Kolmogorov-Smirnov Research Articles

Cyberbullying in school environments: analyzing sociodemographic factors in Spanish students in the context of physical education

INTRODUCTION. Cyberbullying is a growing problem of great social concern. Today’s students face a major cyber threat, despite being more connected than ever before. This insidious behavior can have serious consequences for the mental health and academic performance of those affected. Knowing that Physical Education has a direct impact on these behaviors, the aim of this study is to analyze cyberbullying in the physical education classroom based on nine sociodemographic variables and 22 questions from the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire in a sample of 1232 Spanish students (aged 8 to 18 years). METHODS. A non-probabilistic convenience-based method was used to determine the sample size. To validate the assumption of normality in the statistical analysis, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. Non-parametric tests were used when this assumption was not met. The same variables were examined as in the differences according to the questionnaire items, in addition to five nominal sociodemographic questions differentiated according to the two dimensions of the questionnaire. Significant differences were observed between groups. The correlation between the dimension scores and the four continuous demographic questions was then examined using Spearman’s rho test. Finally, Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess the internal consistency. RESULTS. Although there are determinant variables of cyberbullying, sex did not seem to be one of them, although other studies have shown a wide range of results, establishing that context determines this behavior. Age and school cycle have more homogeneous evidence in this aspect, both in victimization and in the aggressor part. Access to smartphones and the Internet play a determining role. CONCLUSIONS. This study found that several factors influence cyberbullying. It would be interesting if prevention and educacommunicationprograms with respect to new information technologies were approved in administrations and school institutions, as well as detailing how harmful this type of abuse and others can be.

Interest of Immature Platelet Fraction (IPF) in the Etiological Diagnosis of Thrombocytopenia.

Background: Thrombocytopenia is a common hematological abnormality with diverse etiologies, including peripheral platelet destruction and central production failure. The Immature Platelet Fraction (IPF) is a new parameter that quantifies reticulated platelets and provides an indication of the quality of thrombopoiesis. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of IPF in distinguishing thrombocytopenia etiologies. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 thrombocytopenic patients for over two months at the Hematology Laboratory of Arrazi Hospital, Marrakesh. IPF was measured using a Sysmex XE-5000 analyzer. Statistical analyses included the Mann-Whitney U test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves to determine the IPF cutoff values and diagnostic accuracy. Results: The cohort included 46,7% males and 53,3% females, with a median age of 44 years. The median IPF was 8,0% [1.5–40,6%], with significantly higher values for peripheral thrombocytopenia (9,5%) than for central thrombocytopenia (6,0%; p = 0.019). ROC analysis yielded an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0,65, with a cutoff value of 8,1% (sensitivity, 65,9%; specificity, 78,6%). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test confirmed significant differences in distribution between the groups (p = 0,003). Conclusion: IPF provides significant insights into thrombocytopenia etiologies, with higher levels observed in peripheral cases. While its moderate discriminatory capacity suggests the need for complementary diagnostic tools such as bone marrow aspiration in central thrombocytopenia. IPF remains a promising marker for improving the diagnostic accuracy in thrombocytopenia management. Standardization of cutoff values and larger studies are needed to refine its clinical application.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Nearpod Terhadap Kemampuan Numerasi

This research aims to determine the effect of using nearpod media on numeracy abilities. This research uses a quasi-quantitative experimental method with a posttest-only control design. Subjects were taken using a purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 64. The instrument used was 5 questions which had been tested for validity and reliability and had been declared valid and reliable in the high category. Furthermore, the results of data analysis were carried out using SPSS 27. The test results using Kolmogorov Smirnov were declared normal with a value of 0.20 and the Levene statistics results were declared homogeneous with a value of 0.81. Then hypothesis testing was carried out and obtained significant results that there was an influence between the use of nearpod media and numeracy abilities. The effect size in this study was 0.57 with the criteria being moderate or quite influential. It is hoped that teachers in schools can also implement interactive learning, one of which is the use of nearpod media

Comparison of Physical Activity, Functional Capacity and Quality of Life between Older Patients with Chronic Comorbidities and Healthy Peers: A Case of the State Hospital

