Korean Journals Research Articles

동적 토픽 모델링(DTM)을 활용한 국내 수학교육의 정의적 영역에 관한 연구 동향 분석

This study analyzes trends in affective domain research through dynamic topic modeling, examining 380 papers published in seven major Korean mathematics education journals. The number of topics was set at nine based on coherence and perplexity measures, and topics were identified by considering the frequency and relevance of keywords. Topic 1 was disposition, attitude, interest, achievement, and pedagogy, Topic 2 was anxiety, interest, belief, factors, and levels, Topic 3 was attitude, problem solving, and programs, Topic 4 was attitude, belief, abilities, and learning activities, Topic 5 was belief, motivation, anxiety, programs, and activities, Topic 6 was affect(meta-affect), attitude, levels, and achievement, Topic 7 was self-efficacy, attitude, mathematical models, and practices, Topic 8 was value, motivation, instruction, and achievement, and Topic 9 was anxiety, motivation, textbooks, and storytelling. The topics covered various themes such as attitudes, anxiety, beliefs, motivation, and achievement, reflecting a strong connection to cognitive aspects like achievement, ability, and problem-solving. While overall patterns were similar, topics related to anxiety and beliefs (Topics 2 and 5) showed a distinct upward trend. The emergence of new terms such as ‘meta-affect’ and ‘mindset’ indicates the expanding scope of affective domain research. These findings suggest the need for continued exploration of new areas within the affective domain, alongside its links to cognitive factors, to support students' affective achievements.

A Comprehensive Review of Cogenerative Dialogue in Science Education

Abstract This study comprehensively explores cogenerative dialogue in science education from a sociocultural perspective. Analyzing 120 papers and theses from January 2001 to December 2022 in Korean and English journals, we examine their objectives, themes, methods, learners, educational levels, participants, researcher roles, coteaching connections, and program durations. Our data analysis reveals growing diversity in cogenerative dialogue research objectives and subjects across countries. Consistent patterns emerge regarding researcher roles, participant groups, and program durations. This research offers insights into the evolving cogenerative dialogue landscape in science education, informing future investigations and highlighting trends in this field. The findings presented not only shed light on the current state of research but also provide direction for future investigations, highlighting trends and distinctive features in various facets of cogenerative dialogue-related studies. Specifically, we offer suggestions for the need for research in Korean science education contexts and more broadly in the Asia-Pacific region.

Trends in Clinical Studies Including LI4 Acupoint Stimulation in Korean Journals

Trends in Clinical Studies Including LI4 Acupoint Stimulation in Korean Journals

Identifying Latent Topics and Trends in Premature Infant-Related Nursing Studies Using a Latent Dirichlet Allocation Method.

This study aimed to identify topics and within-topic core keywords in premature infant-related nursing studies published in Korean and international academic journals using topic modeling and to compare and analyze the trends in Korean and international studies. Journal databases were searched to extract nursing studies involving premature infants from 1998 to 2020. Journal databases included MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and EMBASE for international studies and DBpia, the National Digital Science Library, the Korea Citation Index, and the Research Information Sharing Service for Korean studies. Abstracts from the selected 182 Korean and 2502 international studies were analyzed using NetMiner4.4.3e. In results, four similar topics (Korean vs international) were "pain intervention" versus "pain management"; "breast feeding practice" versus "breast feeding"; "kangaroo mother care"; and "parental stress" versus "stress & depression." Two topics that appeared only in the international studies were "infection management" and "oral feeding & respiratory care." Overall, the international studies dealt with diverse topics directly associated with premature. Korean studies mainly dealt with topics related to mothers of premature infants, whereas studies related to premature infants were insufficient. Nursing research in Korea needs to be expanded to research topics addressing premature infants.

