Kurdistan Region Government Research Articles

کێشەى بە ناوەندیکردنى بەڕێوەبردنی نەوت و گاز لە عێراقى دواى ٢٠٠٥ - ململانێکانى نێوان حکومەتى هەرێمى کوردستان و عێراقی فیدراڵ بە نموونە

Decentralizing political and economic authorities is one of the strongest problems inside new Iraqi government after Saddam Hussein’s regime. The main complicated problems for the Iraqi government is to decentralize is managing and controlling oil and gas relying on the Iraqi new constitution. Since, the Iraqi federal parliament could not issue the oil and gas law depending on Iraqi new constitution, so from 2007 till now the conflicts step by step has grown significantly between the Iraqi federal government in Baghdad and Kurdistan region government in Erbil. Now after 13 years in rebuilding the Iraqi new government, controlling and managing the oil& gas fields is one of the highest problem between federal and regional governments in Iraq, because the Iraqi federal government want to centralize these powers under its authority. For solving this problem, Iraqi parliament has to issue the new oil and gas law relying on the Iraqi new constitution. These laws have to give some effective powers for local and regional governments; that let these governments to manage and rule their natural resources, as long as does not contradict the policies and interests of the federal government in Baghdad. In contrast, these laws must give powers to accountable representation in parliament for monitoring the process of managing and controlling oil and gas between federal and regional governments inside Iraq.

إتجاه المحكمة الاتحادية العليا في تفسير النصوص الدستورية دراسة تحليلية تطبيقية

Political terminology and designations have a fundamental power in the political battle and political negotiations; therefore, we see that the most political negotiations as confirmed by the French psychologists are failures not only for different doctrines and principles, but also for different meanings of words and various peripheral connotations. Thus, the repercussions of the referendum have left a language charged between the central government and the region; they entered into a new conflict through the instrument of terms and political vocabulary that mimics their goals and justify what they want to reach; this has negatively affected the mechanism of the relationship between the two sides. ; Base it on above, in this paper (The term problematic in the exacerbation of the relationship between the Region and the Center) we will organize this kind of language through political terms, then theorizes and deals the content of this language. So, this language played bad roles between Kurdistan Region Government and Central Government, We will deal it through the live samples in Media between both sides.The important of this study in the new events that happened before referendum and after it, and our studies will be based on pragmatic theory; we hope our studies will be good steps in the political, linguistic and media area.

Electronic Learning System for Duhok Polytechnic University

Nowadays, the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) made deep effects in the human life. But still the communication style in most Kurdistan-Region Government sectors is still at the beginning steps. So, the trend is to move towards the E-government system in order to overcome the problems of traditional style. E-university is a field belongs to the E-government. Hence, electronic learning is an important direction within E-university. This direction treats with learning-style and the communications between the academic-staff in one side and students in other side at the universities and keep-tracking their activities during studying-year. The current style of communication needs to be improved by benefiting from the new technology capabilities. However, the universities of Kurdistan Region suffer from lack of using new technology and building the E-university system will push other whole sectors towards the E-government system. As an important direction within Electronic Duhok Polytechnic University (E-DPU), this thesis produces an efficient proposed learning system called Duhok Polytechnic University Electronic Learning System (DPU-ELS). The proposed system serves to: DPU presidency, four colleges and eight institutions belong DPU. The proposed system consists of nine modules that provide four groups of services. First group relates with student services: Lecturers Feedback, Discussion Forums and Course materials that include: Lectures, Assignments, Schedules, Marks and Objections. Second group relates with department services: Academic Staff Authentication, Clearance and Summer Training. Third group relates with Lecturer: Preparing Course Materials and Discussion Forums. And fourth group relates with institution and university services: Exam Committee, Quality Assurance, Curriculum and Statistics.There are two different study-systems at DPU, two years for institutes and four years for colleges. So, the proposed DPU-ELS is designed according to the structure of DPU. These two different studying systems are depended just at polytechnic universities. The proposed system is implemented and tested practically for six institutions located at three different campuses: Duhok, Zakho and Shekhan. The students and staff of the selected institutions participated with implementation and obtaining the results that been evaluated by using System Usability Scale (SUS). The evaluation score of the questionnaire is (71.82%) which can be considered as a good percentage. Another step towards the E-government is the ability of copying this system at any other Kurdistan university. The proposed system has been designed and implemented using the tools: (MySQL, HTML, CSS, PHP, JavaScript, JQuery, Ajax and Bootstrap).

A Comparative Study Between the Climate Response Strategies and Thermal Comfort of a Traditional and Contemporary Houses in KRG: Erbil

The hot and dry climate conditions in Erbil city has a main effect on the energy consumption and thermal performance of the house. In the last decade, residential sector in Kurdistan region government has consumed about 50% of total energy consumption. The contemporary dwelling did not consider climate consideration therefore; there was difficulty in achieving or obtaining thermal comfort conditions, without using electrical or mechanical devices like air- conditioning. In contrast, traditional houses carefully and effectively designed with climate conditions. In the present study, in order to determine suitable architectural strategy that may be benefit in future housing designs, the climate response strategies and thermal comfort examined in both traditional and contemporary houses in Erbil city and evaluated in terms of building form, orientation, occupancy migration, plan arrangement, window, ventilation, shading, Vegetation, water bodies building materials and Urban Fabric. At the end of this study, a simplified evaluation and comparison between contemporary and traditional house are given.