Aim: This study aimed to compare physical activity (PA), functional capacity (FC), and quality of life (QoL) among older patients with chronic comorbidities and their healthy peers in a state hospital setting. Material and Methods: A total of 148 older adults, divided into groups of obesity, hypertension (HT), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and healthy, with 37 participants in each group, were included. PA, FC, and QoL were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and the SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire, respectively. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test assessed variable distribution. Continuous variables were compared with one-way ANOVA, discrete variables with the Kruskal-Wallis test, and categorical variables with the chi-square test. Bonferroni and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for post-hoc pairwise comparisons. Results: The obesity group exhibited significantly lower PA and FC compared to all other groups (p=0.044). The QoL of the obesity group was also significantly lower than that of the HT and healthy groups (p=0.017). The HT group had significantly higher PA compared to the T2D group (p=0.046), with no significant difference between the HT and healthy groups (p=0.077). The FC in the HT group was significantly higher than in the T2D group (p=0.043) but not different from the healthy group (p=0.074). The QoL was significantly higher in the HT group compared to the T2D group (p=0.017), with no significant difference between the HT and healthy groups (p=0.803). The T2D group had significantly lower PA, FC, and QoL compared to the healthy group (p=0.040). Conclusion: PA, FC, and QoL were lowest in the obese group. Older patients with T2D also showed lower levels in these parameters compared to HT and healthy groups, though no significant differences were found between the HT and healthy peers.

Correlational analysis of gender, professional training and financial performance in restaurant companies in Mexico

This research was born with the intention of analyzing the importance of professional training, as well as the gender of people who run restaurant companies in two States of Mexico. To meet the objective of the study, a quantitative research, non-experimental, and transactional design was carried out. Likewise, the study is correlational, since it seeks to study the degree of association between the behavior of gender variables, professional training and their relationship with financial performance considering the internal accounting control system and the financial internal control system. With Cronbach's alpha values above 0.5, using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test correlation coefficient using the Lilliefors significance correction. With six hypotheses, finding four of them accepted and two rejected. With very interesting results because financial performance is indistinct whether the manager is a man or a woman.

Hubungan Antara Kepercayaan Diri Dengan Keterampilan Berkomunikasi Serta Implikasi Terhadap Bimbingan Dan Konseling di SMPN 15 Bekasi

This study aims to analyze the relationship between self-confidence and communication skills. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative research. The population of this study were students of class VIII SMPN 15 Bekasi, the population was 1,095 and the number of samples of this study was 184 students. The sampling technique used the Simple random sampling technique. The instrument trial was carried out by testing the validity using person product moment, valid items of self-confidence variables were 31 and valid items of communication skills variables were 29. The calculation of reliability using Alpha Cronbach, obtained r count> r table self-confidence of 0.886> 0.6, communication skills obtained r count> r table 0.883> 0.6 then declared reliable. The prerequisite test for data analysis used was the Kolmogorov Smirnov normality test by obtaining results of 0.855 and 0.920 then declared dual normal, then the linearity test was obtained the result of 0.000 then the data was declared linear. Hypothesis testing was carried out using product moment correlation obtained r = 0.633. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between self-confidence and communication skills in class VIII students at SMPN 15 Bekasi.

Analysis of technological tools for tourism in the Pichincha province

The purpose of the research was to analyze the technological tools used by tourists visiting the province of Pichincha before and during the pandemic. The research approach is quantitative, relational and comparative with an analysis before and during the confinement. The selection of tourist attractions was based on the MINTUR guide. The population was unknown, so we worked with an infinite population. The survey technique was applied. The Kolmogorov Smirnov Normality test was used to measure the degree of concordance of the information collected. The Wilcoxon test was applied. A non-parametric test was also performed, for which the Speraman correlation coefficient was used. With the results, it was determined that the most used technological tools were the computer with 61.56% and the cell phone with 34.03% of acceptance by tourists during the pandemic. Another factor was the most used platforms, where social networks stood out with 77.92%. It is evident that during the confinement tourists made use of technological tools to search for tourist sites in the province of Pichincha

STATE OF MICROBIOCENOSY AND DEFENSIVE MECHANISMS OF THE ORAL CAVITY OF CHILDREN IN THE DYNAMICS OF OBSERVATION AFTER THE SURGERY OF TOOTH REMOVAL FOR ORTHODONTIC INDICATIONS