일본에서의 한국음악학의 전개 양상과 연구 성과 -1945년 이후를 중심으로-

This article examines the Korean musicology, developed in Japan since
 1945, by period and the the results by field.
 During the Japanese colonial period, Japanese research on Korean music
 was actively conducted in relation to the ruling policy of the Japanese
 Government-General of Korea, but after the defeat in World War II, research
 on Korean music decreased significantly. Therefore, the period from 1945 to
 1965 can be called the ‘gap period’ of the Korean musicology in Japan.
 In the 1970s, as Ethnomusicology grew significantly in Japan, Korean music
 research was conducted as part of it. Master's and doctoral theses on Korean
 music were published, related research also surged, and the Goryeoak
 yeonguhoe (Komagaku Research Society) was established (1976) beginning
 regular academic exchanges between scholars from the two countries.
 Therefore, the period from 1966 to the 1970s can be called the growth
 period of the Korean musicology in Japan.
 In the 1980s, in-depth research was conducted through long-term fieldwork
 and study abroad, and the number of studies increased significantly due to
 academic activities of various generations. Two research books, Song of
 Arirang and the Study of Sound were published, and six articles on Korean
 music were included in a collection related to Asian music, strengthening the
 status of Korean music research in Japan. In addition, high-quality academic
 exchanges between music scholars from both countries continued by the
 Komagaku Research Society. Therefore, the 1980s can be called the
 establishment period of the Korean musicology in Japan.
 The 1990s was a time when the research field expanded significantly, and
 research results came out in all fields except court music. In particular, it is noteworthy that research on the history of music during the Joseon Dynasty
 and modern music began. Although the number of studies has decreased
 compared to before, in terms of diversity in research, it can be said that the
 Korean musicology has entered a stable period during this period.
 In the 2000s, the number of studies decreased even more than before. This
 is because academic activities were centered around the third-generation
 researchers. Therefore, this period can be viewed as a stagnation period or
 period of generational change in the Korean musicology in Japan. It is
 noteworthy that while there was no articles on folk songs and instruments
 that had been studied steadily before, modern music history increased
 dramatically (12 articles) compared to the previous period (1 article).
 Since 2010, research results have increased significantly, the number of
 researchers has increased, and the publications in Korean journals (in Korean)
 have increased, marking a period of significant quantitative and qualitative
 development in Korean music research. Therefore, this can be called the
 prosperity period of the Korean musicology in Japan.
 It has been confirmed that Korean music research has been conducted in
 all fields in Japan since 1945. A total of 190 studies were conducted, with the
 most popular field being folk music (53), followed by music history (49) and
 musical instruments (32), followed by general theory (17), music style (14),
 music exchange (11), royal music (6), and etc (8). This is in contrast to the
 intensive publication of articles on court music in Japanese colonial period.
 The reason why so many studies on folk music seems to be the result of
 active research using ethnomusicological approach to collecting data through
 fieldwork while the reason why the study of modern music history has
 increased rapidly since 2000 may be because of interest in the special
 situation of the Japanese colonial period and materials written in Japanese in
 this period, which easily accessible to Japanese researchers.

A Study on Mathematical Modeling Trends in Korea

Mathematical modeling refers to a core competency and teaching-learning method that is being treated as important worldwide. This study aimed at examining trends of previous studies on mathematical modeling, which were published in Korean journals. This study was conducted with the aim of introducing domestic studies on mathematical modeling to both domestic and foreign researchers. Fifty-four studies from 2013 to 2022 were selected for the current trend study and classified in terms of years, research subjects, and research methods. By year, at least one paper and up to 10 papers were published from 2013 to 2022. As a result of examining the trends of the studies by subject, we revealed that studies targeting teachers were very insufficient. Moreover, the findings show that biased research methods and quantitatively simple analysis methods were mainly used. Last, the relational trend between research topics and implications were diverse depending on the theme such as task, lesson, and teacher education. Specifically, although the studies have provided implications on teacher education steadily, research targeting the topic of teacher education for mathematical modeling have been very limited. For the future study on mathematical modeling, mathematics educators and researchers need to recognize that teacher education is significant in implementing mathematical modeling in school classrooms successively, and to try diverse studies on teacher education for mathematical modeling. This paper will contribute to helping foreign scholars to know the research on mathematical modeling being conducted in Korea, which will ultimately contribute to the literature on mathematical modeling.

