Kurdish Children Research Articles

Family History of Stuttering among Kurdish Children Who Stutter Near the Age of Onset.

The family history of stuttering is one of the most important factors for the prediction of recovery from stuttering. There is a high controversy about the rate of positive family history of stuttering among people who stutter (PWS). In the present study, the family history of stuttering in the first-, second-, and third-degree relatives was investigated among a group of Kurdish children who stuttered (CWS) close to the onset of the disorder. One hundred and seventy-two CWS, including 46 females (24.60%) aged 2-5 years (mean age: 3.71 years, SD = 0.75) were consecutively recruited. They were first examined close to the onset of the stuttering. Data about current and former stuttering among first-, second-, and third-degree relatives were collected using interviews with both parents. Data was described and analyzed by independent sample t test or Chi-square. Among 172 CWS (mean age: 3.71 years, SD = 0.75), 119 (69.20%) reported a family history of stuttering. According to the result, the most family history of stuttering was reported among third-degree relatives (32.60%). Sixty-five participants (37.80%) reported just one relative with stuttering. CWS with a positive family history of stuttering had no significant difference with CWS without a positive family history of stuttering in sex (P = 0.48) and age of stuttering onset (P = 0.96). The rate of positive family history of stuttering among Kurdish CWS is similar to previously reported data in the same age group. There was no significant association of family history of stuttering with sex and age on the onset of the disorder.

Motor Development of Children in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: Parent Survey.

The actual literature highlights the importance of the socio-cultural context in the development of children. However, there is a lack of specific evidence about the middle East, especially regarding the development of Kurdish children who are living in a post-war scenario, in a country which is experiencing continuous instability due to the different crises. The main aim of this study is to identify the features of the motor development of Kurdish children according to parents' opinion. A comparison with Italian children is provided as a Western example, which reflects data from the literature. In the study, 331 parents of Kurdish and Italian children aged between 3 and 7 years were involved. Parents filled the questionnaire at kindergartens, after providing consent. The questionnaire was conceptualized, designed, tested and provided ad hoc for this study; it focused on the timing of development, concerning major milestones like head control, sitting and standing-up. The questionnaire consists of 15 questions and has not been standardized yet. A logistic regression showed several differences between Kurdish and Italian children, like head control (p = 0.007) or the manipulation of big objects (p < 0.0001). These results identify the effect of the socio-cultural context and the impact of the growing environment of the child. Moreover, the results of this survey show the need for introducing different adapted, translated and validated assessment tools for motor development, considering differences related to the socio-cultural context.

Cross-Cultural Comparison of Fundamental Movement Skills of Children of Iranian Ethnicities.

Cross-cultural studies can provide information on how different cultural contexts, lifestyles, and physical activity play a role in the development of motor skills. We aimed at a cross-cultural comparison of fundamental movement skills of children of Iranian ethnicities. The statistical population included boys and girls aged 7 to 9 years from the centers of Tehran (Persian), Lorestan (Lor), Khuzestan (Arab) and Kurdistan (Kurdish) provinces in 2021 year. Overall, 240 people (60 from each province) participated in this research as a sample. Ulric Gross Motor development test (2000) was used to measure the Fundamental Movement skills. Results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that the main effect of culture (ethnicity) and interaction of culture and gender on Loco motor and object control skills were significant (P=0/001). In the total score of fundamental movement skills, the results showed that boys children scored significantly higher than girls (P=0/001). Moreover, Lor and Kurdish children significantly performed better than Fars and Arab children (P=0/001), but no significant difference was observed between the other ethnicities (P=0/452). Differences in the levels of fundamental movement skills of children of different ethnicities may be due to different physical and cultural activities, attitudes, and motor habits.

Stateless in School: The ‘discomfort’ of Kurdish asylum seekers

ABSTRACT The lives of children seeking asylum and refuge are complex; invariably both transnational and intersectional. Their educational needs and schooling experiences are often overlooked or lack nuanced understandings. This article focusses on Kurdish children seeking asylum in Germany. Qualitative data is presented to uncover the perceptions and understandings of schools, teachers and parents of children living through their unique educational experiences. These narratives are nestled within a macro context of worldwide forced migration and how formal education is responding to this but also the geo-political context of Kurdish statelessness. The analysis reveals that the children were spatially, culturally, linguistically, racially, socially and politically marginalised. This was both implicit and explicit; embedded within policy and practice. The study highlights the school as a prime location where racial identity and asylum seeking intersects with the multiple realities of childhood, migration, and education.

