Kyzylorda Region Research Articles

Modern environmental problems of the Kyzylorda region: challenges and possible solutions

This paper examines the environmental problems of the Kyzylorda region associated with the industrial enterprises’ activities in the region. The article notes along with economic growth in the mining industry, which is one of the main sectors of the regional economy, the level of pollution in the surrounding ecosystem is increasing. On the one hand, the authors are convinced the growth of the economic potential in the mining industry, space activities and the transition to market mechanisms for the economy development have generated a major growth in the potential of the region turning it into one of the largest developed regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. On the other hand, an increase in industrial production without taking into account the ecological characteristics of the region with an increase in deformations of sectoral proportions and socio-economic structure, anthropogenic impact on the environment gave rise to a crisis in the regional ecology. According to the authors, reducing the harmful impact of the Baikonur complex on the environment, preserving the Aral ecosystem, competently using the historical experience of irrigated agriculture, as well as work in the field of environmental awareness and education of nature users will create a favourable environment for a significant improvement in the environmental situation in the region.

White-tailed lapwing (Vanellochettusia leucura) in lake Cartma (lake systems of Syrdarya river's delta, Kyzylorda region, republic of Kazakhstan)

This article generalizes data of authors collected in course of birds count at Lake Cartma Lake Systems of Syrdarya river's delta of the territory of Kyzylorda region, Republic of Kazakhstan, in period of 2014-2019. Distribution, quantity, ecology and areal of white-tailed lapwing (Vanellochettusia leucura) is considered in details. White-tailed lapwing is a medium-sized wader; body structure largely resembles black-sided lapwing but the size is slightly lesser. At present time, on territory of Kazakhstan, the white-railed lapwing is nesting at wetland stations of middle and downstream (from border with Uzbekistan to North Aral sea), system of lakes in delta of Syr-Darya river, in the north part of Caspian sea. Quantity of white-tailed lawing on studied Cartma lake is determined in limits of 30-150 specimen; this is the result of season nature of countings, fluctuation of area of studied water body surface. A characteristic feature of this species is a peculiar voice, descriptively translated as “chetyre, chetyre” ("four, four” in Russian),  increasing at approach to nesting sites. Analysis of special literature on ornithology of eastern site of Aral sea and lakes of Syr-Darya river delta showed that for two hundred years period, white-tailed lapwing mostly adheres to constant habitats. Nesting station is located in shore zone, at sandbars and isles. Key words: Cartma lake, wetlands, white-tailed lapwing, distribution of avifauna, trophic specialization of birds, E.A. Eversmann

Landscape and Ecological Analysis of Land Degradation in the Syrdarya River Delta And The Dried Bottom of the Aral Sea

Increased environmental tensions in the Delta of Syrdarya River and the Aral Sea region were primarily due to economic reasons. The creation of new, more productive natural and economic systems, the expansion of irrigated agriculture in Kyzylorda region has contributed to the violation of the natural balance in the aquatic and subaquatic geosystems, the emergence and development of desertification process. Although the direction, pace and scale of desertification processes were characterized by a number of features but the result of human activity was a decisive factor in the degradation of the natural environment. Regional and local anthropogenic impacts on the nature of the region have radically changed the natural landscapes and their individual parts, and subsequently led to a violation of the ecological balance. In the 80-90 years of the last century the areas of water-resistant natural territorial complexes sharply decreased against the background of water cut in the Delta of the Syrdarya River, and alternatively, the areas of transformed landscapes with secondary saline soils, takyr soils, soils with analogues of desolate hydromorphic soils (alluvium and meadow, marsh and meadow, meadow and marsh soils) increased). The prevailing situation has been formed in the process of “halophytization” of Atyrau landscapes. The article presents a landscape and ecological analysis of land degradation processes in the Delta of the Syrdarya River and the drained bottom of the Aral Sea. The types of economic use of landscape species were also analyzed. A landscape map of the territory and land use types map has been compiled. The actual state of economic use of Atyrau landscapes and the consequences of anthropogenic impact are shown. The obtained results of the analysis are used for functional zoning work in order to develop a set of measures to optimize and use the territory effectively