In children, tooth extraction is performed not only in the presence of odontogenic inflammatory processes, but also for orthodontic indications. One of the main conditions for the qualitative course of the process of epithelialization of the socket after tooth extraction is a sufficiently high level of hygiene, a certain species composition of the resident microflora and the state of the protective mechanisms of the oral cavity. The aim of the study was to identify changes in the microbiocenosis and protective reactions of the oral cavity of children after tooth extraction for orthodontic indications. Material and methods. To establish the effectiveness of prevention and treatment of complications, two observation groups were under observation: the main group (n=30), whose children were treated with the developed drug complex, and the comparison group (n=29), where the tooth extraction operation was performed without any additional actions. It should be noted that the patients involved in the study did not have concomitant somatic pathology. To prevent post-extraction complications, we proposed a method of pharmacological influence on the condition of the tissues of the maxillofacial area of orthodontic patients before the start of the surgical stage of treatment. The complex we developed is aimed at increasing the protective capabilities and normalizing the microbiocenosis of the oral cavity of children and involves the systemic use of a vitamin-mineral preparation, an immunomodulator and a probiotic at the local level. Statistical processing of the data was carried out using the methods of variation statistics using the Statistica statistical software package. The law of distribution of the studied traits was checked for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The hypothesis that the law of distribution of the sample population is normal was accepted at the significance level of α=0.05. Two samples were compared using the Student-Fisher test if the hypothesis of the normal distribution of both samples was accepted. The study was conducted in accordance with the main provisions of the Convention of the Council of Europe on Human Rights and Biomedicine (4 April 1997), the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association for the Ethical Principles of Scientific Medical Research Involving Human Subjects (1964-2013), ICH GCP (1996), Orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No.690 dated 23.09.2009, No.944 dated 14.12.2009, No.616 dated 03.08.2012. The Biomedical Ethics Commission of the Bukovinian State Medical University (Protocol No. 3 of 17 September 2021) did not find any violations of moral and legal norms during the research work. The study was performed within the framework of the research work of the Department of Paediatric Dentistry of Bukovinian State Medical University on the topic ‘Development of methods for the prevention and treatment of major dental diseases in children, taking into account the risk factors for their development’ (SR No. 0121U110122). Results. The study of oral fluid of children who underwent tooth extraction for orthodontic indications against the background of pharmacological correction showed the restoration of its protective functions (an increase in lysozyme activity by 20.52 % (p<0.05), sIgA level by 6.26 % against the background of a decrease in total protein content by 21.34 % (p<0.05) and IL-4 concentration by 21.22 % (p<0.05)) and antioxidant protection (an increase in catalase activity by 46.4 2% (p<0.05), superoxide dismutase by 15.53 %, the level of HS groups by 24.58 % (p<0.05), G-SH by 60.87 % (p<0.05), inactivation of glutathione peroxidase by 14.08 % and restoration of glutathione reductase function by 15.21 %), which ensured the course of postoperative period without complications. Conclusions. The oral microbiocenosis of children who used the agents proposed by us during the surgical stage of orthodontic treatment demonstrated quantitative and qualitative changes (the total microbial count decreased by 20.75 % (p<0.05)), the number of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria decreased by 2.09 times, Str. mutans – by 3.0 times against the background of an increase in the number of lactobacilli by 2.34 times and the complete absence of Candida species, which was a prerequisite for the normal course of the wound process.

A Morphometric Examination of The Orbita Structure in Schizophrenia Patients: A Retrospective Study

Aim: To compare the orbita anthropometric measurement values of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia with those of a healthy control group. Material and Method: The study included 156 participants as 75 schizophrenia patients and 81 healthy control subjects, all with previous cranial computed tomography imaging. The orbita morphometric values were calculated of all the participants. Statistical comparisons were made between the groups of the mean values of the measurements. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the conformity of continuous variables to normal distribution. Paired groups were compared with the Student’s t-test. Results: Statistically significantly higher left orbita height was determined in the schizophrenia patient group compared to the control group (p=0.001), and the values of the right orbita lateral wall length (p=0.042), left lateral wall length (p=0.033), and left medial wall length (p=0.014) were statisically significantly lower. Female schizophrenia patients were found to have significantly lower values of right orbita height (p=0.031), right orbita width (p=0.022), left orbita height (p=0.007), left orbita width (p=0.002), right orbita area (p