Analysis of Research Trends on General Mathematics at Universities : Focusing on Papers Published in Korean Journals Over the Past 10 Years

Analysis of Research Trends on General Mathematics at Universities : Focusing on Papers Published in Korean Journals Over the Past 10 Years

Analysis of Research Trends on General Mathematics at Universities : Focusing on Papers Published in Korean Journals Over the Past 10 Years

In this study, in order to provide a developmental discussion on general mathematics in universities and the direction for follow-up research, research trends were examined for papers published in Korean domestic academic journals over the past 10 years. The results of the research are as follows: First, among studies related to mathematics education and general education, research on general mathematics in universities is severely lacking. Considering that nearly all universities offer courses related to general mathematics, professors and researchers responsible for general mathematics should dedicate more attention to research on general college mathematics. Second, concerning the subjects and content areas of mathematics, research on general mathematics shows a bias towards basic general mathematics for science and engineering students. Therefore, there is a need for research on basic general mathematics for students in the humanities and social sciences, as well as research on pure general mathematics applicable to all students. Third, there is a lack of research on evaluation and educational technology in the field of general mathematics. Evaluation plays a crucial role in education, and it is important to conduct research on the evaluation of general mathematics and the utilization of educational technology, especially considering the increasing emphasis on the use of various technological tools in mathematics education. Fourth, in terms of research methods, the majority of studies focus on quantitative research. Therefore, it is necessary to employ diverse research methods that are suitable for the teaching and learning environment of general mathematics. Fifth, concerning the research topic on teaching and learning, while there have been numerous studies targeting science and engineering students, there is a need for a variety of studies on teaching and learning that encompass all students, including those in the humanities and social sciences, as well as the professors themselves.

국내 노인상담 연구 동향

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the trends of counseling of older adults in Korean journals from 2000 to 2022.
 Methods To this end, from 2000 to October 2022., a descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on domestic academic papers according to the analysis criteria of the year of publication, research subject, research method, research topic and related variables, and counseling theoretical background.
 Results First, research related to older adults counseling in Korea has been steadily conducted, but research on older adults counseling has not increased significantly. Second, 86 studies (54%) of the general older adults were the most studied, followed by 32 studies of older adults with diseases and disabilities (20.2%), 23 studies of older adults (14.5%), 16 studies of older adults counselors and practitioners (10%) and 2 general public (1.2%). Third, as for the research method, 123 quantitative studies (71.1%) were the most common, followed by 29 qualitative studies (16.76%), 16 literature studies (9.25%), and 5 mixed studies (2.89%). Fourth, emotional and personality variables were mainly conducted as research variables, followed by cognitive variables, behavior and adaptation variables, relationship variables, and other variables. Finally, only 36 studies (20.8%) of all studies presented the basis for counseling theory. The main theoretical approaches were cognitive approaches, 9 case(25%), family counseling approaches, 5case(13.9%), positive-based approaches, 2case(5.6%), and human and existentialist approaches, reality therapy, interpersonal approaches, and integrated approaches, respectively 1case(2.8%).
 Conclusions Based on these results, the implications of older adults counseling research in Korea and suggestions for follow-up studies were made.

Analysis of Horticultural Activity Programs in Research Articles on Horticultural Therapy for Children in Korean Journals

Background and objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the current research trends in horticultural therapy for children by examining articles published in Korean journals over the past 20 years.Methods: A total of 76 experimental articles from 22 journals were analyzed to determine the publication status, horticultural activity programs, and plant species used in the programs.Results: The results showed that the Journal of People, Plants, and Environment (57.9%) and horticulture majors (43.4%) showed the biggest number of publications of articles related to horticultural therapy for children. Most horticultural activity programs for children consisted of 11 to 15 sessions (36.4%), held once a week (61.0%), and lasted for ten weeks or less (33.8%), with each session lasting 31 to 60 minutes (53.2%). Most programs had groups of ten or fewer participants (40.3%) and were conducted indoors (75.3%). Although the activities varied among journals and authors’ majors, arts and crafts activities (41.5%) were the most common type of horticultural activity program for children. The analysis of plant species used in horticultural activities for children revealed that flowers were the most frequently used (49.5%), followed by vegetables (19.4%). Regarding the types of plant usage, cut flowers (33.5%) and seedlings (33.1%) were most frequently used, which is because cut flowers were mostly used in arts and crafts, and seedlings in cultivation activities. However, 53.8% of the plant materials were not clearly identified in the articles, indicating a lack of consideration for the plant materials used. According to the analysis of the sources of plants used in the horticultural activities, over 80% of flowers and 60% of vegetables were obtained through purchase for the program.Conclusion: In conclusion, it is necessary to increase the ratio of plant cultivation and observation activities to preserve the essence of horticultural therapy, as well as to select suitable plant species and develop effective programs for horticultural therapy to bring various beneficial effects to children.