Sengir-tam 2: new research on the site in Eastern Aral Sea region

The paper presents the excavations results from the new site of the early Iron Age Sengir-tam 2, located in the lower stream of the Syr Darya River in Kyzylorda Region. The site is a grave consisting of 23 ground mounds. There are west and east groups located in chain order and oriented along the west-east line. To date, six mounds have been explored on the site. It has been revealed that the grave was robbed in ancient times. Archaeological works on the high ground of Sengir-tam 2 showed that burials were carried out here for a long time. The excavations revealed pieces of horse tack, iron knives, beads and helmet plaque, ceramics. The burial rite and equipment recorded on the site have direct similarities with other burial complexes of Eastern Aral Sea, particularly among the materials of the graves of South Tagisken and Uigarak dated by VIIV centuries BC. It should be noted that Sengir-tam 2 is still the third site discovered in the interfluve of Incardarya and Zhanadarya. According to the materials received, the population of Eastern Aral Sea region had links with the other cultures of the Saka time from Altay in the east to the Black Sea in the west.

The Book “Al-Iqleed” of Tadj Ad-Deen Al-Jendy

The article studies about Tadj ad-deen Ahmad ibn Mahmoud ibn Omar al-Jendy’s works who was born in a medieval town Jent (died in 700/1301, currently, the Kyzylorda region, Kazakhstan). He is the famous linguist, the author of significant works on Arabic grammar. The article analyzes the character, substance, and the value of his famous book “Al-Iqleed” (Key). Al-Iqeed is the comment on the book “Mufassal” by Abu al-Kasym Mahmoud ibn Omar of az-Zamakhshari, which is considered as a classic work on Arabic grammar. In al-Iqleed are given important and reasonable comments on Az-Zamakhshary’s book. Moreover, Quranic texts and texts of Hadiths, proverbs and sayings, aphorisms and also works of poetry according to grammar rules are provided as examples. The grammatical analysis that Al-Jendy uses in his research is not repeated in any other remained comments made on this book by different authors. The author concentrated his attention on examining of ambiguously resolved issues in Arabic grammar, trying to find the most exact interpretation and the hidden sense in word meaning. Key words: Arabic grammar, linguist, Qur’an, word, explanation, rule, school of Basra and Kufa, imam, Islam.

Extraction of high-purity silica from rice husk via hydrochloric acid leachingtreatment

The present paper aimed at the investigation of the effect of preliminary acid treatment on the structure and purity of extracted silica. In this study, the acid leaching of rice husk (RH) in 2 M hydrochloric acid solution before the calcination process at 600 $^{\circ}$C was proposed to achieve completely white silica with high specific surface area and low content of impurities. RH, selected from the Almaty Region, Kyzylorda Region, and Turkestan Region was used as the main silica source. The results confirmed that the highest purity (98.2%-99.7%) amorphous silica with a specific surface area between 120 and 980 m$^{2}$ g$^{-1}$ could be extracted during acid treatment and controlled calcination. The structure is amorphous, porosity diameter decreased from 26.4 nm to 0.9 nm, and specific pore volume increased from 0.5 to 1.2 cm$^{3}$ g$^{-1}$.

Findings of the survey of cultural valuesof youngs in Kyzylorda region

Мақаланың мақсаты Сыр өңірі жастарының мәдени құндылықтар құбылысының өзекті мәселелерін, құндылықтарға деген көзқарастарын әлеуметтік сауалнама алу арқылы талдап, ғылыми тұрғыдан жан-жақты қарастыру. Талдау жасау арқылы қорытынды тұжырымдар жасалып, этноәлеуметтік кеңістіктегі күрделі құбылыстарға сыни баға беріледі. Сондықтан мәдени құндылық мәселесіне әлеуметтік сауалнама алу тұрғысынан ғылыми мағынада маңыздылық беріліп, оны қарастыруда өзіндік ерекшеліктерін, мәселенің түйткілді қырларын әлеуметтік-философиялық сараптаудың өзіндік ғылыми зерттеу қадамдары жасалды. Сыр өңірінде мәдени құндылықтар ерекше маңызға ие, олардың мәдени-антропологиялық сараптамасы Қазақстанды жаңғыртудағы этникалық сәйкестіктің әлеуметтік-мәдени модельдерінің басты бағыттарын анықтауға мүмкіндік береді. Жалпы мақалада мәдени құндылықтардың мәнін зерттеуде әлеуметтік сауалнама алу мәдени-антропологиялық көзқарасты негіздеу мәселесі ретінде мәдени құндылықтардың маңызы, Сыр өңірі жастарының мәдени құндылық бағдарларын және олардың мінез-құлқының қалыптасуындағы ролі қарастырылады. Олардың құндылық бағдарларының қалыптасуына аймақтық мәдениет өзіндік әсерін береді. Мақалада авторлар заманауи қоғамның мәдени-антропологиялық тәсілі ретінде жастардың бойындағы мәдени құндылықтарды қалыптастыру мәселесін зерттеу қажеттілігін негіздейді. Бұл тәсіл құндылықтар мен құндылық бағдарларының адамның мінез-құлығына, қоғамдық қарым-қатынасқа әсерін зерттеуге мүмкіндік береді.Түйін сөздер: ұлттық бірегейлік, құндылық, сауалнама, студент, мәдениет.

PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH THE WESTERN GATE OF THE MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT DZHANKENT IN 2018

The article highlights some of the results of the archaeological study of the defensive structures of the medieval hillfort of Dzhankent, located in Kazaly district, Kyzylorda region. According to medieval eastern sources, the mound in the last period of its existence functioned as the capital of the Oguz state in the lower reaches of the Syr Darya. The article describes the features of the planigraphy of the main entrance gate of the ancient hillfort Dzhankent. The preliminary results of field archaeological research at the main entrance gates of the monument show that, during the erection of the fortress walls, the construction techniques of the neighboring region in the Lower Amudarya were used, which confirm the features of the Dzhankent building structures that have similar architectural traditions of the urban culture of Central Asia. His closest analogies are the design of Dzhankent in Khorezm. First of all, it is the hillfort of Toprak-Kala, which gives the closest analogies for Dzhankent on the internal layout and location of the Citadel. And although Toprak-Kala dates from an earlier period, the comparison of the planning features of the two monuments is quite legitimate, since it is obvious that the spatial-planning model used in the late re-planning of Dzhankent was formed much earlier.

The Museumification of Archaeological Monuments of the Lower Reaches of the Syr Darya (Town Syganak, Zhankent)

The article deals with the history of medieval settlements Syganak, Zhankent in Kyzylorda region, archaeological excavations in them and the course of work related to musealization. Since 2004, the program «Madeni Mura» and to this day on the monuments of comprehensive research. The monuments were included in the preliminary list of world heritage, as well as in the list of sacred monuments of Kazakhstan of national importance, created within the framework of the program article of the head of state N.A. Nazarbayev «View to the future: modernization of public consciousness», these objects are one of the sacred places of national importance of Kazakhstan. One of the ways of long and high preservation of archaeological monuments is museumification. Museumification of archaeological heritage allows mainly to develop the tourism sector, transform archaeological sites from a new side and use in accordance with modern society. Currently, the use of the archaeological monument can be used not only in the process of excavation, but also for the development of education, culture and tourism. And we willconsider all these expected results in this work.

Determination of the Product of DNA Oxidation in the Blood of Women Living in the Sub-Aral Area.

To assess the impact of climatic and anthropogenic factors of the Aral Sea region on reproductive health, we examined 300 women living in the Kyzylorda region of Kazakhstan, which borders the Aral Sea region. The survey was based on comprehensive clinical-functional and laboratory studies accounting on regional environmental and ecological factors. The survey subject was the area of 2 settlements in Kyzylorda region. In both areas, it was revealed that the examined women of the age group 30-39 years old had increased values of oxidative stress indices comparison with Atasu village of Karaganda region.

Prevalence of Rickettsia species in ticks including identification of unknown species in two regions in Kazakhstan

BackgroundOver 60 years ago clinical patterns resembling tick-borne rickettsioses have been described for the first time in Kazakhstan. Since 1995 the incidence of clinical cases of tick-borne rickettsioses in humans seems to be rising but studies on epidemiological data regarding the occurring etiological agents, tick vector species, prevalence and distribution throughout Kazakhstan are still scarce to date. The aim of the study was molecular investigation of ticks for spotted-fever group rickettsiae in the endemic Kyzylorda region and the so far considered as non-endemic Almaty region. A total of 2341 ticks was collected in the two regions in Kazakhstan and sorted in 501 pools: Ixodes persulcatus (243); Dermacentor marginatus (129); Haemaphysalis punctata (104); Hyalomma asiaticum (17); Dermacentor reticulatus (3); and Rhipicephalus turanicus (5). Pools were tested for Rickettsia spp. using real-time PCR. For positive samples multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed.ResultsThe calculated minimum infection rate (MIR) for rickettsiae in the investigated ticks in Almaty region varied between 0.4–15.1% and 12.6–22.7% in the Kyzylorda region. At least four different Rickettsia species were identified in the two selected regions of Kazakhstan. Two of these are already known to science: Rickettsia raoultii and R. slovaca, the latter being reported for the first time in Almaty region One new form, “Candidatus R. yenbekshikazakhensis”, was described by MLST of six gene fragments in Almaty region and one new genotype, “genotype R. talgarensis” was detected using three gene fragments.ConclusionsKazakh physicians should be aware of rickettsioses after tick bites in both regions studied. Both, R. raoultii and R. slovaca should be included in the diagnostics. The role for human diseases has further to be investigated for the newly described rickettsiae, “Candidatus R. yenbekshikazakhensis” and “Genotype R. talgarensis”.

