Korean Letters Research Articles

Development of Korean Style Loungewear (Part II)

Abstract The paper details the development of a Korean style loungewear based on traditional Korean hanbokclothing. For this, we surveyed and collected data from 3,500 adults over 20 years of age. The questions wereon their preferences of hanbok for both traditional and contemporary styles as well as loungewear. The surveyshowed that preferences for hanbok were high for both traditional and contemporary styles. The survey alsosuggests how a successful mass-produced Korean style loungewear should be designed to increase itspopularity. It should feature comfortably simplified silhouettes, a selection of contemporary colors fromKorean symbolic colors, modernized Korean textile surface designs, and easy-to-maintain healthy fabric.Based on these results, the development direction of Korean style loungewear was set and various loungewearsamples were produced. Another group of survey participants were asked to try on samples and their pre-ferences were surveyed. At the conclusion, a version that was most preferred among the participants wasobtained. We suggest one-piece style and two-piece style designs with silhouettes based on the characteristicsof traditional Korean costumes. The preferred fabric for loungewear was natural and soft cotton. We suggest thenecessity and effectiveness of loungewear made with environment-friendly hanji-fabric. The main colors forloungewear were selected based on survey: blue, red, white, and saekdong (color stripes). We made color com-binations with the main colors then applied the textile surface designs. The traditional Korean patterns ofHangeul (Korean letters), taegeuk (yin-yang), geometric figures, and samjogo (three-legged crow) were alsochosen, and then loungewear using the textile designs was developed. The results have been shown on the“Han Style Fashion Show” by Jeonju City and exhibited in the “Seoul Living Design Fair” and the “Interna-tional Art & Craft Trend Fair” in COEX, Seoul.Key words

A Study on the Characteristics of 17-19th Century Women’s Korean Letters

A Study on the Characteristics of 17-19th Century Women’s Korean Letters

An Aspect of the State Examination(Gwageo) reviewed by Letters in Korean: Focused on Jinseong Lee Dongpyo Family’s Korean Letters

An Aspect of the State Examination(Gwageo) reviewed by Letters in Korean: Focused on Jinseong Lee Dongpyo Family’s Korean Letters

한국적 이미지의 휴식복 개발 연구 (제1보)

Abstract The paper details the development of a Korean style loungewear based on traditional Korean hanbokclothing. For this, we surveyed and collected data from 3,500 adults over 20 years of age. The questions wereon their preferences of hanbok for both traditional and contemporary styles as well as loungewear. The surveyshowed that preferences for hanbok were high for both traditional and contemporary styles. The survey alsosuggests how a successful mass-produced Korean style loungewear should be designed to increase itspopularity. It should feature comfortably simplified silhouettes, a selection of contemporary colors fromKorean symbolic colors, modernized Korean textile surface designs, and easy-to-maintain healthy fabric.Based on these results, the development direction of Korean style loungewear was set and various loungewearsamples were produced. Another group of survey participants were asked to try on samples and their pre-ferences were surveyed. At the conclusion, a version that was most preferred among the participants wasobtained. We suggest one-piece style and two-piece style designs with silhouettes based on the characteristicsof traditional Korean costumes. The preferred fabric for loungewear was natural and soft cotton. We suggest thenecessity and effectiveness of loungewear made with environment-friendly hanji-fabric. The main colors forloungewear were selected based on survey: blue, red, white, and saekdong (color stripes). We made color com-binations with the main colors then applied the textile surface designs. The traditional Korean patterns ofHangeul (Korean letters), taegeuk (yin-yang), geometric figures, and samjogo (three-legged crow) were alsochosen, and then loungewear using the textile designs was developed. The results have been shown on the“Han Style Fashion Show” by Jeonju City and exhibited in the “Seoul Living Design Fair” and the “Interna-tional Art & Craft Trend Fair” in COEX, Seoul.Key words

A Consideration on the Educational Contents of Lectures on Korean Letters and Language －The Development of the Educational Contents－

A Consideration on the Educational Contents of Lectures on Korean Letters and Language －The Development of the Educational Contents－

A Korean CAPTCHA Study: Defeating OCRs In a New CAPTCHA Context By Using Korean Syllables

Internet is being used for several activities by a great range of users. These activities include communication, e-commerce, education, and entertainment. Users are required to register regarding website in order to enroll web activities. However, registration can be done by automated hacking software. That software make false enrollments which occupy the resources of the website by reducing the performance and efficiency of servers, even stop the entire web service. It is crucial for the websites to have a system which has the capability of differing human users and computer programs in reading images of text. Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Human Apart (CAPTCHA) is such a defense system against Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. OCR can be defined as software which work for defeating CAPTCHA images and make countless number of registrations on the websites. This study proposes a new CAPTCHA context that is Korean CAPTCHA by means of the method which is splitting CAPTCHA images into several parts with random rotation values, and drawing random lines on a grid background by using Korean characters only. Lines are in the same color with the CAPTCHA text and they provide a distortion of image with grid background. Experimental results show that Korean CAPTCHA is a more secure and effective CAPTCHA type for Korean users rather than current CAPTCHA types due to the structure of Korean letters and the algorithm we are using: rotation and splitting. In this paper, the algorithm of our method is introduced in detail.