The Impact of Cavity Preparation Methods on Children's Dental Anxiety

Dental anxiety negatively influences children's behaviour in the dental office. Aim and objectives: This study aims to compare anxiety level of children during cavity preparation done by conventional rotary method vs. chemo-mechanical atraumatic method. Material and methods: 24 patients aged between 6 and 12 years, of both sexes, were included in the study. The patients were divided in two study groups. In children allocated to Group 1, the cavity preparation was done via conventional method, using rotary instrumentation – low speed handpiece and round carbide burs, while in children from Group 2, cavity preparation was done via chemo-mechanical method. The patients were asked to complete a questionnaire following the procedure, to assess dental anxiety. The answers, representing a numerical scale, were statistically analysed using the Mann-Whitney U and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Results: The results of the statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the treatment groups regarding dental anxiety. However, there were no statistically significant differences among different age groups or between sexes (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the use of the chemo-mechanical method for cavity preparation reduces dental anxiety in children, while patient's age and gender do not influence significantly dental anxiety levels.

Early effects of α7nAChR regulation on maxillary expansion in mice : Astudy on osteogenesis and inflammatory factors.

We aimed to investigate early effects of regulating alpha‑7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) agonists and antagonists on maxillary expansion in mice. We allocated 36 six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice into three group: 1) expansion alone, 2) expansion plus the α7nAChR-specific agonist 3‑(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-anabaseine dihydrochloride (GTS-21), and 3) expansion plus alpha-bungarotoxin (α-BTX), acompetitive antagonist of α7nAChR. The groups were daily injected with saline, GTS-21 (4 mg/kg/day) or α‑BTX (1 mg/kg/day), respectively, from days0-7. In addition, amouse model of maxillary expansion was established. Masson's trichrome staining was used to observe morphological changes and immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze α7nAChR, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL‑6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, runt-related transcription factor2 (RUNX2), and osteocalcin (OCN) expression in the midpalatal suture. Microcomputed tomography was used to measure midpalatal suture and palatal basal bone widths. We assessed the normal distribution of our data using the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test and evaluated the homogeneity of variance by Levene's test, followed by atwo-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests at asignificance level of P < 0.05. In the GTS-21+expansion group, osteogenesis was more active in the middle palatine suture. New bone was calcified and deposited in the suture and we observed decreased IL-1β, IL‑6, and TNF‑α expression (P < 0.05). In the α‑BTX+expansion group, we observed increased proinflammatory cytokine and decreased RUNX2 and OCN expression and increased midpalatal suture and palatal basal bone widths (P < 0.05). Using α7nAChR agonists and antagonists to regulate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, the secretion of inflammatory factors and osteoblast markers during maxillary expansion were altered, indicating the potential for clinical modulation of maxillary palatal suture expansion.

Analyzing the effect of surgical and corneal parameters on the postoperative refractive outcomes of SMILE in myopic eyes based on machine learning.

To analyze the effect of individual parameters on the postoperative refractive outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction in myopic eyes using machine learning methods. Retrospective Clinical Cohort Study METHODS: We included 477 patients (922 eyes) of small incision lenticule extraction at Tianjin Ophthalmology Hospital and divided the patients into two groups to analyzed the factors affecting postoperative refractive outcomes based on the label of postoperative spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ -0.50D. A total of 72 parameters, including 34 biomechanical parameters, 31 morphological parameters, 4 surgical related parameters, and 3 preoperative refractive parameters obtained clinically, were included as features in the XGBoost model. The XGBoost model randomly selected 42 patients (the number of patients in the group with poor refractive outcomes) from the group with good refractive outcomes and conducted 100 influential factor analysis. Normality tests were performed on the data using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, group differences were compared using independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test; the correlation between various factors and postoperative SE was analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. The average preoperative SE and postoperative SE of 922 eyes were -5.01 ± 1.48 D and -0.06 ± 0.18 D. The 10 most important factors affecting postoperative refractive outcomes included corneal biomechanical parameters (highest concavity [HC] time, the time of maximum deflection amplitude [Deflection Amp Max (ms)], and stress-strain index [SSI]), surgery-related parameters (percentage thickness ablation [PTA], maximum lenticule thickness [LTmax], and residual stroma thickness[RST]), corneal morphological parameters (radius and steep radius of the anterior corneal surface), and preoperative refractive parameters (SE and spherical diopter [SD]). When PTA ≥ 25.09%, LTmax ≥ 139 μm, SE ≤ -7.00 D, or SD ≤ -6.75 D, the postoperative SE significantly increased (all P<0.05), with averages of -0.183 D, -0.171 D, -0.188 D, and -0.184 D. After controlling for age, intraocular pressure, and corneal thickness, the postoperative SE significantly increased when HC time was ≥ 17.422 and Deflection Amp Max (ms) ≥ 16.616, reaching -0.209 D and -0.202 D. Excessive tissue cutting, greater HC time, Deflection Amp Max (ms), lower SSI, and high preoperative refractive power worsened postoperative refractive outcomes. Appropriate nomogram adjustments could improve results.