He Challenges of National e-ID for Kurdistan Region government for Multi-purposes

he Challenges of National e-ID for Kurdistan Region government for Multi-purposes

The effect of marketing and innovative capability on developing new products An exploratory study of a sample of opinions of the directors of telecommunications companies in the Kurdistan Region government

يهدف هذا البحث إلى اختبار أثر القدرات التسويقية والقدرات الابداعية على تطوير المنتجات الجديدة. ولقياس اثر كل من القدرات التسويقية والابداعية في قطاع الاتصالات في اقليم كردستان تم تصميم استبانة لهذا الغرض وزعت على عينة تتكون من خمس شركات، حيث تم توزيع 272 استبانة صالحة للتحليل، ولاختبار فرضيات البحث تم استخدام تحليل الارتباط بين متغيرات البحث بالاضافة الى تحليل الانحدار المتعدد. ويحاول البحث الإجابة على التساؤل التالي: ما طبيعة الأثر بين القدرات التسويقية و الابداعية علي تطوير المنتجات الجديدة وصولا إلى تحقيق ميزة تنافسية في قطاع الأعمال. ومن أهم النتائج التي تم التوصل إليها: هناك ارتباط موجب بين أبعاد القدرات التسويقية مجتمعة والقدرات الابداعية مجتمعة على تطوير المنتجات الجديدة، كما ان هناك اثر معنوي لهتين القدرتين على تطوير المنتجات الجديدة. وهذا يظر واضحا من خلال امكانية هتين المقدرتين على تفسير ما نسبنه 38% من تطوير المنتجات الجديدة في المؤسسات المبحوثة وفقا لتقييم عينة البحث. ومن اهم التوصيات التي نتجت عن البحث هي ضرورة الاعتماد على القدرات التسويقية بمختلف ابعادها، الى جانب الاهتمام بالقدرات الابداعية من اجل الاستجابة لحاجات ورغبات الزبائن المتجددة من خلال تطوير منتجات جديدة تلائم حاجات الزبائن وتحقق ميزة تنافسية في الاسواق. پوحتە ئامانجی ئەم تویژینەوە یە بۆ دیاری كردنی كاریگە ری توانای بازاڕگەری و توانای داهینانە لە سەر گە شەی بەرهەمی نوێ.وە بۆ پێوانە كردنی توانای بازاڕگەری و داهێنان لە كە رتی پە یوەندیەكان لە هە رێمی كوردستان ، بۆ ئەم مە بە ستە فۆڕمی ڕاپرسی دابەش كرا بەسەر پێنج دامەزراوە، وە (272) فۆڕم بۆ ئەم مەبەستە دابەشكرا كە گونجاو بوو بۆ شیكردنەوە ، وە هەڵسەنگاندنی ئەگەرەكان ی توێژینەوە شیكاری (پیك بە ست) بە كار هێنرا بۆ گۆڕاوەكانی تویژینەوە لەگەڵ(الانحدار المتعدد) وە توێژینەوە هەوڵدەدات بۆ وە ڵامدانەوەی : سروشتی ئەو كاریگەریە لە نێوان توانای بازاڕگەری و داهێنان لە سەر گەشەی بەرهەمی نوێ‌ بۆ بەدەستهێنانی كی بركێی ئاست بەرز لە بواری كاركردن.لە گرنگ ترین دەرئەنجامە كان كە پێی گەشتوین :بونی پەیوەندی ئەرێنی لە نێوان توانای كۆكراوەی بازاڕگەری و توانای كۆكراوەی داهێنان لە سەر گەشەی بەرهەمی نوێ‌ ، وە بونی پەیوەندی مەعنوی بۆ ئەم توانایە لە سەربەرهەمی نوێ ، وەدەردەكەوی توانای تەواوی ئەم دوو گۆراوە لە سە ر شیكاری بە ڕێژەی 38% لە سەر گەشەی بەرهەمی نوێ‌ لە سەر دامەزراوە كانی پەیوەندی بە پێی نمونەی توێژینەوە ، وە گرنگترین پێشنیار گرنگی دان بە هەردوو تواناكان لە بواری بازاڕگەری بە هەموو پێكهینەرەكانیانەوە، وەگرنگی دان بە داهێنان لە بواری پەیوەندی بۆ پڕكردنەوەی پێداویستی جۆراوجۆری بەكاربەران بۆ بەرهەمی نوێ كە بگونجێ لە گەڵ خواست و كێبركێ ی بازاڕ سنوری توێژینەوە (شوین):كە رتی پەیوەندی لە هەرێمی كوردستان. سنوری تویژینەوە (كات) : ماوەی دوومانگ لە دە ست پێكردنەوە

