Korean Books Research Articles

Image Comparison between Original and Duplicated Books on Goryeo History (高麗史) from 15th and 16th Centuries in Joseon Dynasty of Korea: Metal Type Prints vs. Re-engraved Woodblock Prints

In 1482, during the Joseon dynasty (조선, 朝鮮, 1392-1910), volumes of books on the history of the previous Goryeo dynasty (고려, 高麗, 918-1392) were written and printed with metal type. The similarities and differences between these books on the Goryeo history (고려사, 高麗史), printed with metal type in the 15th century and the identical book printed using re-engraved woodblocks in the 16th century were compared. The printed pages had the same width in both the metal printed books and woodblock books, but differences in page height were observed: the original metal printed books from the 15th century had larger heights than the woodblock printed books from the 16th century. Using image comparison and analysis between various versions of works of Goryeo history, we investigated the correlations between the directional shrinkage of the wood as a potential root cause of the size difference in only one direction between the metal type and the re-engraved woodblock-printed versions. It was confirmed that the comparison of the size and directions of the printed areas is a very effective method of determining the printing method and the sequence of changes in very similar versions of old Korean books.

Materials of the Archive of Orientalists of IOM, RAS, on the History of the Korean Fund from the city of Kzyl-Orda

This article is devoted to the correspondence (housed at the Archive of Orientalists) regarding the transfer of old Korean books from the library of Kzyl-Orda, Kazakhstan, to the Institute of Oriental Studies. The Korean Fund of IOM, RAS, began to form back in 1864, and in all subsequent years, the collection of written records was replenished whenever possible. That is why, when in 1939 a letter was received from the library of Kzyl-Orda with a wish to transfer Korean books to the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences, the top management of the Institute began to actively promote this process. The content of this correspondence and the history of the Korean collection of old books in Kzyl-Orda are discussed in the article.

Telaah dimensi proses kognitif pada soal pengayaan buku teks bahasa Korea untuk penutur asing

This study aims to assess the application of cognitive processing dimensions to the enrichment questions in the Korean book entitled 아하 한국어 2/Aha Hanguko 2 which contains 141 questions in 12 chapters. The cognitive process dimension is divided into six levels with two categories, namely lower order thinking skills and higher order thinking skills. The method used in this research is qualitative by using textual analysis. The results of the research in the book are that the enrichment questions do not yet contain all levels of cognitive process dimensions because there are no questions at the C5 - Evaluation level. However, there are still questions with other higher order thinking skills categories, namely levels C4 - Analysis and C6 - Creating. The enrichment questions are still dominated by the level C2 - Understanding which is a category of lower order thinking skills. Based on the results of the research, it can be seen that the book does not contain enrichment questions with the level of dimensions of cognitive processes that are included in the category of higher order thinking skills optimally. This can have an impact on the lack of sharpening of students' critical thinking skills.

Ink Tone Analysis of Printed Character Images towards Identification of Medieval Korean Printing Technique: The Song of Enlightenment (1239), the Jikji (1377), and the Gutenberg Bible (~1455)

To identify printing techniques for medieval Korean books, ink tone analysis of printed characters is proposed. Ink tones of printed character images in two ancient books, The Song of Enlightenment with Commentaries by Buddhist Monk Nammyeong Cheon (南明泉和尙頌證道歌), designated as Korean treasures in 1984 and 2012, were compared and analyzed. Both books have been misidentified and disclosed by the Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea as woodblock-printed versions from the Goryeo dynasty of Korea in the 13th century. Ink tone analysis showed clear differences in brightness histograms between printed characters on the two books, suggesting printing technique differences. Statistical ink tone analysis of printed characters in the two books revealed totally different brightness (or darkness) histograms of pixels, within inked areas, suggesting differences in printing techniques and materials used for the two books. Ink tone analysis was performed for the Jikji (直指: metal type printed in Korea in 1337) and the Gutenberg Bible (metal type printed in Europe around 1455) for comparisons. As additional references, the ink tone analysis was conducted for two sets of old Korean books titled Myeongeuirok (明義錄), printed in 1777, and Sok-Myeongeuirok (續明義錄), printed in 1778, using both metal type and re-carved woodblocks. The Gongin version of The Song of Enlightenment, designated as a Korean treasure in 2012, showed very similar distribution and average brightness of ink with the metal-type-printed books from Korea and Europe from the 14th to 18th centuries. All metal-type-printed books from Korea and the Gutenberg Bible showed spotty prints with lighter ink tones and more symmetrical histograms compared with woodblock-printed Korean books from the 14th to 18th centuries. Ink tone analysis of printed character images can provide additional insights into a printing technique identification method. It is additional evidence for metal type printing of the Gongin version (空印本) of The Song of Enlightenment, designated as a Korean treasure in 2012. The version of interest is the world’s oldest extant book, printed using metal type in Korea in September 1239, as indicated in the imprint. This predates Jikji (1377) by 138 years and the 42-line Gutenberg Bible (~1455) by 216 years.