Quantitative and qualitative assessment of evaporative dry eye post intense pulsed light therapy, a prospective study.

This study aimed to determine the effect of intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment on meibomian gland disease. This is a prospective interventional study. Seventy eyes of patients with dry eye disease undergoing three sessions of IPL therapy, 15 days apart, were included. Each patient completed the dry eye questionnaire (SPEED) for symptomatic assessment. Dry eye evaluation tests were performed, including Schirmer's 1 test, meiboscopy, noninvasive tear break-up time (NIBUT) and interferometry. These tests were repeated before each IPL session. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (Version 20, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). To Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess the normality of the variables. The Chi-square test was applied for statistical analysis. Level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. The mean symptom score from the dry eye questionnaire (SPEED) showed a significant reduction of 24.5% (p < 0.001) in symptoms. Schirmer's 1 test showed an improvement of 16.43% on day 15 and 40.13% on day 45. Meiboscopy grade improved by 13.54% on day 45. NIBUT improved from 53.29% on day 15 to 135.53% on day 45. Interferometry showed an improvement of 58.91% on day 45. The various investigative tests demonstrated both qualitative and quantitative improvements in dry eye disease, and patients reported symptomatic relief. The effects of IPL therapy, in terms of symptomatic relief, continued to improve with each session. The quality of the tear film also improved progressively. IPL therapy is a potential therapeutic option for MGD.

Diameter distribution of Carapa guianensis Aubl. in a managed forest in the Amazon guarantees its continuous production and conservation in the ecosystem

The growth of a population of Carapa guianensis Aubl. was evaluated, based on predictions made in Markov chain on the diametric distribution of the number of trees, after reduced impact logging and application of silvicultural treatments in an Amazonian forest. Monitoring was carried out in 60 permanent plots measuring 50 m x 50 m, in which all trees with DBH ≥ 5 cm were measured. Four treatments and a control area were established (T0 - unlogged area - control; T1 - logged area; T2 - logged area + thinning up to 20.8% of basal area; T3 - logged area + thinning up to 27.6% of basal area basal; T4 - logged area + thinning up to 53.2% of basal area). A Markov transition matrix was constructed to make predictions for the years 1995 and 2011, using the periods 1983-1989 and 1995-2003 as a basis. The efficiency of the method was analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, at a significance level of 5%. The predicted values for the years 1995 and 2011 were statistically similar. The Markov chain was accurate for the first prediction (1995), but it was different for the second (2011). The models generated allow us to estimate values close to those observed in the field. Carapa guianensis can be included in management projects for sustainable timber production, considering that even after logging and thinning operations its population remains abundant and well distributed across diameter classes.

