Krasnoyarsk Krai Research Articles

Forecasting the Costs of Adapting Social Infrastructure to Changing Geocryological Conditions (the Case of Norilsk)

Climate change and increased anthropogenic impact lead to the melting of permafrost and, consequently, destruction and deformation of buildings and structures built on it. This causes significant additional financial costs associated with the need to use specific technologies for the construction and operation of buildings in the permafrost zone, as well as direct and indirect damage from the loss of fixed assets. According to forecasts of geocryological changes, in the Russian Arctic these negative trends should intensify in the future. In this study, using the case of the Norilsk city (Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia), some problems associated with estimating the costs of adapting healthcare and educational facilities built on permafrost to changes in engineering and geocryological conditions until the middle of the 21st century are analyzed. The analysis showed that the amount of probable costs for the group of objects under consideration associated with direct damage from deformation and destruction of buildings, as well as the need for their liquidation and replacement construction, significantly exceeds the financial resources allocated for this in the relevant strategic documents planning of Norilsk. An effective mechanism for redistributing damage over time and reducing it is the installation of the soil thermal stabilization systems. The paper briefly analyzes the geography of production and consumption of this type of product. The results obtained can be used to develop similar assessments and adaptation programs in cities in the permafrost zone of Russia.

Агрометеорологические условия и прогнозирование урожайности зерновых и зернобобовых культур в субъектах восточной части Сибирского федерального округа

The results of studying agrometeorological conditions and the possibility of using satellite data to evaluate and predict the yield of grain and leguminous crops in the subjects of the eastern part of the Siberian Federal District are presented. Reasonability of using satellite information in combination with surface data for the development of a method for forecasting the yield in the Krasnoyarsk krai, where a high correlation between the yield and the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) was found, is shown. In the Republics of Khakassia, Tyva and the Irkutsk oblast, no significant correlations between the NDVI and the yield was detected. The importance of improving agricultural standards and the role of meteorological factors differently contributing to an increase in the yield in the regions during 2001-2020 are shown. Using the correlation and regression analysis, the meteorological factors that have the greatest impact on the yield were investigated and selected. Regression models developed on the basis of the joint use of satellite and ground-based data are presented to predict the average yield of grain crops and spring wheat in the Krasnoyarsk krai, and those based on surface data are presented to predict the yield of grain crops in the republics of Khakassia, Tyva and the Irkutsk oblast. Keywords: agrometeorological conditions, grain crops, yield, satellite data, forecast

Special features of trade and consumer services for the population of rural areas of the Krasnoyarsk Krai

Subject. The article explores the State policy for the development of rural areas. Objectives. Our aim is to develop tools to help bridge the significant gap between urban and rural population in terms of living standards. Methods. The study employs methods of logical and statistical analysis. Results. We offer our own methodology enabling to determine the necessary minimum for the provision of the population of rural areas with centers of trade and consumer services. Conclusions. In view of the threat of desolation of rural areas, it is crucial to adjust regional regulatory and legal documents related to the solution of demographic problems, as well as to design municipal programs to develop service centers in rural areas.

Mapping Tree Mortality Caused by Siberian Silkmoth Outbreak Using Sentinel-2 Remote Sensing Data

The Siberian silkmoth is one of the most dangerous coniferous forests pests. Siberian silkmoth outbreaks cause massive defoliation and subsequent forest fires over vast areas. Remote forest disturbance assessments performed after an outbreak make it possible to assess carbon emissions and the potential for natural regeneration, estimate forest fire danger, and reveal the need to implement forest management practices. The goal of the present research was to investigate the use of modern satellite imagery of medium spatial resolution to estimate the percentage of dead trees in a given area. The subject of this study is the Siberian silkmoth outbreak that occurred in 2018–2020 and covered 42 thousand ha in the Irbey region of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. Imagery from the Sentinel-2/MSI sensor was used to calculate a number of spectral indices for images received before and after the outbreak. Field study data were used to create regression models relating the index values to the percentage of dead trees. A number of spectral indices, such as NDVI, dNDVI, NBR, dNBR, NDMI, EVI, and TCG, were used. As a result, spectral indices based on the data from NIR/SWIR bands (NBR, NDMI, dNBR) demonstrated the best correlations with field-measured tree mortality. Therefore, these indices may be used to accurately estimate the percentage of dead trees by remote sensing data. The best was the NBR index with an R2 equal to 0.87, and the lowest RMSE and MAE errors. Consequently, Sentinel-2 imagery can be successfully used for tree mortality assessment over large inaccessible areas disturbed by Siberian silkmoth outbreaks at a relatively low cost.