1922~1937년 고려인들의 근대 경험 — 언론과 한글서적 발간을 중심으로 —

1922~1937년 고려인들의 근대 경험 — 언론과 한글서적 발간을 중심으로 —

The Development of a STEAM Program about Global Energy with a Focus on Democratic Citizenship

Abstract This study explored democratic citizenship (DC) for students by developing a DC framework (DCF) with eight components. We employed the DCF to examine what and how much DC was included in Korean science textbooks and lab books focused on the topic of energy for Grades K–12. We found different DC components were included at different grade levels and some components were not present at all. To help address the uneven distribution of these components, we developed four DC inclusive science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) books related to the topic of energy. These books were designed with the DCF to foster rich DC learning experiences in school science. We engaged 13 teachers as consultants in a validation process when developing the DC inclusive STEAM books. This study describes the development and implementation of the DCF for preparing supplemental science curriculum materials that can improve students’ appreciation for DC.

Business Korean Book Review

Business Korean Book Review

Pirated edition books learned through court as book dealer for korean books

Pirated edition books learned through court as book dealer for korean books

1980년대 『오싱』 붐과 한국 사회 - 순응과 저항의 여성 서사를 호명한 한국 독자 -

Understanding what is in Japanese literature that has become a bestseller in Korea and how it has been read is reevaluating the aspects of Korean society that accepts the literature in addition to the significance of translation. This study would examine the social discourses and individuals’ desires implied in Korean society in the 1980s through the Oshin boom. The year when the Korean version of Oshin was published is 1984, which was an extraordinary publication that ‘translated’ the Japanese TV drama scenario into a novel. For a few years since then, Oshin has been settled as a bestseller in the Korean book market. Oshin was full of points of contact with desires pursued by Korean society. The life success story, in which a domestic help became the owner of a supermarket chain store was a combination of the gender element of women's entry into society with the capital element of overcoming poverty and acquiring wealth. In addition, it was also an excellent combination to express a desire for change in Korean society in the 1980s. Oshin, who adapts herself and resists patriarchy, resembled the reality of women in Korean society much. In that Oshin drew out numerous discourses of Korean society, such as discrimination of women, the shadow of labor environment, and pursuit of wealth and management ethics, it was like a self-portrait of Korean society.

북한소설 『벗』 영역본의 명시화 전략 분석: 감정표현을 중심으로

As a North Korean novel, Friend, was selected as one of The Best World Literature of 2020 by Library Journal, an American trade publication for librarians, and was promoted as a Korean book that sold the most copies in France, the North Korean literature is gaining attention in the literary field. According to the cultural identification proposed by Edward T. Hall, the North Korean language and culture belong to high-context culture that exhibits less-direct verbal and nonverbal communication, whereas English and the English-speaking culture belong to low-context culture that relies heavily on explicit verbal skills for communication. Hence, when the North Korean novel is translated into English, the indirect or implicit messages need to be explicitly enunciated for greater understanding of the readers in the English-speaking culture. Out of many cultural elements that require explicitation, emotional expressions deserve a detailed investigation, since how accurately the emotions are translated holds a lot of sway over the comprehension and acceptance of the novel transferred from a different culture. Therefore, this study analyzes and categorizes the expilcitation strategies employed in the translation of Friend and seeks implications for translation of emotional expressions from high-context to low-context culture.