Elaeddîn Seccadî û Nirxandina Çîrokên Wî Yên Ji Bo Zarok û Nûciwanan Li Gor Pîvanên Edebîyata Zarokan

Edebîyata zarok û nûciwanan weku binbeşeke edebîyata modern digel vebûna dibistanên modern dest pê kir û amanca sereke di serî da her çiqas perwerdekirina zarokan û hînkirina wan a xwendinê be jî îroj bi gelek rîş û şaxên xwe ev celeb edebîyat bûye qadeke berfireh û pirberhem. Ji ber ku mafê Kurdan ê perwerdeyê heya îroj jî nehatîye dayîn yan jî lokal û parçekirî bûye, xwînerîya di temenê zarokatîyê da jî gelek qels maye. Bivê nevê vê yekê tesîreke nerênî li geşekirina edebîyata zarokan a bi Kurdî kirîye. Digel vê tesîra nerênî bi taybetî li başûrê Kurdistanê ji ber hebûna perwerdeyê ya bi zimanê Kurdî hin rê û derî li pêş afirandina vê qadê vebûne xisûsen ji alîyê helbest û çîrokan ve. Di nûserîya çîrokên zarokan da Elaeddîn Seccadî çîroknûsekî pêşeng e ku bûye mijara vê meqaleyê. Wî di salên 1940î da şeş çîrok bo zarokan nivîsîne ku di vê meqaleyê da ev şeş çîrok li gorî pîvanên edebîyata zarokan hatîye nirxandin. Di encama nirxandinê da kifş bû ku Seccadî li gorî ruhê serdema xwe di nav qalibên rastbînîya şikilî ya zarokan da çîrok nivîsîne ku em bi rahetî dikarin bibêjin hemkûfê çîroknûsên neteweyên di dewra xwe da bûye.

Nutritional status of under six years old children in Kalar city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

IntroductionNutritional problems in children cause major morbidity and mortality in the world. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of under six years old children in Kalar city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.MethodsIn this longitudinal study, data from 403 Iraqi Kurdish children aged 0–72 months and their mothers were extracted from Health Centre in Kalar city undertaken between 2013 and 2019. The children`s growth data were obtained at birth time, 6, 12, 24, and 72 months. Epi Info was used to classify the children of nutritional status by converting the anthropometric measurements into Z-scores. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 software.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight and obesity rose from birth to age 6 years old, from 19.6% and 7.4% to 52.2% and 30.5%, respectively. At 24 month, children had the highest rates of being overweight (56.1%) and obesity (34%). At 6 month, the highest prevalence of wasting exists (9.5%). At 6 month boys and girls had the highest frequency of stunting, 17.2% and 7.2% respectively. Considering the association of all characteristic variables and growth data at birth time, only mothers with academic education had children with significantly higher BMI for age compared to illiterate mothers after adjusting for all potential confounders (β: 0.573, 95% CI: 0.105, 1.04, P: 0.017).ConclusionThe study suggests that some analysed factors that accounted for malnutrition in Kalar city’s children are preventable. Therefore, to reduce the burden of malnutrition, community-based education and targeted nutritional interventions are required.

Acquiring Consonant Phonemes by Kurdish Children

Natural phonology and the theory of Roman Jacobson are crucial in acquiring language phonemes. In this paper which is entitled "acquiring consonant phonemes by Kurds children", we will endeavor based on the above theories, to focus on acquiring consonant phonemes in Kurdish language from age two years and a month to the age of six years and 5 months. We will also review the studies and methods that deal with acquiring language phonemes. The importance of this study is to find out at what age do the Kurds children obtains all consonant phonemes, or what are the difficult phonemes for Kurds children which acquire them at a later time. Is there a gender difference in acquiring phonemes among children? The present paper beside these objectives also aims at catching the interests of those who investigate Kurdish language, in order to conduct more research’s on this matter especially children phonology to determine the natural development of children language.