Toward Data Protection laws and code of conduct in Kurdistan region government

Toward Data Protection laws and code of conduct in Kurdistan region government

The State Fact of the Rural Area of the Kurdistan Regional Government

The rural area of Kurdistan region has specific characteristics and faces many challenges. The rural space of Kurdistan is affected by poverty, and the farmers are dealing with many problems and they hardly survive. The Kurdistan Region is located SW of Asia and NE of Iraq and is composed of three governorates: Erbil (Hawler), Suleimani, and Duhok, located within the northern part of the Federal Republic of Iraq (Iraqi Constitution, Article 62). Â The aim of the paper is to analyze the current situation of the rural region of KRG (Kurdistan Region Government) in order to propose new solution for sustainable development of the area. For the purpose of the paper a survey was conducted during June-September 2012. The collected data were analyzed for each of the three governorates, and for each of the precipitation zones (A zone and B zone). The results of the field research show that the rural population of Kurdistan has an average age less than 26 years old. And at the same time is highly suffering from a lack of education which is higher in the case of older people. More than a quarter (28.45%) is illiterate, while almost 30% graduated only the primary school, meaning that they having the basic knowledge of reading and writing. The number of people not educated in zone B is one quarter higher than in zone A. The results of the survey revealed the necessity for improving the specific conditions for sustainable development in the research area.

Natural gas sweetening process simulation and optimization: A case study of Khurmala field in Iraqi Kurdistan region

Natural gas is the most important and popular fossil fuel in the current era and future as well. However, because the natural gas is existed in deep underground reservoirs so it may contain several non-hydrocarbon components for example, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide. These impurities are undesirable compounds and cause several technical problems for example, corrosion and environment pollution. Recently, the Iraqi Kurdistan region has achieved huge development in many fields for example, education, economic and oil and gas industry. In fact, Khurmala dome is located in southwest Erbil- Kurdistan region. The Kurdistan region government has paid great attention for this dome to provide the fuel for Kurdistan region. However, the Khurmala associated natural gas is currently flaring at the field. Moreover, nowadays there is a plan to recover and trade this gas and to use it either as feedstock to power station or to sell it in global market. However, the laboratory analysis has showed that the Khurmala natural gas has huge quantities of H2S about (5.3%) and CO2 about (4.4%). Therefore, this study aims to simulate the prospective Khurmala gas sweetening process by using the latest version of Aspen HYSYS V.7.3 program. Moreover, the simulation work is adopted amine gas sweetening process by using DEA solution and it achieved high acid gases removal for instance, H2S concentration in sweet gas stream was about 4 ppm at (400 m3/h) amine circulation rate. In addition, the simulation work is also achieved process optimization by using several amine types and blends for example, MEA and MDEA. It also examined some of the critical amine process factors for each amine type for example, amine circulation rate and amine concentration. Moreover, the optimization work found that the use of (DEA 35% w/w) may consider the most recommended process.

Natural Gas Dehydration Process Simulation and Optimization: A Case Study of Khurmala Field in Iraqi Kurdistan Region

Natural gas is the most popular fossil fuel in the current era and future as well. Natural gas is existed in underground reservoirs so it may contain many of non-hydrocarbon components for instance, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen and water vapor. These impurities are undesirable compounds and cause several technical problems for example, corrosion and environment pollution. Therefore, these impurities should be reduce or removed from natural gas stream. Khurmala dome is located in southwest Erbil-Kurdistan region. The Kurdistan region government has paid great attention for this dome to provide the fuel for Kurdistan region. However, the Khurmala associated natural gas is currently flaring at the field. Moreover, nowadays there is a plan to recover and trade this gas and to use it either as feedstock to power station or to sell it in global market. However, the laboratory analysis has showed that the Khurmala sour gas has huge quantities of H2S about (5.3%) and CO2 about (4.4%). Indeed, Khurmala gas sweetening process has been removed in previous study by using Aspen HYSYS. However, Khurmala sweet gas still contents some quintets of water about 23 ppm in sweet gas stream. This amount of water should be removed or reduced. Indeed, water content in natural gas cause several technical problems such as hydrates and corrosion. Therefore, this study aims to simulate the prospective Khurmala gas dehydration process by using Aspen HYSYS V. 7.3 program. Moreover, the simulation process succeed in reducing the water content to less than 0.1 ppm. In addition, the simulation work is also achieved process optimization by using several desiccant types for example, TEG and DEG and it also study the relationship between absorbents type and its circulation rate with HCs losses from glycol regenerator tower. Keywords—Aspen Hysys, Process simulation, gas dehydration, process optimization.

The Kurdish quasi-state: development and dependency in post-Gulf War Iraq

Explains the nature of the Kurdish north transformation, once an isolated outpost for the Iraqi army and local militia, now an internationally recognized autonomous region, and how it has influenced the relationship between the Kurdistan region and Iraq's central government. The book shows how foreign aid has helped to create and sustain the Kurdish quasi-state, and argues that the generous nature of external assistance to the Kurdistan region over time has given it new forms of legitimacy and leverage in the country.