Biological Productivity of the Post-Fire Larch Forests in the Mountain Regions of Krasnoyarsk Krai

Biological Productivity of the Post-Fire Larch Forests in the Mountain Regions of Krasnoyarsk Krai

Экспериментальное исследование методики полевой оценки точности измерений ГНСС

The authors propose a field control of GNSS equipment precision characteristics methodology for recording sub-centimeter movements of the Earth`s surface at geodynamic observations of tectonically moderate areas activity. The factors influencing the accuracy of GNSS measurements are analyzed. The theoretical aspects of developing measuring equipment field control methods are presented. Testing of the devices was carried out in the course of surveys on the Nizhne-Kanskiy massif geodynamic range in Krasnoyarsk krai in 2020–2022. The experiment was made with two-system GNSS facilities of geodesic class (5 to 6 sets). The results show that the proposed methodology of the used tools accuracy characteristics field control enables detecting incorrect nominal parameters of measuring instruments. In this case the parameters of the receivers` antennas are well coordinated with each other. The exactness of control characteristics in plan is at the level of 1,3–2,5 mm, in height – 2,5 mm. It was revealed that the height of the actual phase center of Grant_G3T and MarAnt+ antennas differ from the manufacturer`s declared passport data

Digital transformation of the physical culture and sports management system in the Krasnoyarsk Krai

Subject. The article considers the development of mass sports, problems of interaction between sports federations and public authorities. Objectives. The purpose is to analyze processes of organizing and holding sports competitions, develop tools to systematize statistical data related to the field of physical culture and sports. Methods. The study employs the structural analysis. Results. We developed the concept of automatic information system "Competition". The use of this system by sports federations will speed up the process of submitting applications for participation in a sports competition, building the final list of its participants, and preparing documents for the assignment of sports categories. Conclusions. It is crucial to unify the forms of reports on the results of sports competitions, create a single database on sports players and referees.

Composition of alcohol extracts from poplar leaves (Populus balsamifera L.)

The group composition of alcohol extracts from balsamic poplar leaves Populus balsamifera L, growing in the Krasnoyarsk Krai, Krasnoyarsk (Russia) were examined in this work. Leaves selected in different phases of the growing season were used: June, July, August – fresh, September – fallen leaves. Poplar leaves contain up to 56% of extractive substances, alcohol-soluble substances account for up to 67% of the extract amount. Alcohol extracts were fractionated using solvents with increasing polarity: petroleum ether (boiling point 40 to 70 °C), diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, butanol. The results showed that the alcohol extracts of poplar leaves are dominated by substances extracted with ethyl acetate (up to 60%). The study of the component composition of volatile compounds of individual fractions of alcohol extracts was performed on an Agilent chromatography-mass spectrometer. The presence of various groups of compounds was established: hydrocarbons, alcohols, acids, ketones, etc., including biologically active substances such as megasterol acetate, ℽ-sitosterol, sitosterol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecene-1-ol, diethyltoluamide, 4-methoxy-3-nitrobiphenyl, and other compounds that it can be used in different applications.

Influence of the structure of an interzonal-type territorial settlement system on the development of the Angara-Yenisei macroregion

The study focuses on the Angara-Yenisei macroregion, which includes four constituent territories of the Russian Federation, i.e., Krasnoyarsk Krai, Irkutsk Oblast, the Republic of Khakassia, and the Republic of Tyva. These territories are located in the zone of the Arctic latitude; areas of the Far North; areas equated to the areas of the Far North; the Southern zone, which includes the main band of population settlement. The macroregion under study is characterized by an interzonal structure of human settlement. The aim was to justify the selection of the entire macroregion and its settlement systems as an object of study. An analysis of the Angara-Yenisei macroregion based on the principle of integrity identified the need to study both its morphological and functional structural characteristics. Hierarchical clustering revealed the presence of three types of systemic zonal formations. The first type is agglomerations, which are the most dynamic elements in the structure of the territorial settlement system. The second type is represented by urban formations with cities at their core, acting as system centers and forming a supporting framework of macroregion settlement. The third type is heterogeneous, including both single-industry towns and industrial centers that are rapidly losing their population. The obtained range of quantitative assessment parameters can be used when elaborating macroregional social and economic development strategies, as well as for spatial modeling based on framework, cluster, and functional models.