The Impact of Learning Kurdish ‘Mother-Tongue’ in London on Mainstream Education

This study investigates the impact of a group of Kurdish children learning their mother-tongue, in two Kurdish Saturday schools in North London, and particularly the impact on the children’s integration into mainstream schooling. There are some historical issues surrounding ethnic minority children’s education that have been labelled as problematic towards their educational achievements in the United Kingdom. The responsibility of teaching the mother-tongue to those children takes place formally in supplementary or Saturday schools in their community rather than in mainstream schools. Many researches have revealed that learning their mother tongue is beneficial for children in general. In particular, this research focuses on the impacts on Kurdish children in mainstream education, since the number of children from diverse backgrounds is increasing, including the number of children from the Kurdish community. Mixed method research has been undertaken to examine this issue, including a semi- structured questionnaire and group interview used to collect data, as this research depended on students’ as well as parents’ views in integrating their child in some state schools. The findings revealed that learning the mother-tongue is beneficial for children from diverse backgrounds and that supplementary schools play a vital role in learning the mother-tongue on children’s attitude in mainstream education.

Value of mean platelets volume in children with familial mediterranean fever: A case–control prospective study from Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

BACKGROUND: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is characterized by a rise in acute phase reactants (APRs) during the attacks and occasionally in between the attacks. Although mean platelet volume (MPV) is generally not changed, low MPV could be used as an inflammatory marker in FMF and as an indicator of other diseases. This prospective case–control study was carried out in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, to assess MPV in Kurdish children with different FMF mutations during and in-between the attacks versus healthy controls.PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 2011 to 2020, 56 gene-positive FMF patients (Group I) and 60 healthy controls (Group II) were enrolled. Besides the routine APRs, MPV was measured in both groups and categorized into low (<7 fl), normal (7–11 fl) and high (>11 fl). Informed consents from all participants and ethical institutional approval were obtained.RESULTS: Group I age range was 23 months to 16 years with a male to female ratio of 1.8:1 while Group II age ranged from 21 months to 15 years with a male to female ratio of 1.4:1. MPV was normal in (n = 44, 78.6%) of Group I versus (n = 44, 73.3%) of Group II (P = 0.05); low in (n = 8, 14.3%) of Group I versus (n = 4, 6.7%) of Group II (P = 0.05) and high in (n = 4, 7.1%) of Group I versus (n = 4, 6.7%) of Group II (P = 0.05). Low MPV values were relatively more frequent among the homozygotes (n = 4, 50%) and complex heterozygotes (n = 2, 25%) (P = 0.003).CONCLUSION: The current study showed that MPV was not statistically different between FMF patients and controls, while abnormal MPVs were associated with specific genotypes that may indicate coexistent problems.

Association study of polymorphisms at A66G (rs1801394) of MTRR gene and autism spectrum disorders in a Kurdish population

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that are distinguished by the inability in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behavior pattern. One of the etiologic factors of the disease is believed to be methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) A66G polymorphism, which participates in homocysteine (Hcy)/folate metabolism. The aim of this study was to explore the link between polymorphism A66G (rs1801394) of MTRR and susceptibility of Kurdish autistic children to develop ASD in Iraq. In this study, 200 samples were included and divided into two equal groups: 100 autistic and 100 control children. After extraction of genomic DNA, the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) was performed. Our results showed that a significant association between heterozygote and homozygote variants (AG vs. AA: OR = 3.333, 95%CI: 1.723 to 6.449; P = 0.0004) and (GG vs. AA: OR = 2.500, 95%CI: 1.362 to 18.35; P = 0.021) respectively, when compared with wild homozygote. Also, this study demonstrated a statistical difference in the frequencies of the two alleles in MTRR A66G (G vs. A: OR = 1.857, 95%CI: 1.243 to 2.775; P = 0.003). Our study revealed that the polymorphism of MTRR A66G genotypes and alleles could influence the ASD susceptibility among Kurdish children in Erbil, Iraq.

Penalisation of Kurdish children under the Turkish Anti-Terror Law: Abandonment, sovereignty and lawfare