국내 다문화교육역량 연구동향 분석

The purpose of this study was to investigate the domestic research trend of multicultural education competency. Using RISS, 31 papers published in major Korean academic journals from 2012 to 2023 were selected and analyzed for this study. The papers were analyzed for research periods, research topics, research methods, and subjects of research. The research results were as follows. First, multicultural education competency has been continuously studied since 2012, with the most research conducted in 2018 and decreasing since then. Second, studies related to multicultural education competency were mainly published in journals pedagogy-related dealing with multicultural, educational, and learners. Third, the research topic that garnered the highest popularity was the examination of factors influencing multicultural education competency. Fourth, research on multicultural education competencies was mainly conducted using quantitative research methods. Fifth, it was verified the most of the subjects of the study were pre-service teachers. Based on these results, the future direction of multicultural education competency research was discussed, and it was suggested that a wider variety of research methods be used

An Analysis of Research Trends in the Use of Social Robots in Early Childhood Institutions

이 논문은 소셜 로봇의 보급화에 주목하여 영유아 교육기관에서의 소셜 로봇활용 연구 경향을 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 이에 2008년부터 2022년까지 국내 학술지에 게재된 논문 38편의 게재 경향, 연구 특성과 로봇활용 특성을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 발행연도별 연구편수는 2011 ~ 2013년에 그 수가 가장 높고 이후 감소하다 최근 들어 다시 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 연구주제 및 연구대상에서는 영유아 대상의 프로그램 효과성 검증과 아동-로봇 상호작용 연구가 가장 많고, 그다음으로 교사 대상의 로봇활용 태도 및 인식 연구 순으로 나타났다. 연구주제에 따른 특정 연구방법이 편중되어 있었으며, 연구에 사용된 로봇명은 제니보와 아이로비큐가 대다수를 차지하였다. 로봇활용 기간 범위는 한 달 미만에서 다섯 달 이상이었으며, 대체로 로봇 투입 기간이 길어짐에 따라 로봇활용 빈도가 낮아졌다. 이를 바탕으로 최근 영유아 기관에서의 소셜 로봇활용 연구가 증가하고 있지만 타학문과의 협력을 통해 연구가 활발히 이루어질 필요가 있으며, 연구주제와 연구대상, 연구방법론적 측면을 보완하고, 로봇활용 특성에 따른 로봇활용 프로그램 효과성 검증의 필요성을 제기하였다.The purpose of this study is to analyze research trends in the use of social robots in early childhood institutions. A total of 38 research publications published in South Korean journals from 2008 to 2022 were analyzed in the criteria of publication trends and features of research. As a result, the number of publications was the highest in 2011 to 2013, decreased thereafter, and recently showed a tendency to increase again. In terms of research topics and participants, child-directed programs and child-robot interaction studies were the most common, followed by teacher’s attitudes and perceptions of robot use. Research methods were biased according to the research subject, and Genibo and IrobiQ were the most used robots. The period of robot use ranged widely and the frequency of robot use generally decreased as the period of robot use became longer. Based on these findings, although research on the use of social robots in early childhood institutions has recently increased, research needs to be conducted actively through cooperation with other disciplines and to be supplemented in the aspects of research topics, participants, and methodologies.

한국의 지원주택(Supportive Housing) 연구의 동향 분석 - 학술지 논문을 중심으로(2001~2020) -

본 연구는 한국의 지원주택 관련 연구의 특성 및 동향을 체계적으로 고찰하고자 2001~2020년 우리나라 학술지 논문 중 평정 기준에 부합하는 23편 논문을 6개 항목의 분석틀로 내용분석방법으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 발표 연도는 2017년 이후 집중되었고, 연구 분야는 다학제적으로 접근되고 있었다. 핵심요소는 모든 논문이 5개 요소 중 3개 이상을 포함하고, 연구방법은 질적 연구와 문헌연구가 73.9% 차지하며, 주거공간은 주거형태 유형화 및 주거공간 구성 연구에 집중된 것으로 분석되었다. 지원서비스는 4가지 유형으로, 운영조직은 내부 서비스관리팀 및 외부 서비스운영기관 유형으로 분류되었으며 지원서비스 효과성 연구 및 운영평가 연구는 미흡한 것으로 드러났다. 연구결과를 활용하여 향후 연구의 이슈 및 함의를 논하였다.