Reduction of the Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) Score in the Supraclavicular Nerve Separation and Disability of the Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Score Third Month and Sixth Month Post Open Reduction Internal Fixation of Clavicular Fracture

Introduction: Clavicle fractures are common injuries to the scapular girdle, with fractures in the middle third of the clavicle being the most prevalent. Non-operative treatment is often used but can lead to unsatisfactory outcomes, including pain, malunion, and thoracic outlet syndrome. As a result, operative fixation using Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) Plate and Screw (ORIF PS) has gained popularity. Postoperative complications such as numbness around the surgical incision are frequently observed. This study aims to evaluate the differences in functional outcomes in patients with clavicle fractures post ORIF PS using the preserved supraclavicular nerve and non-preserved supraclavicular nerve methods, assessed by the Disability of the Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score and Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) score at 3 and 6 months post-operation. Methods: This cohort study used medical records data from patients with middle third clavicle fractures at RSUP Prof. Dr. IGNG Ngoerah. Patients were divided into two groups: preserved supraclavicular nerve and non-preserved supraclavicular nerve. Data were collected at 3 and 6 months post-operation to evaluate DASH and DN4 scores. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality and appropriate hypothesis tests based on data distribution. Results: This study involved 51 patients with clavicle fractures undergoing ORIF PS surgery. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. At three months, the difference in DN4 scores between the preserved and non-preserved groups was not statistically significant (p=0.347). However, at six months, the preserved group showed significantly lower DN4 scores (p=0.012). The DASH scores at three months showed a significant difference between the two groups (p&lt;0.001), with the preserved group showing better scores. At six months, the difference in DASH scores was not significant (p=0.210). Longitudinal analysis showed significant reductions in DASH and DN4 scores between three and six months in both groups. Discussion: This study demonstrates that preserving the supraclavicular nerve during ORIF clavicle surgery provides significant benefits in reducing neuropathic pain and improving arm function in the long term. These findings support the importance of this approach in clavicle fracture surgeries to reduce complications and enhance functional outcomes. Conclusion: Preserving the supraclavicular nerve during ORIF clavicle surgery can significantly reduce neuropathic pain and improve arm function in the long term. These findings emphasize the importance of this approach in clinical practice to improve patient outcomes following clavicle fracture surgery. Keywords: Clavicular fracture, Douleur Neuropathique 4 score, supraclavicular nerve separation, DN4 score, DASH score, ORIF.

Physics-Informed Neural Network Model for Predictive Risk Assessment and Safety Analysis

This paper presents a physics-informed neural network (PINN) designed to predict the future locations of both vehicles and pedestrians, providing critical insights into road safety risks. By forecasting potential trajectories of road users, the proposed model informs preemptive strategies to avoid accidents. The physics model incorporates the intelligent driver model for vehicles and the social force model for pedestrians. The stochastic nature of risk evaluation is addressed by probabilistically predicting future locations based on the expected distribution in a two-dimensional open space. The framework accurately assesses the risk by predicting the future locations of vehicles and pedestrians within a 2- to 4-s time frame with approximately 2% error rates. The risk evaluation performance of the proposed framework was tested by calculating the time to collision (TTC) between vehicles and pedestrians and analyzing traffic conflicts. Leveraging the probabilistic predictions, the TTC was evaluated stochastically using Monte Carlo simulations and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, enabling a more granular and effective traffic conflict analysis. The developed method demonstrated over 95% accuracy when evaluating potentially dangerous events occurring within 3 s or less, providing actionable insights for improving road safety. The framework was deployed in a real-world setting, demonstrating reliable and robust test results. This comprehensive approach is expected to pave the way for more effective risk evaluation and mitigation at intersections and on roads.

Investigation of the Effect of Organizational Silence on Job Performance in Healthcare Professionals

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of organizational silence on job performance in healthcare professionals. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional descriptive study with 367 healthcare professionals . Data were collected using the "Individual Descriptive Characteristics Form", "Organizational Silence Scale" and "Job Performance Scale". Statistical methods such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, Kruskal-Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data. In addition, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationships and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the scales. Regression analysis was used to model the relationships between the scales. Significant relationships were found between the demographic characteristics of the participants and organizational silence and job performance. In correlation analyses, significant positive relationships were observed. It was determined that the silence levels and job performance levels of healthcare professionals were at an average level. The findings obtained from this study show that healthcare professionals generally have a moderate organizational culture. In this context, employees' opinions should be recognized as valuable and employees should be supported and cared for. Keywords: Job Performance, Sılence, Organizatıonal, Healthcare Worker, Sılence

Indexes of systemic inflammation in hemorrhagic stroke with effective blood flow: a dynamic observation