The Situation with South Korean Literature in Russia as a Marker of the Current State of Intercultural Communication

Modern literature – both as book industry and as an art – is a sphere that reflects general cultural and intercultural trends. Mutual interest and understanding between Moscow and Seoul, the Russians and the Koreans manifests itself in such cultural derivatives – in works of art, in translated books in particular. The Yasnaya Polyana literary prize awarded November 23, 2020, in Moscow once again brought into light the novel of a South Korean writer Han Kang, The Vegetarian, that, at the same time, received less attention than other foreign works. What is therefore observed is that, in the wider milieu of foreign literatures, the South Korean achieves modest success in Russia and vice versa. With many prominent authors and their works translated, market success and wide publicity of Korean authors and books is what is lacking at the current stage of cultural interactions. This could be caused by the genre specificities of contemporary South Korean literature, as dramatism and realism of everyday problems feature prominently in novels and other works. Historical tragedies and the difficult life of Korean society are unlikely to be the details inciting wide public interest in Russia. What also imperils the cultural dialogue in this field is the unsystematic choice of texts to be published abroad and translated, which can be attributed to Russian editorial houses. This concern is the major obstacle to promoting both Russian and Korean cultures. Consequently, the development of intercultural bonds between Russia and South Korea is to a certain degree hindered by mutual stereotypes and standard patterns.

7세기 중엽 한·중 사서의 전쟁 기사 검토

삼국과 당은 대체로 상호 우호적인 친선관계를 유지하며 교류활동을 전개하였는데, 이에 대한 구체적인 내용은 각국의 사서들에 수록되어 다양한 형태로 전승되고 있다. 그리고 기사의 내용은 정치·외교·전쟁 등이 중요한 주제를 이루고 있으며, 기사들의 형태는 공유기사, 개별기사, 누락기사 등으로 구분할 수 있다.BR 7세기 중엽 삼국과 당 사이에는 660년 나당연합군에 의한 백제 멸망과 668년 고구려 멸망, 그리고 676년 나당전쟁 등 3번의 전쟁이 발생하였다. 또한 전쟁의 사전 준비단계에 해당하는 성격인 648년 나당동맹도 중요한 의미를 가지고 있다. 이 전쟁들은 645년 고구려와 당이 상호 대결하였던 기존의 단편적인 형태에서 벗어나 신라·당과 백제·왜, 고구려의 대결뿐만 아니라 신라·고구려유민과 당의 대결과 같이 여러 세력이 연관되면서 복합적인 형태로 진행되었다는 특징이 있다. 그리고 이와 관련된 개별기사는 자국의 이익과 관심의 정도 차이가 반영되었고, 이에 대한 내용들이 당시에 회자되면서 확대·재생산 되었으며, 시간이 지나면서 지금은 전하지 않는 사서들에 수록되면서 후대로 전해지게 되었을 것이다.BR 각 사서에 개별기사들이 어떤 형식으로 구성되어 있는지를 사서별·국가별·주제별로 구분하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 전쟁 기사 중에서 개별기사는 한국 사서에 145회(69,71%)가 수록되었으며, 중국 사서에는 63회(30.28%)가 수록되었다. 그리고 각 사서별로 수록된 국가의 수록 횟수는 한국 사서에는 신라가 단연 독보적으로 많은 반면에 중국 사서에는 고구려에 대한 기사가 더 많이 수록되었다는 점이 특징이다. 당시 신라와 당이 가지고 있는 관심의 차이에서 비롯된 것으로 이해할 수 있다. 각 주제의 국가별 기사 수록 횟수 역시 한국 사서는 신라의 기사가 중국 사서는 고구려 기사가 높을 비중을 보이고 있다. 또한 각 사서의 주제별 기사 수록 횟수는 660년 대백제전쟁과 668년 대고구려전쟁이 절대적인 비율을 보이고 있으며, 각 국가의 주제별 기사 수록 횟수도 660년 대백제전쟁과 668년 대고구려전쟁이 높은 비율을 보이고 있다.