This article explores how the disproportionate penalisation of Kurdish minors under the Turkish Anti-Terror Law informs their political imagination and experiences of the Turkish state. By depriving Kurdish children of the rights to which they are otherwise entitled as minor citizens of Turkey, the Anti-Terror Law takes the form of a vertical relation of abandonment that excludes children from the law’s protection. Drawing on ethnographic research I conducted in a south-eastern town of Turkey bordering Syria, I contextualise the abandonment of Kurdish children within Turkey’s growing lawfare, whereby the Turkish state resorts to criminal prosecutions and mass incarceration as means to discipline the populace. Kurdish children’s abandonment in the midst of lawfare encourages a wide range of social groups to exert control and harm on them with impunity behind and beyond bars. The resultant web of constant punishment and surveillance reinforces the image of the lawmaker as an omnipotent entity that, children come to believe, haunts them on a daily basis. Abstract in Kurmanji Cezakirina zarokên kurd di bin hiqûqa dij-terorî ya tirk de: Terkandin, serwerî û nelihevkirina demdirêj Ev gotar dixwaze lêbikole ka çawa cezakirina bênisbet a zarokên kurd a bi rêya Hiqûqa Dij-Terorî ya Tirk tesewir û tecrubeya wan a dewleta tirk berçav dike. Bi mehrûmkirina zarokên kurd ji mafên wan, ên ku di rewşa asayî de weke hemwelatiyên piçûk ên Tirkiyeyê tên qebûlkirin, Hiqûqa Dij-Terorî formeke têkiliya tîkane a terkandinê digre ku zarokan derveyî parastina hiqûqê dihêle. Li gor lêkolîna etnografîk a min li navçeyeke başûr-rojhilatê Tirkiyeyê yê nêzîkî sînorê Sûriyeyê kirî, ez terkandina zarokên kurd di nav nelihevkirina demdirêj ya Tirkiyeyê de bicih dikim, bi rêya ku dewleta tirk serî li darizandinên tawanbar û zindankirinên giştî dide weke amûrên dîsîplînkirina gel. Terkandina zarokên kurd di nav nelihevkirina demdirêj de grûbên civakî yên cûr bi cûr teşwîq dike ku kontrol û zirara xwe bigihînin wan bi rêya bêcezakirina li û pişt zindanê. Di encama tora ceza û kontrolên daîmî de wêneyê qanûndaneran weke hebûneke qadir, zarok wisa bawer dikin, bi rojane museletê wan dibe. Abstract in Sorani Szadanî mindallanî kurd le sayey yasay dje-tîrorî turkî: Desberdarbûn, serwerî û yasayî Em wtare lewe dekollêtewe ke çon szadanî nahawsenganey mêrmindallanî kurdî le sayey yasay djetîrorî turkda xeyall û ezmûnî ewan beramber dewlletî turk arayîşdedat. Be bêbeşkirdnî mindallanî kurd lew mafaney ke debwaye wek hawullatîyekî mêrmindallî turkya lêy behremend bin, yasay dje tîror şêwey peywendyekî stûnî desberdarbûn werdegrêt ke mindall dexate derewey parastinî yasayî . Hellêncan leser bnemay twêjîneweyekî îtnografî ke min le şaroçkeyekî başurî rojhellatî turkyay hawsinûrî surya encamim dawe, min destberdarkirdnî mindallanî kurd le naw yasay geşesendûy turkya dexeme syaqî ewey dewlletî turk wek dîspilînî cemawerî pena bo dadgay tawan û szadanî cemawer debat. Wedernanî mindallanî kurd le naw berrey yasa da, hanî grupgelî frawanî komellayetî dedat ta be parêzbendîyewe le pişt dîwarî bendîxane û ledereweyda kontrolyan bken û zyanyan pê bgeyenin. Torrî encamgîrî ew sza û çawdêrîye berdewame ew wênaye behêz dekat ke yasadaner desellatdarêkî rehaye, mindallanîş degene ew bawerrey ke rojane twanay rawkirdnî ewanî heye. Abstract in Zazaki Cezakerdişê domananê kurdan binê qanûnê verba terorî yê Tirkîya: teriknayîş, serdestî û qanûntacizîye Na meqale cigêrayîş kena ke nereşîdê kurdan senî bi hewayêko bênîsbet binê qanûnê verba terorî yê Tirkîya de ceza benê û no cezakerdiş senî xeyal û tecrubeyanê înan ê sîyasîyan bi dewleta Tirkîya ser o tesîr keno. Heqê ke normal de hemwelatîyê Tirkîya yê nereşîdî wayîrê înan ê, domanê kurdan ci ra bêpar yenê verdayene. Wina qanûnê verba terorî keweno şekilê têkilîya teriknayîşî ya tîkanîye ke bi no hewa domanan sitara qanûnî ra teber keno. Bi bingeyê cigêrayîşê etnografîkî ke mi sînorê Sûrîye şaristanêkê başûrê rojhelatê Tirkîya de kerd, ez teriknayîşê domananê kurdan çarçeweya binpaykerdişê qanûnî ke Tirkîya de her aver şono, tede qayîtê ci kena. Nê binpaykerdişê qanûnî de dewleta Tirkîya xo şanena taqîbatê cezayî û komhepiskerdişî ke wina şarî dîsîple bikero. Domanê kurdan ke mîyanê prosesanê qanûnî de teriknîyenê, no teriknayîş cesaret dano tewir-tewir grûbanê komelkîyan ke bandura xo domanan ser o ronê yan zî înan rê zerar bidê, bê ke nê grûbî zere yan zî teber ra ceza bibê. Netîceyê na torra ceza û nezaretî ya timine de, çimê domanan de qanûnviraştoxî benê çîyo ke her çî eşkeno bikero û her roje beno musalatê înan.