Kazakhstan Korean Songs Written in Korean Letters and Identity of Diaspora

Kazakhstan Korean Songs Written in Korean Letters and Identity of Diaspora

전화기 숫자 자판을 이용한 대화형 한글 문자 입력 방법

휴대용 단말기의 숫자 자판을 이용해서 보다 편리하게 한글을 입력할 수 있도록 하는 대화형 방식을 제시하였다. 사용자는 입력하고자 하는 글자의 해당 자소가 있는 키를 한 번씩 눌러 키 시퀀스를 발생시킨다. 인터페이스는 사용자가 입력한 키 시퀀스에 대해 조합 가능한 모든 글자를 발생 시키고 사용자는 발생된 글자 중에서 입력하고자 하는 글자를 선택하도록 한다. 이를 통해 기존의 방법에서 공통으로 사용되는 수동적이고 일차원적인 자소 중심의 인터페이스를 상호 작용이 가능한 입체적인 글자 중심의 방법으로 개선 가능하다. 이 방법은 최종 글자의 입력을 완료하기 위해 필요한 글자 선택의 과정이 부가적으로 필요하지만, 기존 방법의 가장 큰 단점인 멀티탭과 불분명한 음소의 결정을 위한 키 조작의 불편함을 근본적으로 없앨 수 있다. 또한 모든 글자의 입력이 필기 순서와 동일하게 기본 자소에 의해 입력이 가능함으로 사용자의 문자입력에 대한 복잡도를 감소시킬 수 있다. 제안된 방법의 장단점을 실험을 통해 기존의 방법과 비교하였다. An interactive Hangul input method using the numeric phone keypad, which is applicable for mobile devices is introduced. In the proposed method, user only selects the corresponding keys by single tapping, for the alphabet of Korean letter which is desired to enter. The interface generates the subset of eligible letters for the key sequence, then the user selects the desired letter in the set. Such an interactive approach transforms the text entry interface into a multi-level interactive letter-oriented style, from the preexisting passive and single-level alphabet-oriented interface. The annoyance of key-operations, the major disadvantage of the previous methods, derived from multi-tap to clear the ambiguity of multi-assigned alphabets for the Hangul automata, can be eliminated permanently, while the additional letter selection procedure to finalize the desired letter is essential. Also the complexity of Hangul text entry is reduced since all letters can be compounded from basic alphabet selection of the writing sequence order. The advantage and disadvantage of the proposed method are analyzed through comparing with pre-existing method by experiments.

Lateral masking, levels of processing and stimulus category: A comparative study between normal and dyslexic readers

The lateral masking effect results in lower performance on letter recognition when items are flanked by other stimuli. Using a new paradigm based on discrimination (feature analysis) and categorization (memory access) tasks, we investigated the influence of level of processing (as addressed, respectively, by these two tasks) and stimulus type (Latin letters, Korean letters and geometrical figures) on lateral masking. In addition, performance of dyslexic and non-dyslexic adult readers was compared. The non-dyslexic participants demonstrated a classical lateral masking effect with lower performance for flanked items than isolated ones. In addition, lateral masking was stronger in the categorization than in the discrimination task and was restricted to familiar items, i.e., Latin letters and geometrical figures. Dyslexic participants showed poorer performance than non-dyslexics on processing isolated items, and the pattern of decrease in performance for lateral masking was similar to non-dyslexics. However, they also showed a stronger decrease in performance in categorization and a stronger decrease related to the lateral masking for this categorization task. Our results in normal readers suggest that lateral masking relies on the interference between the target and the flankers during feature integration that may result in marked impairment of memory access (categorization task). Poorer performance in dyslexic readers may reflect impaired parafoveal/peripheral low-level processing during feature integration that may have worsened during the flanked condition due to a target selection/spatial-attentional disorder. Moreover, dyslexic subjects presented an additional categorization deficit that may relate to a specific left-hemispheric disorder.

Selective response to letter categorization within the left fusiform gyrus

Neuroimaging studies that look at reading processes using words, pseudowords, nonwords and letters frequently report specific left fusiform gyrus (BA37) activations. In the present study, we examined fMRI signal variations within the left and right BA37 for paired Latin letters, Korean letters and geometrical figures in discrimination and categorization tasks. Data of Pernet et al. (Pernet, C., Franceries, X., Basan, S., Cassol, E., Démonet, J.F., Celsis, P., 2004. Anatomy and time course of discrimination and categorization processes in vision: an fMRI study. NeuroImage 22, 1563–1577) were re-analyzed using a ROI methodology that highlights the selective response of the left BA37 to Latin letter categorization. First, differences according to stimulus type were observed for the categorization task only. Second, we found weaker activation for Latin letter categorization than for both geometrical figure and Korean letter categorization. Third, only Latin letter categorization elicited as left-sided activation, although the direct comparison between regions did not demonstrate a significant difference. These data suggest that the left fusiform gyrus sustains access to letter representations in memory; and results are discussed with reference to the relationship between letter categorization and word recognition and to selective vs. specific (i.e. task-independent) neural response.