Healthcare-associated infections in the constituents of Ural and Siberian Federal Districts: results of monitoring their identification and registration in 2022 and in long-term dynamics

Rationale. Monitoring of HAI (health care-associated infections) detection and registration of is one of the key components in the information subsystem of epidemiological surveillance for these infections. Despite a well-established HAI recording system in the Russian Federation as a whole, the constituents of the Ural and Siberian Federal Districts have different approaches to detection of these infections, which is confirmed by the final rating scores of their detection and registration.
 Objective. We studied HAI detection and registration in the constituents of the Ural and Siberian Federal Districts for ranking and rating their systems of epidemiological HAI surveillance.
 Materials and methods: The data of federal statistical monitoring forms No. 2 "Information on infectious and parasitic diseases" and No. 23-17 "Information on outbreaks of infectious diseases as well as from additional enquiry materials "Information on medical manipulations and cohorts treated" in 20182022 submitted by the Rospotrebnadzor offices of the respective Russian Federation constituents compared with the long-term and Russias nationwide averages. The quality of HAI registration in the healthcare institutions of the Ural and Siberian Federal Districts was rated using grouping by intensive incidence indicators, and the most significant groups of infections and risk cohorts were selected for analysis.
 Results: The results of the HAI detection and registration by the most significant groups of infections and risk cohorts among the patients and healthcare workers were analyzed. The data on the group and outbreak HAI morbidity in the healthcare institutions are presented. The quality of HAI detection and registration in the constituents of the Ural and Siberian Federal Districts was rated, and the subjects were ranked with regard to the activity of their epidemiological surveillance system.
 Conclusion: Active detection and registration of HAI cases over several years is typical for the healthcare institutions of Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk Oblasts as well as Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Consistently low rating scores of the studied parameters are typical for the healthcare institutions of the Republics of Tyva, Altai and Krasnoyarsk Krai.

Impact of Reindustrialization on the Priorities of Inclusive Development of the Resource Region

Increasing the competitiveness of the economy of a resource region is ensured by developing its production potential. At the same time, indicators of sustainable and social development of the territory are often considered as «secondary». A quantitative assessment of the inclusivity of a resource-specialized region (by the example of the Krasnoyarsk Krai) is convincing evidence of this. The greatest lag in inclusive development is indicators of the standard of living. It should be noted that resource development has significant risks and limitations. To mitigate the negative consequences of priority development of industries for mineral resources extraction, it is proposed to implement a new industrial policy for the reindustrialization of the resource region economy, based on the development of processing industries, the use of environmentally safe technologies, and the development of mechanical engineering as the "core" of industry. The aim of the study is to determine the influence of reindustrialization on the priorities of inclusive development in a resource region. The conducted research has proved that the priorities of inclusiveness, in addition to the general goals of socio-economic development, are the formation of a «green» economy, the creation of high-tech jobs, and expanding the list of engineering specialties focused on the needs of reindustrialization.

Обеспечение оперативного мониторинга сельскохозяйственных посевов спутниковыми данными