ECOLOGICAL HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT of the ENVIRONMENT OF ADJACENT TERRITORIES OF ZONES OF ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT

The ecological and hygienic assessment of environmental areas adjacent to the zones of anthropogenic exposure in the cold season of the year. As the object of research there was chosen ecologically unfavorable Aral Sea region -settlement Aiteke bi in the - Kyzylorda region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The aim of research was to identify chemical pollutants in the environment of the settlement of Aiteke Bi. During the execution of the study there was used a complex of modern certified ecological-hygienic, chemical-analytical and static methods of the analysis (photoionizing, electrochemical, optical, photometric, complexonometric, weight, titrimetric). Results of the study of ambient air showed the excess of the concentration of suspended particulate matter 1.78 MPC daily averages, the value of Air Pollution Index (API ) was low (API4= 1.3 c.u.). The quantitative chemical analysis of drinking water showed the presence of low concentrations of heavy metals: cadmium - 0,3MPC, nickel - 0.5MPC, iron - 0.4MPC, zinc - 0.6MPC, cobalt - 0.4MPC (water pollution index (WPI)= 0.2 cu), clean water is of quality class 2. There was revealed a low level of soil contamination (Zc =0.1 c.u.), however, observed in all samples there were noted excesses of sulfate MPC (by to 193.8 times) and chlorides (3.9 times). Concentrations of polluting chemicals discovered in the total territory of the settlement of Aiteke bi are related to the activity of more than twenty-one companies producing oxygen, building materials, metal plastic products, executing the exploration and production of minerals. Each out of the identified chemical impurities is widely used in manufacturing, thereby is accumulated in the environment and easily gets into the body with both food and water, and via air inhalation. There is observed a chronic intake of chemical contaminants.

Silica from Kazakhstan Rice Husk as an Anode Material for LIBs

This paper reports the synthesis of the silica (SiO2) from Kyzylorda rice husk (RH) and investigation of its electrochemical behaviour as an anode material for the lithium-ion battery. Rice husk, considered as agricultural waste material, contains a substantial amount of amorphous silica, carbon, and minor other mineral composition, which have potential industrial and scientific applications. Due to the high theoretical capacity of silicon (4200 mAh g-1) and silicon dioxide (1965 mAh g-1), Si-containing compounds are considered as a promising candidate for a new generation of anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. In this work, the technology of amorphous SiO2 extraction from Kyzylorda region rice husk is developed. The silica powder was obtained by burning the rice husk and treating the obtained ash with the sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. The extracted SiO2 and intermediate products were studied by the SEM, XRD, XRF, XPS, TGA in comparison with commercial silica. The RH of the Kyzylorda region has 12% of Si. The electrochemical characteristics of assembled coin cell type battery were tested by using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling. Results show that silica synthesized from agriculture waste has the same performance as commercial analog. The initial discharge capacity of the battery with synthesized silicon dioxide was 1049 mAhg-1. The reversible discharge capacity in the second and subsequent cycles is about 438 mAhg-1.

Nosological structure of congenital malformations in the fetuses and babies of the Aral Sea Region(the Republic of Kazakhstan)

To study the trend in the incidence and nosological structure of congenital malformations (CMFs) in the fetuses and babies of the Kyzylorda Region (Aral Sea Region) of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the period 2016-2018. Over 2016-2018, the investigators analyzed 550 childbirth histories, the protocol (records) of autopsy in fetuses and babies who had died at the maternity hospitals and children's hospitals of the Kyzylorda Region (Aral Sea Region, Kazakhstan). Throughout the follow-up period, the structure of CMFs in the Kyzylorda Region, the Republic of Kazakhstan, was found to have 3 major systemic defects: multiple defects; cardiovascular defects, and central nervous system defects, which can be considered as an indicator for environmental problems in the region. There was a preponderance of hydrocephalus and anencephaly among the CMF of the central nervous system and that of interventricular and interatrial septal defects and combined defects among the cardiovascular CMFs. In the considered period of time, malformations of the urinary system, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs were often observed as part of multiple malformations. In the considered period of time, defects of the urinary system, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs were often observed as part of multiple malformations. The postmortem findings indicated that the conformity of clinical and postmortem CMF diagnoses in the Kyzylorda Region were more than 77%.