Perceiving Conflict of Interest Experts Recommendation System Based on a Machine Learning Approach

Academic societies and funding bodies that conduct peer reviews need to select the best reviewers in each field to ensure publication quality. Conventional approaches for reviewer selection focus on evaluating expertise based on research relevance by subject or discipline. An improved perceiving conflict of interest (CoI) reviewer recommendation process that combines the five expertise indices and graph analysis techniques is proposed in this paper. This approach collects metadata from the academic database and extracts candidates based on research field similarities utilizing text mining; then, the candidate scores are calculated and ranked through a professionalism index-based analysis. The highly connected subgraphs (HCS) algorithm is used to cluster similar researchers based on their association or intimacy in the researcher network. The proposed method is evaluated using root mean square error (RMSE) indicators for matching the field of publication and research fields of the recommended experts using keywords of papers published in Korean journals over the past five years. The results show that the system configures a group of Top-K reviewers with an RMSE 0.76. The proposed method can be applied to the academic society and national research management system to realize fair and efficient screening and management.

Bee Venom Acupuncture for Neck Pain: A Review of the Korean Literature.

Bee venom is a natural toxin that is effective in treating various types of pain. The purpose of this paper was to review all the features of clinical studies conducted on bee venom acupuncture (BVA) for the treatment of neck pain in Korean publications. Six Korean databases and 16 Korean journals were searched in August 2022 for clinical studies on BVA for neck pain. We identified 24 trials that met our inclusion criteria, of which 316 patients with neck pain were treated with BVA. The most common diagnosis in the patients with neck pain was herniated intervertebral discs (HIVDs) of the cervical spine (C-spine) (29.2%), and the concentration and dosage per session were 0.05-0.5 mg/mL and 0.1-1.5 mL, respectively. The visual analog scale was most often measured for neck pain severity (62.5%), and all clinical research reported improvements in 16 outcome measures. This study shows that BVA could be recommended for the treatment of neck pain, especially HIVD of the C-spine; however, the adverse effects of BVA must be examined in future studies.

국내 학술지에 게재된 교육정책 관련 연구 동향 분석

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze research trends targeting educational policy-related theses published in the Journal of Educational Administration, one of the Korean journals, as the subjects of analysis and to provide basic data about the future direction of research on domestic education policy based on the findings of analysis.
 Methods By searching for data from the database of the Korea Education & Research Information Service and the website of the Korea Educational Administration Society, this author collected data about theses on ‘education policy’ published in the Journal of Educational Administration in systematic ways, and for final analysis, 218 theses were selected. The criteria of analysis were set as sector areas and purposes, policy processes and levels, and research methods, etc. As part of reviewing the literatures, Excel program was utilized to conduct frequency analysis and cross-tabulation analysis.
 Results First, according to the results of analyzing research trends by sector areas with 218 educational policy-related theses published in Journal of Educational Administration from 2008 to 2021, elementary and secondary education, higher education, and teachers were found in order. Concerning the topics of research, free semester policy, innovative school policy, the teacher competency development & evaluation system, and principal competition system were found in order. Regarding the purposes of research, analysis on the current status and condition, political alternatives and measures for improvement, and verification and application were found in order. Second, about the trends of research in policy processes, policy evaluation, policy execution, and policy decision were found in order, and in policy levels, the national level, city/province level, and the unit school level were found in order. Third, in the trends of research regarding data collection methods, literatures, statistical data, and questionnaires were found in order, and about the forms of research, analytic research, descriptive research, and comparative research were found in order.
 Conclusions Based on the above results of analyzing the trends of research on educational policy, this researcher has derived following conclusions. Major research trends are associated with the areas of elementary and secondary education, research topics of the free semester system and innovative school policy, research purposes of analysis on the current status and actual condition, processes of policy evaluation, the national level, the method of collecting literatures, and the form of analytic research. Follow-up research will have to be conducted from the perspective of broadening the range of research regarding various sector areas, research purposes, or the pursuit of diversity in the forms of research.