Abstract. Purpose. The study is aimed at providing operational monitoring of agricultural crops using satellite data. Data on the spectral-reflective properties of agricultural crops and climatic characteristics that reflect the state of agricultural crops are considered on the example of Kuraginskoye Agricultural Experiment Production Facility (AEPF), located in the south of the Krasnoyarsk krai. Methodology and methods. Based on satellite data, the values of the average daily temperature of the land surface, the sum of daily precipitation, thematic maps and the average values of the NDVI, ClGreen, and MSAVI2 vegetation indices were obtained. Satellite data from Sentinel-2, Terra MODIS and IMERG GPM Precipitation were used as sources of Earth remote sensing data. The initial satellite information was processed using the QGIS software. As a result, satellite data were selected from open sources, methods for their processing were compiled, and an archive of data for the growing seasons from 2015 to 2022 was formed. Operational monitoring using satellite data makes it possible to identify the heterogeneity of the spatial distribution of vegetation cover, track the dynamics of temperatures and the amount of precipitation during the growing season, thereby contributing to a comprehensive assessment of the state of all agricultural crops in general and individually for each field. Scientific novelty. The technology of processing Sentinel-2, Terra MODIS (MOD11), GPM (IMERG) data and obtaining their derived products based on the QGIS geoinformation system in automated mode for agricultural monitoring tasks has been developed. Practical significance. Data sets on vegetation indices, temperature and precipitation have been formed, which are of great practical importance for making effective management decisions on the territory of the Kuraginskoye AEPF.

PRIORITIES OF INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ANGARA-YENISEI MACROREGION

This article examines the processes of forming new territorial entities — macro-regions, which unite regions with different economic and social potential. Despite the prospects for macro-regions development, which can give an impetus to the economic and social growth of both the individual territory and the country as a whole, many limitations hinder these processes. The Angara-Yenisei macro-region, which includes the Krasnoyarsk Krai, the Irkutsk Region, the Republic of Tuva, and the Republic of Khakassia, currently does not represent a single economic space. Each incorporated region develops according to its own strategic trends determined before they were united in AER. In order to develop a unified strategy for the development of the macro-region, it is proposed to identify the priorities of social and economic development of each of the regions based on an assessment of its inclusiveness. Indicators of inclusive development, combined into blocks — growth and development, inclusiveness, intergenerational equality and sustainability — allowed us to justify the development priorities of each of the regions. The main priority for all regions is to improve the standard of living and reduce poverty among the population. Along with other priority areas, this should be the basis for the overall strategy for the development of the Angara-Yenisei macro-region.

CENOTIC ROLE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN ABIES SIBIRICA LEDEB. STANDS IN THE SOUTH CENTRAL SIBERIA

Background. Degradation of Abies sibirica Ledeb.-dominated forests in the South Central Siberia is a reflection of the global trend of coniferous forest ecosystems decline. Nevertheless, the role of infectious diseases in coniferous forests degradation and dieback is often underestimated.
 Research aim. To assess the coenotic role of infectious diseases in fir-dominated stands in the South Central Siberia, considering the differentiation in trees.
 Materials and methods. The research was based on a survey of A. sibirica-dominated forest stands growing in Biryusinsky forest management unit of the Krasnoyarsk Krai government-owned publicly funded “Emelyanovskoye forestry”. Research methods included a detailed (instrumental) forest pathological examination, macroscopic diagnostics of tree diseases, graph analytics and statistical analysis of tree diameter distribution series, evaluation of disease manifestation indicators.
 Results. Stem rot and fir broom rust are typical diseases increasing the risk of windsnap and trees weakening. The prevalence of fir broom rust was over 10%. Rust fungus intermediate hosts in the forest floor determine the degree of damage to a stand. Fir broom rust randomly affected trees of different age and diameters. The bacterial blight in fir forests mainly affected trees of I-II Kraft classes causing their gradual dying. The bacterial blight in the study area was of low infection degree (up to 20%). The most dangerous was the root rot caused by Armillaria mellea s.l. that affected trees of different cenotic roles causing their group dieback.
 Conclusion. Dendropathogenic organisms are an important endogenous factor influencing the state of dark coniferous forests with a predominance of A. sibirica in the South Central Siberia. Their cenotic role is unequal. The most significant are pathogens causing necrosis and cancer diseases, and especially the root pathogen A. mellea, which leads to weakening and dying of a large number of trees of different status in the stand structure.