Сыр өңірінің киелі (қасиетті) орындары жайлы кейбір мәселелер

The main problem considered in the article is the history of the region of dislocation of sacred places of the earth of Cheese. In the Kyzylorda region are thousands of historical and cultural monuments, each of them has its own history, features and values. The project of the head of state «sacred Kazakhstan» is a new project from the point of view of national ideology. Sacred objects are not only facts for the history of the country, but also a heritage that we are proud of. The main novelty of the research work is the study of the Holy objects along the lower reaches of the Syr Darya, by what indicators they are Holy. During the research, the most famous places of our region were selected, and those monuments that would become future tourist objects and routes were selected.&nbsp

Environmental factors and respiratory system state of Aral sea region dwellers

Health of Kyzylorda region dwellers is influenced by following negative factors: physical — climate (sharply continental dry hot climate, winds, high solar radiation); chemical — biochemical components in water, soils, ambient air, radiation background; anthropogenic — overregulated river-bed of Syrdaria, insiccation of Aral sea, oil extraction, uranium ores extraction, etc.Findings are that the maximal respiratory diseases prevalence is seen in a region neighboring toAral sea. Kyzylorda region used to take 3rd place in the republic for average longstanding mortality with respiratory diseases. High morbidity in Zhalagashsky and Zhanakorgansky districts, high mortality with respiratory diseases in Kazalinsky and Zhanakorgansky districts are seen in regions situated far fromAral sea.

Epizootology (epidemiology) of helminthozoonoses in the south-west of Republic of Kazakstan

The purpose of the research: to educe regional specificity of epizootology (epidemiology) of helminthozoonoses (taeniarinhosis - cysticercosis, echinococcosis, trichinellosis) in Kyzylorda region Republic of Kazakstan. Materials and methods. In 2010-2016 according to postmortem examination methods cattle is investigated on cysticercosis and echinococcosis, sheep camels and horses on echinococcosis, pigs on taeniasis saginata at the premises of Kyzylorda meat cutting plant and at Kyzylorda markets. Physiological state of cysticercuses and caseworm larvocyst have been studied depending on the animal age. Invasion extensiveness (IE) of dogs were studied by the method of control worming by hydrobromide arecoline. As well as veterinarian and medical audit in region for the last 10 years was analyzed. Results and discussion. It has been established that cysticercosis bovine is widespread endemic and irregular. Invasion extensiveness (IE) of cattle was higher on the south-east of region (3.3%), and on the west this measure greatly declined (2.4%). This zoonosis extensiveness is greatly progressed during last 7 years (from 1.7% in 2010 till 3.3% in 2016). In general, at the south-west part of Kazakstan cattle is infected by Cysticercus bovis on 2.6-2.9% while the invasion strength (IS) is average 2-4 cysticercuses onto one corpse. During 2010-2016 it was educed two persons who are ill on taeniasis saginata. Sheep, cattle and camels were average taken by caseworms on 21.1%, 8.1%, and 42.7% respectively. IE parameters depended on the age and were high at the adult animals: Lambs are wormy on 2.5%, sheep older then 5 years on 29.5%, young camels at the age under 2 years are wormy on 27.9%, and animals older then 7 years on 50.0%, calves under 2 years are wormy on 2.4%, and cattle older then 5 years on 10.7%. IS of all kinds of animals correlated outright to EI and also depended on the animal age. In the process of internal veterinarian sanitary examination of 1680 killing horses of different age caseworm larvocyst were not founded. According to the data from health statistics, 463 patients (including 47.7% of men and 52.6% of women) have been operated concerning caseworm in the clinics in Kyzylorda region during 12 years (2005-2016 years). In 2010-2016 it was tested 688 samples of muscles of imported pork for trichinellosis by compressor method. All samples were negative. Over the last 10 years caseworm of animal and human was not registered in the region except one outburst in 2016 (February-March), during which 20 accidents of human caseworm had been educed in the region. The source of invasion was wild boars meat.