TGF-β1polymorphism is an inflammatory disease specifier in autism spectrum disorders?

BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuropsychological condition that affects brain development causing children suffers from social interaction problems, impairment in language and expression, and exhibit excessive repetitive behaviors. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) polymorphisms play a significant part in disease development and progression. The objective of this study is to investigate the involvement of TGF-β1 polymorphism in the development of ASD at two positions; codon 10 and codon 25 in particular. MethodFor this study, 80 samples were collected using sequence-specific primed polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR-SSP), divided into two groups, 40 autistic children and 40 controls of matched age and gender. ResultThis study showed that there is no association between TGF-β1 codon 10 and ASD, but a significant association of TGFβ1 in codon 25 and development of ASD. ConclusionThe polymorphism of TGFβ1 at codon 25 could play an important role in the developing and progressing of ASD among Kurdish children in Erbil, Iraq.

Permanent Maxillary and Mandibular Central Incisor Width as Predictor of Permanent Maxillary Canine Width in a Kurdish Population: A Pilot Study.

Background: Estimation of the mesio-distal width of permanent maxillary canines (PMCs) is a critical part of mixed dentition space analysis. The aim of this pilot study is to find a specific prediction equation for the estimation of the mesio-distal width of PMCs depending on the width of permanent maxillary and mandibular central incisors (PMMCIs) in a Kurdish population. Methods: A hundred study casts were collected. The mesio-distal widths of the PMMCIs and PMCs were measured by digital caliper. Linear regression tests were applied to find the prediction equation using the sum width of PMMCIs as predictors. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 17.2 ± 2.39 years old. Statistically significant differences in the mesio-distal widths of PMMCIs and PMCs were found between males and females (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, statistically significant correlations were identified between the widths of PMMCIs and PMCs in both males (r = 0.633, p = 0.0001) and females (r = 0.717, p = 0.0001). Likewise, the mesio-distal width of PMMCIs was found to be a significant predictor of the width of PMCs in both males (R2 = 0.403, p = 0.0001) and females (R2 = 5.14, p = 0.0001). Conclusion: For the first time, regression equations were developed for a Kurdish population and can be useful as a part of a mixed dentition space analysis in Kurdish children.

Becoming a girl and boy: preschool children’s construction of gender roles in the community and nursery

ABSTRACT This paper examines Kurdish preschool children’s construction of gender roles. This research uses the concept of funds of knowledge to analyse how children draw on household and community knowledge in constructing gender roles in a nursery, Turkey. The data includes participant observations, audio and video recordings of interactions between the teacher and children in the nursery. This research shows that the children position their gender roles according to the values and expectations of their minority community. It is illustrated that gender constructions are performative (Butler, J. [1999]. Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. London: Reoutledge.), rather than biological constructs. The paper also suggests that we should not use the concept of funds of knowledge uncritically in favour of making the household knowledge of ethnic minorities apparent in the classroom.

Dental and Maxillofacial Findings in Cerebral Palsy Children from Sulaimani City: Assessment for Unmet Dental Needs