The Unprecedented Current Increase in the Amount of Charcoal Particles in Sediments of Lakes of the North Minusinsk Basin (Southern Siberia): Possible Evidence of Anthropogenic Influence

The distribution of charcoal particles >100 µm in size, which are indicators of plant combustion in ambient territories, are analyzed in sediments of Shira and Uchum lakes located in southern Siberia in the steppe zone of the North Minusinsk Basin (Republic of Khakasiya and Krasnoyarsk krai). The age of the lakes is to 1400 and 500 years, respectively. The lacustrine sediments contain charcoal particles of three types. Particles of group 1 have elongated morphology and are interpreted as remnants of grassy plants and/or conifers. Particles of group 2 look like thin plates similar to relics of leaves and bark of trees. Group 3 is composed of various irregular volumetric particles, which are probably relics from wood and coal combustion. The particles of group 1 are mostly indicators of natural fires, and their amount is almost constant in the current period. The amount of charcoal particles of groups 2 and, mostly, 3 has strongly increased in past 100 years, which reflects an increase in the amount of artificially combusted wood and coal in the vicinities of the lakes in the present-day industrial period. An increase in the contribution of the charcoal particles to lacustrine sediments over the past 100 years has been detected for the first time for this region, which is unprecedented for the period of study. This is evidence of the anthropogenic impact on the dynamics of charcoal particles in lacustrine sediments. Our data can be useful for reconstruction of the dynamics of natural fires and the paleoclimate in southern Siberia in the Late Holocene.

Forecasting the Costs for Adapting the Housing Stock to Changing Permafrost Conditions (the Case of Norilsk)

The problem of predicting the socio-economic consequences of permafrost degradation due to climate change is an important area of modern scientific research. At the moment, there are no unified approaches and methods for assessing this type of natural risk, respectively, there is no reliable idea of the scale of possible consequences, which in turn is manifested in the poor elaboration of the issue in strategic planning documents for permafrost areas. The city of Norilsk (Krasnoyarsk krai) is an example of an Arctic city in Russia, located in the permafrost zone, where active work has begun on the housing stock renovation, including due to problems associated with the degradation of permafrost under the influence of anthropogenic and climatic factors. An analysis of legal documents related to the socioeconomic development of the city, renovation plans and documents aimed at solving the problem of replacing the deformed housing stock showed that the scale of measures does not fully correspond to the severity of the problem. A comparison of the key characteristics of the Norilsk housing stock, taking into account its current state and plans for transformation, with a long-term forecast of changes in engineering and cryological conditions until 2050, made it possible to estimate the total costs of adaptation, which can reach 1.6 trillion rubles in 2023 prices. In addition, a rating of Russian Arctic municipalities was compiled, based on the ratio of indicators characterizing internal adaptive capabilities to changing geocryological conditions and the amount of expected damage to the buildings and structures. It was found that, in general, the scale of the likely consequences significantly exceeds the available resources, and the most negative situation is already developing in the most depressed areas.

Modelling a corporate network’s stakeholder value created amid CSR policy implementation

The article aims to develop methodological approaches to assessing the stakeholder value of a corporation in the process of implementing the policy of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the face of unpredictable changes in the external environment. Network theory and the concept of corporate social responsibility constitute the methodological framework of the study. The methods used are narrative, correlation, regression and comparative analysis. The empirical evidence covers the data provided by the Federal State Statistics Service on the Russian regions for 2012–2021, RAEX rankings, and listings of the Moscow Exchange. The authors substantiate their own approach to assessing a corporate network’s stakeholder value created in the process of implementing CSR policy. The proposed method is tested using PAO Norilsk Nickel’s financial statements and the socio-economic development indicators of Krasnoyarsk krai as the corporation’s external environment. The research demonstrates that CSR policy has an effect on Business Environment and Natural Environment stakeholder groups, while the most profound response to CSR activities were observed in Population and Investors stakeholder groups. During the COVID-19 crisis, the ‘Corporation – Population – Corporation’ relationship model through the system of indicators ‘Annual wage – RF region’s unemployment rate – Enterprise net profit’ lost its indicativeness: there was a ‘compression’ of network relationships as a reaction to changing environmental conditions. Among the directions for further research is expanding the composition of the corporate network’s actors.