CLINICAL LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF WOMEN LIVING IN ECOLOGICALLY UNFAVORABLE REGIONS OF KAZAKHSTAN

In the area under study, mainly saline and solonetsous territories. The situation negatively affects the offspring of the population living in the region Continuing the work on assessing the impact of climatic and anthropogenic factors of the Aral region on the reproductive health of the female population, we compared the reproductive health of women living in five settlements of the Kyzylorda region and two settlements in the Karaganda region. There were observed 686 women in the zone of environmental crisis, 720 women living in the zone of environmental disaster and 388 women living in the Karaganda region in areas bordering the Aral Sea region. The examination was carried out on the basis of an integrated clinical-functional and laboratory examination, taking into account regional and environmental ecological factors. In the Kyzylorda region, there is a delayed onset of menarche occurred in girls older than 16 years (39%), there is a tendency to rejuvenate the age of the onset of menopause. In the Karaganda region, late menarche occurs only in 12% of cases. A third of the examined women suffered from inflammatory diseases of female genital organs in both regions. Perinatal losses, cases of spontaneous interruption and/or undeveloped pregnancies in the anamnesis are repeated many times, in zones of the ecological catastrophe and the environmental crisis there are frequent as one in four women. However, in the Karaganda region, this value figure was almost 3 times less (14%).

OMPREHENSIVE ECOLOGICAL-HYGIENIC EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTS OF THE TERRITORY UNDER HARMFUL CLIMATIC AND ANTHROPOGENIC EXPOSURE

Adverse climatic and anthropogenic factors can affect the health of people living near the dried-up Aral Sea. There was modified the comprehensive assessment of inorganic chemical pollution of the environment of the village in the Zhosaly Kyzylorda region of Kazakhstan. The comprehensive assessment score included 5 categories: satisfactory, intense, critical, crisis, catastrophic. According to own research over 2014-2015 based on the mentioned assessment score, the comprehensive assessment score amounted to 41 points and showed a critical situation. In the air, there was observed the phenol content of 1.02 MAC, suspended solids - 0.5 MAC. The main part of the fine suspended solids sized of 1.5-2.5 mm, round shape, was formed in the process of condensation and evaporation of the sea and the Syr Darya River. In the dust, there was found the excess in silicon content of 2.8 MAC, iron - 1.3 MAC, zinc 1.1 MAC. As soil pollutants, there were detected sulfates - of 173.5 MAC, chlorides - 9.0 MAC, mercury - 0.56 MAC, nickel - 0.49 MAC. In drinking water, there was revealed cadmium excess of 1.3 MAC, nickel - 1.2 MAC, chlorides - 1.25 MPC, sulfates - 1.0 MAC. In the water of the Syr Darya River, there was revealed an excess in nickel - of 2.2 MAC, sulfates - 1.8 MAC, dissolved oxygen - 2.0 MAC. In the sediments of the Syr Darya river, the sulfate content accounted for 3.36 MAC and chlorides - 1.53 MAC. In the snow cover there was revealed an excess of manganese - 5.14MPC, chromium - 2.04 MAC, zinc - 1.2 MAC. In a critical situation a significant portion (30-50%) of the population may be in a state of exertion and adaptation surge, and the most susceptible part seems to be in a state of adaptation failure, characterized by an increase in incidence rate.

Epidemiological aspects of morbidity in the class of digestive organs in Kazakhstan.

To study epidemiological aspects of disease, class of diseases of the digestive system in the region of the relative risk in Kazakhstan. Studied epidemiological parameters are first identified in the incidence and prevalence of class XI ICD in regions of Kazakhstan with the identification of risk relative to the average national level. In a dysfunctional region Kyzylorda region analyzed the performance of its regions and compared with data from medical examination of the population and the survey. A significant excess of the average national incidence rate between 1990 and 2015, was noted for 3 of the 14 regions of Kazakhstan (West-Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda, Mangystau). According to the dynamics of the unfavorable situation on the high level of incidence currently is in the Kyzylorda region (COA). From the areas of the COA maximum, the incidence of diseases of the digestive system registered in Kazalinsk district which exceeded the level at RK 4.8 times. The data on examination and survey of the complaints of the population exceeded the epidemiological indicators. In the area identified as the leading neoplasms of the digestive system in the structure of cancer incidence and exceeded the national average on the related class of blood diseases. Unfavorable situation on the incidence of the digestive system in Kyzylorda region of Kazakhstan is associated with the cancer and blood diseases, this is partly due to the presence of pollutants in the environment.