehydes. Chemical analyses show the following positions for double bonds: 9 for tetradecenyl chains; 7, 9, or 11 for hexadecenyl chains; 9, 11, or 13 for octadecenyl chains; 11, or 15 for eicosenyl chains. 2. 2. All investigated double bonds were Z- isomers . 3. 3. From data based on 7 Psithyrus and 15 Bombus species, we suggest that the marking compounds have a biosynthetic route similar to that of some lepidopteran sex pheromones, involving either the common Δ9-desaturase or the uncommon Δ11-desaturase.

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