Study on Vitalization of the Exporting Korean Book Copyrights

Study on Vitalization of the Exporting Korean Book Copyrights

1979년 크리스챤 아카데미 사건을 통해 본 한국의 인권 문제

The Christian Academy Case, which was announced to the media by the KCIA(Korean Central Intelligence Agency) on April 16, 1979, was a fabrication that accused Christian Academy assistant administrators of pro-communist based on possession of North Korean books and listening to North Korean broadcasts. KCIA took seven suspects into illegal detention for a long period of time, and tortured them severely to obtain false confessions. Shortly after the Christian Academy Case, religious groups, including the KNCC, condemned the Christian Academy Case as an act of suppressing labor and peasant movements and violating the freedom of Christian missionary work, and accused it of “human rights violations and religious oppression” through the international religious network. World church organizations and religious leaders were interested in the process of Korea’s trial of the Christian Academy Case and engaged in support and solidarity activities. They also sent messages of pressure to the presidential office of South Korea, the White House of the U.S. and the U.S. Congress to correct their unfair treatment of the case. One of the key targets of the Carter administration’s “human rights diplomacy” was the Park Chung-hee administration, and the Park Chung-hee administration’s oppressions on religious and social organizations, including the Christian Academy case, has intensified pressure on the U.S. to take measures to protect “human rights” against South Korea. The Christian Academy Case, the operation of the international network over the “human rights” issue, and the strengthening of the U.S. foreign policy on human rights have contributed to the collapse of the Yushin regime.

일제시기 중국에서 출판된 조선인 저서에 대한 고찰

일제시기에 중국으로 망명한 조선인들은 저술활동을 전개하였다. 이 글은 일제시기에 조선 인이 중국에서 저술하여 출판한 저서를 전수 조사한 것이다. 조사에 따르면 일제시기에 조선 인은 중국에서 총 135권의 저서를 출간하였다. 이 135권에 달하는 저술들은 역사, 철학 및 문 학 등 다양한 영역에 걸쳐 이루어졌다. 중국에서 저서를 가장 많이 출간한 사람은 창강 김택 영인데 그는 42권의 책을 저술하였고 조선 문인의 시문집 23권을 편집하여 출판하였다. 김택 영 외에 조선인이 중국에서 출간한 저서는 70권이다. 시기에 따라 1910년대 4권, 1920년대 15권, 1930년대 40권, 1940년대 11권 등으로 정리할 수 있다. 내용면에서 이 저술들은 모두 민족의 독립과 해방을 목적으로 삼고 있다고 말할 수 있다. 일제의 강압으로 인해 조선에서 항일 서사는 불가능한 일이였지만 이국공간인 중국에서는 활 발하게 전개될 수 있었다. 중국에서 출판된 조선인의 저서들은 재중 조선인들이 민족의 독립 을 위해 투쟁하는 모습을 보여주고 있을 뿐만 아니라 저술활동 그 자체로 항일운동의 중요한 일환으로 자리하고 있었다. 이 점에서 이국공간에서 이루어진 조선인의 항일서사가 조선 항일 문학의 장을 열어주었다고 말할 수 있다. 간과할 수 없는 점은 조선인이 저술한 이 저서들이 대부분 중국어로 출판되었다는 것이다. 연합항일이라는 점에서 중국어 글쓰기는 조선독립운동에 중요한 역할을 하였다. 또한 오늘날 조선 애국지사들의 중국어 글쓰기는 한국문학에 있어서 이채로운 부분이라 볼 수 있다.

Jung Hyunwoong and North Korean Book Artists of the 1950s

Jung Hyunwoong and North Korean Book Artists of the 1950s

A Study on the Colophon of Korean Book in the 1990s

간기면은 책의 저작권 및 출판권과 관련된 내용을 중심으로 저자와 발행인 등의 정보를 모아놓은 지면을 가리킨다. 이 연구의 목적은 간기면에 담긴 정보를 분석하여 이를 유형별로 나눔으로써 한국의 1990년대 단행본이 어떠한 정형성을 띠는지 살펴보는 데 있었다. 연구 결과, 1990년대 한국 단행본 간기면은 일반형, 저자 중심형, 출판사 중심형, 상세정 보형, 특이형 등으로 나눌 수 있었다. 특히 과거에는 저자 중심형이 일반적이었다면 1990년대를 기점으로 점차 출판사 중심형 또는 상세정보형으로 변화하는 양상을 보여주고 있으며, 검인지를 첩부하는 간기면은 급속하게 줄어들고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 간기면은 해당도서 전반에 걸친 다양한 정보를 요약해서 보여주는 기능을 담당하고 있었다.The Colophon refers to a page where information, such as authors and publishers, is collected based on the contents related to copyrights and publishing rights of a book. The study analyzed the elements contained in the colophon, focusing on 100 types of sample books selected by publishers(published companies). In order to achieve this goal, we set up a research problem to find out what are the elements of the colophon in Korean books in the 1990s, what are the formal characteristics according to frequency of tickle elements, and what are the types of the colophon? Based on the frequency of the elements that make up the colophon, in the 1990s, the publication-oriented, publishing-oriented, detailed information-specific, etc. In particular, if the author s main colophon was common in the past, it was found that the publication-oriented or detailed information-oriented period gradually changed to that of the 1990s, and the number of the author s seal is rapidly decreasing. The colophon was now an integral part of an important function that summed up various information throughout the book.