Objective: This study was carried out, aiming to analyze the frequency and factors related to dental and maxillofacial findings, caries experience, and oral hygiene status among Kurdish Children with Cerebral Palsy in Sulaimani governorate. &#x0D; Methods: This cross-sectional study included 100 cerebral palsy children. They were subjected to extra and intraoral examination for dental and maxillofacial changes after obtaining medical and dental histories. The mean DMF/dmf index, significant caries index, met need index (MNI), restorative index (RI), and simplified oral hygiene index, were recorded. Independent t-test, Chi-square tests, and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data, and P-value &lt; 0.05 considered significant.&#x0D; Results: Nearly half of our cerebral palsy children were delivered by Cesarean section, diagnosed after birth with jaundice and had mental retardation. The premature delivery associated with cerebral palsy types (P=.006). Extra-oral features were normal in 41% of children. Hypertelorism was the predominant facial finding (48%), and 55% showed malocclusion (class II &amp; III). Dental caries was observed in 55% of the patients, mostly in the primary dentition (mean dmft index =3.18) and the significant caries index =8.69. The MNI (=0.455) and RI (=0.412) were higher in the permanent dentition. The majority of children had good oral hygiene. No correlation was found between cerebral palsy and the studied parameters.&#x0D; Conclusions: Children with cerebral palsy showed a high incidence of dental caries in primary dentition, malocclusion, and surprisingly good oral hygiene, but none of which was correlated to any type of cerebral palsy.

LEARNING DISABILITY AND SPEECH DISORDER AMONG TODDLERS: A CASE STUDY ON KURDISH PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN

For decades, scholars and linguists in Iraqi Kurdistan studied on University students. However, a few types of research could be found in the area of language disability among Kurdish children. This research tried to clarify and illustrate the impact of those factors that have the main role in enhancing children and evoke them while they are in the phase of learning to talk. It also tried to show disorders as infants have, and to find out the most effective factor, which helps infants to learn to talk soon. The participants in this research were teachers at two different primary schools in Sulaymaniya. Moreover, two methods of data collection were used in this study (questionnaire and interview). Additionally, thirty teachers took part in the questionnaire; additionally, fifteen teachers took part in the demographic section and three mothers in the interview section. The finding of this research showed that toddlers had positive views about the effect of reading stories by their parents. They found that it was helpful for toddlers. In addition, the effectiveness of parents’ role on children`s talking was found out in this research. On the other hand, the impact of genders on infants was also carried out in this study. The most important finding of this research was the effectiveness of telling the original names of items to infants by their parents. In addition, mothers could positively enhance the children’s ability to talk and learn sooner than those whose parents did not talk to them much or they had quiet parents.

A Perception of First Language Acquisition with Reference to Gender in Kurdish children as an example in Rawandwz district

A Perception of First Language Acquisition with Reference to Gender in Kurdish children as an example in Rawandwz district

Individual Differences in Executive Function: The Role of Parental Monitoring as a Moderator

Objective: Parental monitoring is a factor which affects verbal and nonverbal inhibition components of children’s executive functions.,. Method: 112 sixth-grade Kurdish children (mean age: 11 years 5 months) participated in the study. Children were matched on level of hyperactivity. Parents completed the Parental Monitoring Assessment (PMA) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Children completed theStop-Signal task, Modified Opposite Worlds and a challenging star puzzle in order to assess executive function components. PROCESS analysis was also used to perform the moderation analysis. Results: Children characterized by poor parental monitoring had deficits in inhibitory control and had significantly slower processing speeds and made significantly more errors than their matched controls. Furthermore, children with high levels of hyperactivity had difficulties in inhibitory control, accuracy, processing speed, and task persistence compared with the control group.Contrary to our prediction, there were no significant differences in reaction times compared with the control group. PROCESS analysis showed a significant moderating role of parental monitoring in the association between each of accuracy, verbal inhibition, and task persistence with hyperactivity. Conclusion: the current study suggests that, similar to hyperactivity, children with poor parental monitoring appear to have difficulties in executive function.

Kurdish Children' Literature İn The North

This study analyses the Kurdish children' literature in the North. The goal is to show works which about kurdish children's literature in the North. First, the definitions of child, childhood and children's literature have been explained. Then about history of Kurdish children's literature some informations are given. Kurdish children's literature when started and who has written for the children is also mentioned. Kurdish writers, poet and intellectuals who work for children in the North are introduced. Kurdish children' magazines and publishers that publish Kurdish children's books in the North also been the subject of this article.

Kurdish Children' Literature Ä°n The North

This study analyses the Kurdish children' literature in the North. The goal is to show works which about kurdish children's literature in the North. First, the definitions of child, childhood and children's literature have been explained. Then about history of Kurdish children's literature some informations are given. Kurdish children's literature when started and who has written for the children is also mentioned. Kurdish writers, poet and intellectuals who work for children in the North are introduced. Kurdish children' magazines and publishers that publish Kurdish children's books in the North also been the subject of this article.