E-procurement and Arctic infrastructural geography: challenges of e-governance in the Russian Arctic

ABSTRACT Everyday life in the Arctic has become increasingly digitalized. The academic discussion around it focuses on three aspects: digital infrastructures and access; digital promises; and digitalization risks and challenges to human security. The existing critical research on e-governance in the Arctic has been done in the North American and European Arctic, while digital governance in the Russian Arctic has mostly remained beyond the scope of research. In this article, we aim to fill the gap by demonstrating how Russian Arctic infrastructural geography affects digital governance in the region. To achieve this goal, we used a mixed methods approach. First, to grasp the structural differences between Arctic and non-Arctic Russia, we analyzed open data from the Russian e-procurement system concerning the share of contracts with local suppliers, the percentage of terminated contracts, and indicators of contract time sensitivity. Second, to explore the mechanics of e-procurement in the Arctic, we gathered interviews with procurers working in state organizations in three remote settlements in different parts of the Russian Arctic: The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Krasnoyarsk Krai, and Arkhangelsk region. By combining these data, we produce a detailed picture of e-procurement across the differentiated Russian Arctic infrastructural geography.

Biological Productivity of the Post-Fire Larch Forests in the Mountain Regions of Krasnoyarsk Krai

Peculiarities of the compositionally pure larch stands formation following forest fires were studied in the northern (Evenkia, middle course of the Nizhnyaya Tunguska river, geographic coordinates 64°03′ N 101°10′ E) and southern (Ermakovskiy district, geographic coordinates – 52°23′ N, 93°33′ E) areas of Krasnoyarsk Krai. The structure, growth and biological productivity of the forest restoration successions were analyzed based on the materials from the sample plots. The highest value of phytomass (in terms of total productivity) in larch stands registered was 1055.5 t abs. dry substances/ha at the age of 93 years. The structural ratio of the forest stands phytomass fractions naturally changes with an increase in their average age and density. With an increase in the average age of a stand, its above-ground and root phytomasses increase; at the same time, the relative share of crown and needle wood mass in the total above-ground phytomass of a stand decreases. In 38-year-old larch forests, the share of crown mass is 18%, and the share of stems is 82%. In 60-year-old forest stands, crown wood with needles accounts for 14%, and the rest 86% are stem weight. In the 93-year-old larch forest, the proportion of stem phytomass increases to 89%, and the proportion of crown wood with needles falls up to a minimum share of 11%. The maximum growth potential of the 56-year old larch stands, according to the current increase in phyomass (in terms of total productivity), is realised at about 14.69 t abs. dry substances/ha per year. The young and middle-aged larch forests formed on the burnt areas have higher rates of growth and phytomass accumulation; in terms of the amount of fixed atmospheric carbon, they exceed the mature and overmature stands by more than two times.

Respiratory Activity and Biodiversity of Microbiomes in Podzolic Soils of Post-Pyrogenic Spruce Forests in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Komi Republic

Data on the microbiological properties of podzolic soils (Retisols) of old-growth spruce forests in the middle taiga of the Krasnoyarsk Krai and the Komi Republic are presented. It is shown that, despite the geographical distance, the soils of the regions are characterized by similar morphological and physicochemical properties. It was noted that in the soils of the spruce forests of the European North (R. Komi) and middle Siberia (Krasnoyarsk Krai), no significant difference in the accumulation of microbial biomass and the rate of microbial respiration was found. However, the content of carbon and nitrogen in soils, as well as microbial biomass, had significant differences in the qualitative composition of microbiomes in pyrogenic and non-pyrogenic soil horizons. A significant effect of the pyrogenic factor on the α-diversity of bacteria and fungi was noted. It was shown that representatives of the dominant phyla of bacteria (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Planctomycetes) and fungi (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota) actively participate in the assimilation of organic matter with the presence of pyrogenic carbon. The microbiomes of the upper pyrogenic subhorizons include groups of carbotrophic bacteria (Thermomonosporaceae, Isosphaeraceae, Bacillaceae, Xanthobacteraceae) and fungi from the classes Dothideomycetes (Cenococcum), Eurotiomycetes (Penicillium), Sordariomycetes (Trichoderma), Leotiomycetes (Oidiodendron), Umbelopsidomycetes (Umbelopsis), which are capable of converting pyrolysis products into accessible and non-toxic substrates for other organisms.