A Study on the Publishing Korean Translation of Japanese Picture Books in Korean Book Market

국내 어린이책 출판시장에서 일본 그림책의 국내 번역출판은 그림책 장르에 대한 관심 증가뿐만 아니라, 그림책을 흥미롭고 매력적인 출판콘텐츠로 인식되는데 영향을 미쳤다. 그러나 지금까지 일본 그림책 번역출판에 대한 역사적 배경과 그에 얽힌 사실들에 대해서는 구체적으로 다루지 못했다. 이에 국내 어린이책 출판시장의 시대적 배경을 간략하게 살펴보고, 일본 그림책을 가장 많이 전문적으로 출판했던 출판사의 사료를 중심으로, 번역출판 과정에서 발생했던 문제점들을 분석했다. 특히 저작권에 대한 이해와 로열티 개념, 편집과정에서의 갈등, 그림책이라는 출판 장르를 국내 독자들에게 알리기 위해 실시했던 마케팅 기법, 제작공정과 원고를 전달받는 과정에 발생했던 역사적 사실들을 짚어보고자 했다. 아울러 최근 국내에서 일본 그림책의 판매 감소 및 신간 번역출판이 둔화되고 있는 상황에서 본 소고를 통해 일본 그림책 번역출판에 대한 고민을 나누어 보고자 한다.One of the reasons that interest in picture book genres in Korea’s children’s book publishing market has increased and picture books have been recognized as interesting and attractive contents was the Korean translation of Japanese picture books. However, the historical background of Korean translation of Japanese picture books and the facts related to it have not been discussed in detail. Therefore, this paper discusses the background of the children’s book publishing market in Korea briefly and analyzes the problems that occurred during the publishing process centering on the contents of the Korean publishing company, which professionally translated Japanese picture books. It especially examines the understanding of copyright, the concept of royalty, the conflicts in the editing process, marketing techniques that were used to inform Korean readers about the genre of picture books, and the historical facts that occurred during the process of receiving manuscripts in the production process. It also discusses the recent decline in the sales of Japanese picture books in Korea and the decreasing frequency of new Japanese picture book publications.

Особенности читательской аудитории в контектсте корейской книгопечатной культуры раннего Чосона (XIV–XVI века)

Особенности читательской аудитории в контектсте корейской книгопечатной культуры раннего Чосона (XIV–XVI века)

그림책 속표지의 특성 연구 : 국내 그림책을 중심으로

그림책의 속표지(inside title page)는 본격적으로 그림책이 전개되기 전 페이지를 가리킨다. 이것은 영화의 오프닝 시퀀스(opening sequence)와 같은 역할을 하며, 제목과 작가를 소개하면서 그림책의 세계로 독자를 이끈다. 이러한 그림책 속표지의 특성을 분석하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이며, 분석대상 그림책은 국내 그림책 9권이다. 분석대상 그림책의 속표지에 나타난 글과 그림을 분석했으며, 분석 결과 본문의 도입부(intro)역할, 본문의 마지막 부분과 연결되는 구조, 면지와 본문과의 연결고리로 범주화하였다. 연구 결과는 첫째, 그림책의 속표지는 본문의 시작을 열어주는 도입부(intro)의 역할을 하고 있었다. 둘째, 속표지가 본문의 마지막과 연결되면서 주제의 효과적인 전달을 하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 그림책 속표지가 면지와 본문의 연결고리 역할을 하고 있었다. 따라서 그림책의 속표지도 텍스트 못지않게 중요한 읽기의 대상으로 의미를 가지기 때문에 그림책과 소통하는 하나의 방법으로서 제시될 필요가 있다.