Analysis of research on Korea’s 2015 revised special – Education curriculum

The purpose of this study was to analyze contents of Korea’s 2015 revised special education curriculum, focusing on papers published in Korean journals and candidate journals from 2016 (i.e., after December 2015 when the 2015 revised special education curriculum was established) to 2022 (present). Future research directions regarding the curriculum are also presented. To this end, this study analyzed 29 academic papers related to the 2015 revised special education curriculum, in line with the purpose of this study. These studies on the 2015 revised special education curriculum were analyzed as follows. First, trends of study purpose had seven subcategories: analysis of curriculum fitness (one paper), curriculum implementation (six papers), exploration of meanings (four papers), analysis of interest (two papers), identification of contents and characteristics (8 papers), development of curriculum elements (one paper), and reconstitution of curriculum (one paper). Second, based on themes, studies were categorized into studies on general guidelines (seven papers) and studies on subject curriculum (20 papers). Based on study results, future curriculum revision and research directions are discussed.

English learner corpora and research in Korea

The interest in the exploitation of corpora in the study of Korean L2 learners’ use of English has risen dramatically over the past two decades, leading to the compilation of learner corpora and to numerous empirical investigations into Korean learners’ use of English. This paper will give an overview of the compilation and characteristics of English learner corpora in Korea and will also provide an analysis of the recent trends in learner corpus research. It was not until the mid-2000s that Korean academics started to compile English learner corpora, such as the snu Korean-speaking English Learner Corpus (skelc), the Yonsei English Learner Corpus (yelc), the Gachon Learner Corpus (glc), the Neungyule Interlanguage Corpus of Korean Learners of English (nickle), the efl Teacher Corpus (etc), the Korean English Learners’ Spoken Corpus (kelsc) and the ets Corpus of Non-native Written English (TOEFL11). There have also been a growing number of learner corpus-based studies that used the existing learner corpora as well as self-compiled corpus data. All the learner corpus-based research articles published in two Korean academic journals ( English Teaching and Korean Journal of Applied Linguistics) will be reviewed and analysed in terms of research topics and areas, data types, analysis methods and corpus compilation practices. Finally, this paper will suggest some future directions for learner corpus compilation and research in Korea.

Research Trends Regarding Language Development and Language Impairment of Infancy and Toddlerhood: From 2012 to 2021

Objectives: This study aims to examine Korean and English research trends regarding language development and language impairment, and to suggest future directions for later research. Methods: Sixty-five Korean research papers published in Communication Science & Disorders and 129 English research published in the Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research were classified according to the subject, time dimension, observational method, independent variable, and dependent variable. The frequency and rate of publication of each type were yielded. Results: Nearly half of the subjects were typically developing toddlers, but there were some differences between the research in the two journals. Cross-sectional studies had higher rates in Korean research, and longitudinal studies had higher rates in English research. In Korean journals, most articles were descriptive studies, with very few experimental studies. In English journals, various independent variables were used relatively evenly, whereas the variables related to the characteristics of the subject were used at higher rates in the Korean journals. Both journals mostly used variables associated with expressive language as dependent variables. Conclusion: Although more research has been published and the types of studies have become more diverse than in the past, during the recent decade in Korea the amount and types of studies are limited when compared to English research. In this regard, this study discussed the direction in which future research related to infant language disorder should proceed.

Clinical Studies of Bee Venom Acupuncture for Lower Back Pain in the Korean Literature.

This study aimed to identify all of the characteristics of bee venom acupuncture (BVA) for the treatment of lower back pain (LBP) that are described in the Korean literature, and to provide English-speaking researchers with bibliometrics. Six Korean electronic databases and sixteen Korean journals on BVA treatment for back pain were searched up to February 2022. This report included and analyzed 64 clinical studies on BVA interventions for back pain and 1297 patients with LBP. The most common disease in patients with back pain was lumbar herniated intervertebral discs (HIVD) of the lumbar spine (L-spine). All studies used bee venom (BV) diluted with distilled water. The concentration of BVA for HIVD of L-spine patients with LBP ranged from 0.01 to 5.0 mg/mL; the dosage per treatment was 0.02–2.0 mL, and for a total session was 0.3–40.0 mL. The most used outcome measure was the visual analogue scale for back pain (n = 45, 70.3%), and most of the papers reported that each outcome measure had a positive effect. Korean clinical studies were typically omitted from the review research, resulting in potential language bias. This study provides clinical cases in Korea for future development and standardization of BVA treatment for back pain.