Increasing evidence suggests that stroke is a systemic disease affecting multiple organs. Systemic inflammatory response and immune dysregulation associated with hemorrhagic stroke, may play an important role in brain injury, its recovery, and stroke outcomes. However, it is worth of note that, from our point of view, the classical concepts about inflammation in pathophysiology and general pathology do not entirely meet the needs of modern medical practice. The existence of this problem is also typical for assessing pathogenesis, as well as for optimizing pathogenetic therapy of severe strokes. Therefore, within the framework of this work, a dynamic observation and assessment of pathogenesis in severe intracerebral hemorrhage was carried out using the criteria of a systemic inflammation scale. The study included patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and effective cerebral blood flow. Blood sampling was carried out on days 1-3 and 5-7 after clinical manifestation of intracerebral hemorrhage. To determine markers of systemic inflammation in the blood plasma of patients, the levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFá, procalcitonin, cortisol, myoglobin, troponin I and D-dimers were examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to confirm the normal data distribution. Further comparison of quantitative data was carried out using the nonparametric Wilcoxon test for paired comparisons. All results were considered statistically significant at p 0.05. In patients on days 1-3 and 5-7, statistically significant differences were not observed in almost all studied markers of systemic inflammation, except for IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-á. Such increased contents of pro-inflammatory cytokines may indicate increased systemic inflammation over time in the patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and effective cerebral blood flow. Hence, the condition of such patients may worsen on days 5-7 after manifestations of intracerebral hemorrhage, thus requiring more careful monitoring of patients’ blood counts and therapy aimed at suppression of increasing inflammation.

Comparation Of Bankruptcy Prediction At Retail Companies In Indonesia Using Altman, Zmijewski and Springate Methods

The Indonesian retail sector, a significant contributor to the nation's GDP, faces challenges due to digital transformation, shifting consumer behavior, and increased competition from e-commerce platforms, leading to potential bankruptcy risks among traditional retailers. This study aims to compare the Altman, Zmijewski, and Springate models in predicting bankruptcy of retail companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2023. Using financial data from 11 retail companies, the study calculated bankruptcy predictions using the three models and performed statistical tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Kruskal-Wallis tests) to compare their predictive accuracy. The results indicated that the Zmijewski model had the highest prediction accuracy at 90.91%, followed by the Springate model at 81.82%, and the Altman model at 45.45%. The Zmijewski model predicted one company as potentially bankrupt, while the other models provided varying predictions. The study concludes that the Zmijewski model is highest prediction rate in predicting bankruptcy in Indonesian retail companies. This has implications for investors and stakeholders in assessing financial health and making informed decisions

Assessment of the importance of teleradiology services in the opinion of electroradiologists in Poland

Teleradiology is a modern service that allows for the transmission of imaging studies between facilities, clinicians, and qualified medical staff. It requires employers to meet many important legal formal criteria to properly deliver services. Teleradiology has significantly improved access to radiological services, including radiological examinations, and to specialists in narrow fields of radiology. The development of teleradiology and telemedicine, despite many benefits, also brings many risks, such as technical errors and improper service delivery. The study aims to assess the importance of teleradiology in the perception of electroradiologists who mediate in the delivery of this service, often overlooked by employers in its organization. The survey was conducted among actively practicing electroradiologists, particularly those working with teleradiology services. Electroradiologists in the study identified the advantages and disadvantages of the service, as well as various aspects related to the organization of teleradiology services. The study also aimed to raise awareness among personnel providing telemedical services. To asses the normality of distribution of the result obtained the following were used Kolmogorov-Smirnov test of normality of distribution, and non-parametric tests were used in their analysis and correlations between the some of the values. The research group (N = 344) consisted of licensed electroradiologists (N = 99, 28.8%), master's degree holders in electroradiology (31.4%, N = 108), and electroradiology technicians (N = 137, 39.8%). Of these, 276 were female (80.2%) and 68 were male (19.8%) aged 23-67 years. Surveyed electroradiologists rated teleradiology services positively. The respondents most frequently pointed out 3 advantages of teleradiology: increased service accessibility, streamlining of radiology department work, and better allocation of human resources. The most commonly mentioned disadvantages of teleradiology among respondents include the possibility of errors in radiological procedures due to the lack of direct involvement of a radiologist in supervising the examination, the absence of a real-time monitoring system for the service, and the lack of standardization of hospital information systems. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2024;75(6):511-519.