Gantry robot with extended workspace for pavement sign painting operations

The current method for pavement sign marking operations is labor-intensive and very dangerous due to the exposure of workers to passing traffic. It also requires blocking traffic for a long period of time resulting serious traffic jam. This paper deals with the development of a robotic system for automating the pavement sign painting operations. The robotic system consists of gantry frame equipped with transverse drive rail and automatic paint spray system. The workspace of the gantry robot is extended to one-lane width with the transverse rail system. This research also includes the development of font data structures that contain the shape information of pavement signs, such as Korean letters, English letters and symbols. The robot path is generated with this font data through the procedures of scaling up/down and partitioning the signs to be painted depending on the workspace size.

Anatomy and time course of discrimination and categorization processes in vision: an fMRI study

Studies investigating the cerebral areas involved in visual processes generally oppose either different tasks or different stimulus types. This work addresses, by fMRI, the interaction between the type of task (discrimination vs. categorization) and the type of stimulus (Latin letters, well-known geometrical figures, and Korean letters). Behavioral data revealed that the two tasks did not differ in term of percentage of errors or correct responses, but a delay of 185 ms was observed for the categorization task in comparison with the discrimination task. All conditions activated a common neural network that includes both striate and extrastriate areas, especially the fusiform gyri, the precunei, the insulae, and the dorsolateral frontal cortex. In addition, interaction analysis revealed that the right insula was sensitive to both tasks and stimuli, and that stimulus type induced several significant signal variations for the categorization task in right frontal cortex, the right middle occipital gyrus, the right cuneus, and the left and right fusiform gyri, whereas for the discrimination task, significant signal variations were observed in the right occipito-parietal junction only. Finally, analyzing the latency of the BOLD signal also revealed a differential neural dynamics according to tasks but not to stimulus type. These temporal differences suggest a parallel hemisphere processing in the discrimination task vs. a cooperative interhemisphere processing in the categorization task that may reflect the observed differences in reaction time.

An Ergonomic Evaluation of the Effects of Veiling Reflection on the Human Visibility

Man perceive and react around him through the five senses. Also man give rise to the human sensibility and maintain his emotion. This study doesn't limit working environment to VDT environment, but considers the universal working environment acquiring information by eyesight stimulation. In this respect, designed and made is experimental equipment such as an external light for veiling reflection, visual target suggesting system, and visual target considered luminance contrast level. And reading the visual target is selected as work after excerpting the editorials from daily newspapers in Korean and Chinese letter and making target for experimental condition. In case of forming an abnormal veiling reflection we consider the form; a vertical (25%, 50%, 75%)and a horizontal (25%, 50%, 75%). The results from the subjective evaluation are analyzed by SD (Semantic Differential) methodology of 5 point scale for visibility and nuisance when an abnormal veiling reflection forms on target. In addition, the results of the objective evaluation are suggested by measuring and analyzing EEG (Electroencephalogram) of bio-signal for visual sensitivity. The results of this study can apply to basic data which create a guideline of a visual operation. In particular, it can be designed as an illumination environment concerning an ergonomic factor on visual operations, mental stress such as a visual inspection operation, visual information search operation, etc. As a result, we can expect to reduce the visual nuisance and contribute to the improvement of the performance and the uplift of the competitive power.

Han Sorya and North Korean Literature: The Failure of Socialist Realism in the DPRK.

This first and only study of North Korean literary history by a Western scholar deals with the crucial role played by Han Sorya, chairman of the D.P.R.K.'s Federation of Literature and Art from 1948 to his purge in 1962, both in devising the iconography of Kim Il Sung's personality cult and in defining the early course of North Korean letters. Through brief studies of Han's own canonical works the author also sets out to dispel the widely-held assumption that North Korean literature is compatible with Soviet and Chinese socialist realism. The appendix includes a complete translation of Han's 1951 novella Jackals (Sungnyangi).

Time courses in the negative and positive repetition effects.

Time courses of the negative repetition effect (NRE), a poorer detection of the target in noise-same-as-target than in noise-alternative-target displays, and its opposite, the positive repetition effect (PRE), were examined. Experiment 1 showed that displays in which a low-contrast target was present with a high-contrast noise produced a larger NRE than did displays in which a contrast relationship between items was reversed. A negative contrast repetition effect (NCRE) was also found that was comparable to the NRE. Experiment 2 showed that dimensional Korean letters (e.g., [symbol: see text]) whose configural differences were apparent in orientation produced the largest PRE at a 0-ms stimulus onset asynchrony, whereas featural Korean letters (e.g., [symbol: see text]) that differed in the number of elements yielded the largest NRE when a noise letter preceded a target letter by 50 ms. Experiments 3A and 3B indicated that the NCRE may arise from spatial attention.